三元层状陶瓷Ti3SiC2的高温氧化行为

研究了以自蔓延准热等静压和热处理工艺制备出的高纯、致密的Ti3SiC2块体材料的高温氧化性能.采用XRD,SEM和EMPA分析了氧化膜表面形貌、组织结构和成分.研究结果表明,在1000℃的空气中,Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料具有优异的抗氧化性能,且恒温氧化行为与循环氧化行为相似.其在120h内的氧化动力学曲线趋近于直线-抛物线规律.随着氧化时间的延长,氧化膜由TiO2和SiO2混合物组成的单层结构逐渐过渡到双层结构.双层结构的内层为固溶了SiO2的TiO2层,而外层为纯金红石相.     

三元层状化合物Ti2 AlN在800℃,900℃和1000℃空气中的循环氧化行为

Ti、Al和TiN粉按化学计量比1:1:1配料,采用热压工艺在1300℃保温2h,30MPa压力下制备了Ti2AlN块体材料.研究了该材料在800℃,900℃和1000℃空气中的循环氧化行为.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对氧化层的相组成,厚度以及元素含量进行了测量和分析.结果表明:Ti2AlN在空气中的循环氧化行为基本上是符合抛物线规律,氧化层的主要成分是由TiO2和α-Al2O3组成.在温度高于800℃时,氧化膜由于氧化区域的热应力过大容易脱落.Ti2AlN材料在空气中的氧化性能明显低于Ti3AlC2和Ti3SiC2材料.     

离子注钇对Co-40Cr合金氧化行为及氧化膜/基体界面性能的影响研究

用热重分析对Co-40Cr合金及其离子注钇样品在1000℃时的恒温氧化及循环氧化动力学行为进行了研究。用扫描电镜对样品表面Cr2O3氧化膜形貌进行了观测。用声发射方法对不同样品表面氧化膜在恒温及随后空冷过程中的开裂与剥落进行实时监测。根据相应的氧化膜开裂模型，对声发射信号在时域和数域上的分布情况进行了分析。结果表明，离子注钇降低了Co-40Cr合金的恒温氧化速率，并显著提高了合金表面Cr2O3氧化膜的抗开裂和抗剥落性能，主要原因是钇细化了合金表面Cr2O3氧化膜的晶粒、提高了氧化膜的高温塑性和蠕变能力，并且显著降低了Cr2O3／Co-40Cr界面缺陷的数量和大小。     

微晶化对TiAl抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了微晶化对TiAl金属间化合物在800～900℃抗恒温及循环氧化性能的影响铸态和微晶TiAl在800～900℃下均形成TiO2和Al2O3的复合氧化物膜，恒温氧化动力学均近似服从抛物线规律，微晶化对TiAl的恒温氧化性能无明显影响，但微晶化通过改善氧化膜的粘附性提高了TiAl的抗循环氧化能力     

Ti3SiC2-64vol%SiC复相陶瓷高温氧化机理研究

采用热等静压原位合成了高致密的Ti3SiC2-64vol%SiC复相陶瓷.通过热重实验研究其在1100～1450℃中空气气氛的高温氧化行为和机理.研究显示,复相陶瓷的等温动力学曲线遵循抛物线型氧化或抛物线型-直线型氧化规律.SiC(64vol%)的引入显著提高了Ti3SiC2-SiC材料的抗氧化能力.XRD及SEM-EDS分析显示,氧化膜由外层金红石型TiO2和非晶态SiO2组成,过渡层为TiO2与SiO2混合物.高温下(1400℃),非晶态SiO2的形成改变了TiO2膜的生长形态,形成致密TiO2膜,有效阻碍了氧的扩散.长时间氧化其抛物线速率常数比在1200℃下氧化低一个数量级.材料在1400℃下的抗氧化性能明显优于在1200℃下的抗氧化性能.     

水解沉积--阳极氧化法形成Al-Ti复合氧化膜

通过含钛无机盐的水解沉积及高温热处理,铝电极箔表面形成高介电常数氧化物———TiO2 膜层,然后在己二酸铵溶液中恒电流阳极氧化,形成 Al Ti复合氧化膜。AFM观测了含钛无机盐水解沉积过程中,铝电极箔表面形貌的变化。在铬酸和磷酸的混合溶液中测试了氧化膜的耐电压随溶解时间的变化。通过SIMS检测了复合氧化膜中 Al3 、Ti4 的强度随溅射时间的变化。膜溶解试验及 SIMS 检测结果表明Al Ti复合氧化膜由 3 层组成,外层和中间层为 Al、Ti、O不同配比的混合物,内层则为纯的 Al2O3。铝电极箔比容随氧化膜耐电压的变化关系曲线表明,60V耐电压下,Al Ti复合氧化膜的比容提高率为51%。     

陶瓷添加物对Ti_3SiC_2基复合材料抗氧化性的影响

为研究陶瓷添加物对Ti3SiC2基复合材料性能的影响,首先,采用反应热压烧结法制备了Ti3SiC2材料及陶瓷添加物含量均为30wt%的SiC/Ti3SiC2、Al2O3/Ti3SiC2和MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料。然后,测试了材料的力学性能和导电性,在1 373~1 773K温度范围内对Ti3SiC2基复合材料的抗氧化性进行了研究,并对其烧结试样的物相组成和显微结构等进行了表征。结果表明:Ti3SiC2在高温氧化后的主要产物为TiO2和SiO2;氧化层分为内外2层,内层由TiO2与SiO2这2相混合组成,外层为TiO2;氧化层中存在大量显气孔,结构较为疏松,导致抗氧化性较差。与Al2O3/Ti3SiC2和MgAl2O4/Ti3SiC2复合材料相比,SiC/Ti3SiC2复合材料具有更好的抗氧化性。     

Ti_3SiC_2/SiC惰性阳极材料在Al电解中的电化学腐蚀速率

Ti3SiC2/SiC是工业熔盐铝电解生产中的主要阳极材料,当前对其电化学腐蚀研究报道不多。采用原位热压法制备了不同SiC含量的Ti3SiC2/SiC复合材料,研究了其在电解铝中的电化学腐蚀行为,并利用XRD和SEM进行了腐蚀产物和微观形貌分析。结果表明:SiC的含量对Ti3SiC2/SiC复合材料的腐蚀速率有较大的影响;Ti3SiC2/3SiC的腐蚀速率最小;阳极腐蚀产物主要是TiO2和少量的SiO2,其表面形成了一层致密的TiO2氧化膜,有效阻止了氧原子向基体扩散,组成为Ti3SiC2/3SiC的表面氧化膜致密度高,腐蚀程度最小;SiC的含量影响氧化膜的表面结构,进而影响着复合材料在电化学腐蚀中的抗腐蚀性能。     

化学修饰对NiTi形状记忆合金氧化膜的影响

用X光电子能谱（XPS）研究了NiTi形状记忆合金经酸、碱处理后表面氧化膜成分和结构的变化。结果表明，未经处理的NiTi合金表面最外层氧化膜主要由TiO2、TiO和少量的Ni组成，酸、碱处理后，最外层氧化膜由TiO2、Ni2O3组成，但经碱处理后，氧化膜的厚度大大增加。     

Ti60合金在650～750℃高温下的氧化行为

研究了Ti60合金(Ti-5．6A1-4．8Sn-2．0Zr-1．0Mo-0．85Nd-0．34Si)在650～750℃下的高温氧化行为；采用恒温或循环氧化增重方法、氧化速度常数、活度等理论计算研究了合金氧化的热力学和动力学规律；用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法，研究氧化膜的表面形貌和结构；采用俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析元素沿深度方向的分布，研究元素在氧化过程中的扩散行为。研究结果表明：Ti60合金在650℃和700℃有较好的抗氧化性能，其循环氧化动力学曲线基本上符合抛物线规律；在750℃，氧化严重，其循环氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线一直线规律。氧化层由金红石结构的TiO2氧化物和少量的Al2O3组成。氧化表面形貌为网篮状组织，这是由于α相和β相的成分和结构不同，界面扩散和体扩散差异导致的氧化程度不同所造成的。稀土第二相处氧化严重，表面裂纹大多产生于稀土第二相颗粒。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the