通用化的理论和设计方法（上）

本文从理性的角度,深入论述了通用化的概念,建立了通用化的关系模型和数学模型,给出了通用化对象的联系方式,归纳了通用化的借用、继承、压缩、开发、编号、定标6种形成模式,分析了通用化对象的范围和层次,建立了7种通用化设计技术的普遍方法和应用例子,这有利于指导通用化设计技术的发展,从通用化的相对与绝对、时间与空间、有利与不利等方面,深入讨论了通用化的关系。     

采用VRML的虚拟校园交互功能的实现

以某虚拟校园交互功能的实现为例,从信息获取、虚拟场景交互控制出发,探讨了VRML与HTML通信、VRML与JavaScript、VrmlScript在HTML中通信等技术,实现了校园内的各种数据、属性、图形的查询,实现了虚拟环境的工具菜单,实现了场景对象的移动、删除、修饰等,从而丰富了虚拟校园的交互手段,方便了用户的操作.     

产品零件的标准化策略（下）

本文研究提出了产品零件的标准化策略,分析了零件标准化策略的目的和利益,构建了零件资源资格认定与管理、零件资源使用、新零件研制、零件变更的零件标准化策略关系,论述了零件资源来源、资格认定、资源建设、资源管理的内容,建立了零件资源使用的管理关系,分别构建了零件资源资格认定和新零件研制的管理程序,分析了零件资源使用与标准化的关系,论述了零件替换、代替、取代的三种零件变更类型及其实施模式,论述了零件标准化策略应用的要求。     

通用化的理论和设计方法（下）

本文从理性角度,深入论述了通用化的概念,建立了通用化的关系模型和数学模型,给出了通用化对象的联系方式,归纳了通用化的借用、继承、压缩、开发、编号、定标6种形成模式,分析了通用化对象的范围和层次,建立了7种通用化设计技术的普遍方法和应用例子,这有利于指导通用化设计技术的发展,从通用化的相对与绝对、时间与空间、有利与不利等方面,深入讨论了通用化的关系。     

产品零件的标准化策略（上）

本文研究提出了产品零件的标准化策略,分析了零件标准化策略的目的和利益,构建了零件资源资格认定与管理、零件资源使用、新零件研制、零件变更的零件标准化策略关系,论述了零件资源来源、资格认定、资源建设、资源管理的内容,建立了零件资源使用的管理关系,分别构建了零件资源资格认定和新零件研制的管理程序,分析了零件资源使用与标准化的关系,论述了零件替换、代替、取代的三种零件变更类型及其实施模式,论述了零件标准化策略应用的要求。     

钒铁中硅、锰、铝、磷ICP-AES分析方法研究

研究了应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES法)测定钒铁中硅、锰、铝、磷元素,进行了试样分解试验,考察了基体、共存元素对被测元素的影响,确定了分析谱线、最佳工作参数,建立了同时测定硅、锰、磷、铝元素的分析方法,同时还进行了加标回收试验、精密度试验及准确度试验.     

定径机机架加工及检测方法探析

本文针对从供电局退回的智能电能表重新进行检定而设计的自动化检定流水线系统,增加了人工外观分拣的步骤,提出了兼容单相电能表、三相电能表、用电信息采集终端、不能上线表型等多种型式的表型的检定设计,通过优化设计,提高了检定效率,完善了系统功能,更大限度地发挥了自动化检定流水线模块化、自动化、智能化的特点,提高了检定质量,增加了检定产量。     

通用化的理论和设计方法(上)

本文从理性的角度,深入论述了通用化的概念,建立了通用化的关系模型和数学模型,给出了通用化对象的联系方式,归纳了通用化的借用、继承、压缩、开发、编号、定标6种形成模式,分析了通用化对象的范围和层次,建立了7种通用化设计技术的普遍方法和应用例子,这有利于指导通用化设计技术的发展,从通用化的相对与绝对、时间与空间、有利与不利等方面,深入讨论了通用化的关系。     

城市能源战略发展指标评价体系研究

本文针对城市能源战略发展指标,提出了指标设计的六大原则,构建了城市能源战略发展评价的二级指标体系以及相应的计算模型和方法,及时纳入能源新革命、新技术、新业态、新商业模式,涵盖了能源供给、能源消费、电能替代、能效提升、系统灵活、绿色低碳、创新发展、产业发展、安全可靠、经济效益、能源体制共十一个方面。该指标体系适合我国城市能源战略发展决策,笔者以张家口市为例进行了应用验证,对张家口市2017年现状进行了评价、对2020年以及2030年的能源战略发展进行了预测,指出该市具有较强基础、较大发展潜力以及亟待技术突破的领域,提出了城市能源发展目标和城市能源战略发展建议,为城市能源发展提供了指导方向。     

液压支架推移装置故障分析及改进措施

通过对液压支架推移装置的改进,杜绝了活塞杆表面受损、窜液、漏液、缸体变形、脚踏板上翘绊人脚等现象,保证了使用安全,降低了成本,减少了工作量,提高了工作效率和效益,得到了好评。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the