首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
细胞对硅橡胶复合膜渗透蒸发分离性能的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用自制的硅橡胶复合膜对乙醇-水模型溶液、含有干酵母的乙醇-水模型溶液、以及实际发酵液进行渗透蒸发分离乙醇实验,研究了细胞对膜性能的影响、结果表明:与纯乙醇模型溶液的分离相比,膜对含有干酵母的乙醇-水模型溶液、真实发酵液的分离表现出更好的性能,显示细胞的存在和活动对膜传质有一定的促进作用.连续发酵过程中,在一定的细胞浓度下(10g/L),硅橡胶膜维持了长期稳定的分离性能;产品乙醇的有效分离降低了其对酵母细胞的抑制作用,使沉积在膜面上的细胞层促进了膜的分离性能;但提高细胞浓度(15g/L)后却因更厚的细胞层的堆积造成膜面传递状况劣化,使膜性能下降.因此发酵液中的细胞浓度、膜面上的细胞沉积以及膜性能之间存在一种最佳的相互促进和搭配关系.  相似文献   

2.
采用DSC法对等规聚丙烯(iPP)/豆油溶液的非等温结晶过程进行了研究.研究了聚丙烯浓度和降温速率对结晶温度的影响,结晶温度随降温速率升高而下降,随iPP含量增加略有上升,用自制热台在自然降温条件下对聚丙烯/豆油溶液的浊点进行了测定,结合DSC法的测定结果,绘制了聚丙烯/豆油体系的非平衡相图.另外研究了成核剂对结晶温度的影响,研究发现加入成核剂后iPP/豆油体系的结晶温度提高了15℃以上.  相似文献   

3.
溶液结晶技术在许多领域有着广泛的应用,其中结晶成核是溶液结晶的关键环节。以无水α-葡萄糖为研究对象,采用双频复合超声(25 k Hz+40 k Hz)强化糖液结晶成核,研究了溶液浓度、超声功率和作用时间对成核速率的影响,对单频和双频作用的晶核形态进行了对比,并采用碘化钾溶液中碘的释放量研究超声空化产额。研究结果表明:在同等条件下,双频复合超声降低了溶液成核的初始浓度,提高了成核速率,同时得到粒度均匀的晶核;双频复合超声的空化产额远高于单频25 k Hz超声和单频40 k Hz超声的空化产额,双频复合超声具有协同作用。双频复合超声强化溶液成核是一种快速、高效、节能的方法。  相似文献   

4.
由于ITO具有复杂的微观结构和吸收机制,很难准确测量出它的光学常数.采用变入射角光度椭偏仪(VASE)建立了一套简单的拟合模型,成功拟合出ITO光学常数在可见光范围内随波长的变化关系.并在此基础上分析了电子束蒸发法蒸发速率对ITO薄膜光学常数的影响.根据Hall效应测量了ITO在不同蒸发速率下的载流子浓度,分析了ITO光学常数随蒸发速率增加而增加的机理.  相似文献   

5.
研究了IPP及其加25种成核剂时的非等结晶形态,考查了成核剂和线性降温速率a对球晶尺寸d的影响。发现纯IPP的d随a增大线性降低;接随a增大d的变化,成核剂可分为3类:d变化不大,均得大球晶;d变化不大,均得小球晶,d明显减小。  相似文献   

6.
利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米微粒作为成核物质对乙二醇溶液过冷度的影响,实验得到了不同粒径和不同质量浓度的HA纳米微粒加入不同浓度乙二醇溶液的成核温度与熔融温度.结果表明当溶液的质量浓度在0-20%的范围内,加入纳米微粒后溶液成核温度变化不明显,但是当溶液浓度高于20%时,加入纳米微粒能显著的提高溶液的成核温度,降低溶液的过冷度.实验结果同时表明,加入纳米微粒的粒径越大、质量浓度越高,溶液过冷度的降低的越显著.  相似文献   

7.
在小型家用冰蓄冷空调系统中通过在冰蓄冷溶液中添加合适的成核添加剂,实验研究得出冰蓄冷空调系统的能耗节省了7.5%。其主要原因在于成核添加剂加速冰蓄冷溶液的结冰速率,因此添加合适的成核添加剂对于小型冰蓄冷空调系统节能有重要的影响。  相似文献   

8.
7075铝合金瞬时腐蚀速率的计算和试验验证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对铝合金腐蚀平均速率与瞬时速率的差异,根据腐蚀过程中试样横截面的变化与欧姆电阻的对应关系,建立了新的腐蚀速率计算方法.将试样全浸和半浸在腐蚀溶液中,分别测定了7075铝合金电阻随时间的变化,并由腐蚀速率计算公式获得了对应的腐蚀速率与时间的关系.结果表明,全浸6h前铝合金腐蚀速率随时间线性减小,接下来经历一个平坦区,25h后腐蚀速率又稍微增加.推断全浸6h之前铝合金表面主要发生点蚀,接下来是晶间腐蚀,25h之后进入剥蚀的发展期.铝合金半浸于电解液中的腐蚀速率随时间的变化趋势与全浸于溶液中相似.  相似文献   

9.
王小祥  赵连城 《功能材料》1992,23(3):144-147
Ti-49.1(at)%Ni 合金丝经40%冷拔加工后表现出线性伪弹性,平均弹性模量约40GPa,弹性行为不随应变速率变化而变化,冷拔试祥若在400℃经不同时间退火后.则表现出优良的相变伪弹性,伪弹性的屈服应力随退火时间延长而下降,当退火时间延长至10h 时,伪弹性消失,转变为形状记忆效应。当退火温度高于500℃时,试样的形状记忆效应随退火温度升高而下降。根据实验结果分析认为,若在给定温度下退火,则时间愈短,出现相变伪弹性的最低试验温度愈低。  相似文献   

10.
304不锈钢是一种常用的奥氏体不锈钢.在拉伸应变过程中,应变速率的变化会诱发马氏体转变量和转变速率,以及内部组织滑移线、位错、层错、形变孪晶密度的转变量和转变速率的不同,从而表现出不同的应变硬化行为.本文针对0.1 mm厚度304奥氏体不锈钢箔材,从断后伸长率,断面收缩率,屈服强度,抗拉强度及硬化指数5个方面,研究了室温条件下不同应变速率对其拉伸性能的影响.实验结果表明:马氏体转变理论同样适用于304奥氏体不锈钢箔材, 且0.1 mm厚度304不锈钢存在“越薄越脆,越小越强”的尺寸效应现象;同时,0.1 mm厚度304奥氏体不锈钢箔材拉伸力学性能随应变速率的变化主要表现在以下几方面:断后延伸率和断面收缩率均随着应变速率的增加而降低;低应变速率时,随着应变速率的增加屈服强度增大,而抗拉强度随应变速率的提高呈现减弱的相反规律;高应变速率下,304奥氏体不锈钢的强度主要由材料本身性能决定,应变速率的改变对强度的影响较小;准静态低应变速率下,硬化指数随应变速率增大而升高,较高应变速率下,硬化指数与应变速率变化无关.  相似文献   

11.
超声波作用下动态闪蒸制备冰浆   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本文基于闪蒸理论,设计了一套超声波作用下动态闪蒸制备冰浆的实验装置。研究同一真空度下不同超声波功率、喷射体积流量及不同质量浓度的乙醇添加对冰浆真空动态闪蒸特性的影响。结果表明:与无超声波作用相比,超声波对增大水的闪蒸强度作用明显;体积流量一定时,降温降压速率随超声波功率的增大而增大,较高的超声功率有助于增强水的闪蒸强度,有利于动态制冰;而同一超声功率下随着体积流量的增大最终平衡压力也越高。较大体积流量不利于闪蒸的持续进行;乙醇添加剂能促进溶液降温,质量浓度越高,温度降得越低;质量浓度为5%时,可消除溶液过冷度,更利于产生冰晶。  相似文献   

12.
Ultrasonic fields generated by one and two spherical cavities placed in front of a point-focused acoustic lens are modeled by the semi-analytical distributed point source method (DPSM). Results are generated by properly considering the interaction effect between two cavities placed in the focused ultrasonic field. The interaction effect between the two cavities prohibits the linear superposition of single cavity solutions to obtain the solution for two cavities placed in close proximity. Therefore, although some analytical and semi-analytical solutions are available for the single cavity in a focused ultrasonic field, those solutions cannot be simply superimposed for solving the two-cavity problem even for a linear elastic material. Solution of this problem is necessary to evaluate when two cavities placed in close proximity can be distinguished by an acoustic lens and when it is not possible. The comparison between the reflections of ultrasonic energy from two small cavities versus a single big cavity is also investigated.  相似文献   

13.
In the present work, decomposition of o-chlorophenol (2-cp) was carried out using an ultrasonic process. The extent of 2-cp decomposition depends on several parameters such as ultrasound wave energy (ultrasonic amplitude), addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pH value (H+ concentration), ionic strength, and initial concentration of 2-cp. The experimental results showed that the decomposition of 2-cp was affected by the various reaction conditions. The profiles of 2-cp decomposition fitted well with the first-order kinetic equation. A linear relationship was obtained between the rate constants of 2-cp decomposition and the varying reaction parameters. The magnitude of effect of reaction parameters such as ultrasonic amplitude, H+ concentration, ionic strength, H2O2 and 2-cp initial concentration on 2-cp decomposition were 0.60, 0.48, 0.19, 0.09 and -0.06, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
Motion and evaporation of droplets significantly affect the semidry flue gas desulfurization efficiency and long-term operation. Both the flow field distribution and the heat and mass transfer in the spray towers are studied by numerical simulation, and the process of droplet motion and evaporation is analyzed in detail. Then, two indices, mixing variance and droplet mass-weighted life, are provided to quantify gas droplet mixing and the droplet group evaporation time. The simulation results show that the radial penetration distance of the droplets is longer with the diameter increase, and the appropriate swirl number improves the mixing between the flue gas and droplets. With the increase of droplet diameter and velocity, the droplet distribution in the tower is more widely, obtaining the optimum mixing variance. The droplet mass-weighted life is promoted linearly with the increase of average droplet diameter and the decrease of flue gas temperature. With flue gas temperature increase from 458 k to 488 K, the droplet mass-weighted life decreases linearly by 31%. In comparison, the initial droplet velocity and spray angle have a slight effect on the droplet mass-weighted life.  相似文献   

15.
污水厂出水经紫外(UV)消毒后存在微生物光复活现象,为此考查了超声(US)协同控制紫外消毒出水大肠杆菌光复活的效果。经研究发现:紫外辐照剂量与城市污水厂二级处理出水中的大肠杆菌灭活率具有良好的线性关系,相关系数达到0.99;超声作为预处理协同紫外作用时,在能耗相等时,使大肠杆菌1h内光复活率降低了59%,在光复活率基本相等的情况下,使能耗降低50%;从经济性及水质的微生物安全性考虑,可采用US-UV作为污水厂出水消毒的技术。  相似文献   

16.
使用盛有水或砂浆的小面积方盘对平板砂浆蒸发速度进行了模拟测定计算,研究了小面积砂浆与平板砂浆蒸发速度之间的关系,得到了其在试件成型90min~6h之间平板砂浆与方盘砂浆蒸发速度的比值随时间变化的线性方程.通过测量小面积方盘砂浆的蒸发速度可以计算出实际平板砂浆的蒸发速度,由此可进一步研究蒸发速度对水泥基材料抗裂指数K的影响.  相似文献   

17.
Ultrasonic treatment can disintegrate sludge, enhance microbial activity and improve sludge dewaterability at different energy inputs. To find their relationship, the three phenomena during ultrasonic treatment were investigated synchronously, and an experimental model was established to describe the process of ultrasonic sludge disintegration. Analysis results showed that the changes of sludge microbial activity and dewaterability were dependent on sludge disintegration degree during ultrasonic treatment. When sludge disintegration degree was lower than 20%, sludge flocs were disintegrated into micro-floc aggregates and the microbial activity increased over 20%. When sludge disintegration degree was over 40%, most cells were destroyed at different degree, and sludge activity decreased drastically. Only when sludge disintegration degree was 2-5%, sludge dewaterability was improved with the conditioning of FeCl(3). It was also found that the sonication with low density and long duration was more efficient than sonication with high density and short duration at the same energy input for sludge disintegration, and a transmutative power function model can be used to describe the process of ultrasonic disintegration.  相似文献   

18.
网格对超声清洗槽内声场的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用网篮盛放待清洗工件是最常用的一种清洗方法,影响清洗效果的一个关键因素是清洗槽内的声场分布,而网篮的存在会影响超声清洗槽内声场的分布。从实用的角度研究了清洗网篮对超声清洗槽内声场的影响。在用驻波场理论对清洗槽内声场分布情况进行分析之后.实验上用水听器法和染色法分别测量了放人网格前后超声清洗槽内声场的分布特点。结果表明,当丝径远小于1/4波长时,网格的存在对声场分布的影响很小,只是引起声波传播能量不同程度的衰减。这项研究对使用清洗网篮的超声清洗具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

19.
为了使纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中良好稳定地分散,通过直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备平均粒径为106 nm的纳米锡粉,以十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚乙二醇为分散剂研究纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中的分散性能,分析分散时间、分散剂类型及含量对锡粉分散性能的影响。结果表明,不同分散剂的加入对锡粉颗粒在乙二醇水溶液中的分散稳定性都有所提高,随着超声时间的延长和分散剂浓度的增大,粉体的分散效果先增强后减弱;纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中的最佳分散工艺是加入质量分数为3%的十二烷基硫酸钠,超声时间为60 min。  相似文献   

20.
The closure process for packaging is a key process. It ensures the protective function of packaging and assures the packaged goods a long life. In this context, efficient and reliable sealing processes are essential for the production of sustainable packages. In this paper, several characteristics of the ultrasonic sealing process will be discussed and accompanied by experimental results. The introduction provides an insight into the ultrasonic sealing process, its heating mechanisms and the process steps. A comparison is made with conduction sealing. Furthermore, basic principles of heating and energy dissipation are related to the influences of the sealing parameters on the seam strength. The experimental studies were carried out on typical packaging films, such as polyamide‐polyethylene laminates. The seam strength in ultrasonic sealing is compared with that in conductive sealing. A lower seam strength was found for ultrasonic sealing in all the tested films. Furthermore, the sealing behaviour of the packaging films contaminated with different kinds of foods was analysed for both sealing methods. Although the ultrasonic sealing method has marginal advantages for bulk materials such as wheat flour, conduction sealing was shown to be better for other products. A comparison of the energy consumption during the ultrasonic and conduction sealing verified the advantages of ultrasonic sealing. In particular for thick packaging films, the amount of energy required for bonding is significantly lower than for conduction sealing. In summary, this paper provides a survey of the characteristics of the ultrasonic sealing method in packaging applications – its advantages and limitations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号