铝基超疏水表面的制备及其在包装方面的应用进展

在铝基体上构建具有特殊浸润性的超疏水表面,可以赋予其耐腐蚀、防覆冰、润滑减阻等功能,使其具有更大的应用价值和市场前景。制备铝基超疏水表面的方法主要有刻蚀法、阳极氧化法、沉积法、水热法等。化学刻蚀法、阳极氧化法和水热法等操作简单,应用范围广,但在制备过程中用到的强酸强碱等对环境和人体有害;激光刻蚀法等可以控制超疏水表面微观结构的形貌,但使用设备昂贵,难以大范围使用。为拓展超疏水表面的应用领域,开发简便方法制备多级微纳米粗糙结构、使用黏合层加固微观结构、构建自修复超疏水表面是未来的主要研究方向。     

仿生超疏水表面的构建及应用研究进展

超疏水表面是指水接触角大于150°,滚动角小于10°的表面。超疏水表面具有抗冰、耐腐蚀、防污损、隐身、防雾、油水分离等多种性能,在很多领域都具有良好的应用潜力以及必要的研究空间。本文对超疏水表面的理论基础进行了简要概述,着重总结了当前超疏水表面的构建方法,主要包括刻蚀法、模板法、静电纺丝、溶胶-凝胶法和电化学沉积法等方法,最后对超疏水表面的应用进展进行了介绍。     

非金属超疏水纳米涂层技术的研究进展

设备表面防水、防冰、防雾的需求在工业生产中随处可见,在其表面喷覆超疏水涂层是针对此类需求的有效解决方法。超疏水涂层的疏水性由材料表面的表面能和微纳粗糙结构两个因素决定,构筑超疏水涂层主要包括降低材料的表面能和改变微观结构两个方面。本文综述了国内外主要的非金属纳米材料,如石墨烯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛等制备超疏水涂层的方法,评价了不同纳米材料的适用范围。这类材料自身尺度是纳米级,易于构筑微纳粗糙结构和通过化学改性引入非极性共价官能团,降低材料的表面能。通过氧化还原、表面改性等方法引入疏水基团,通过自组装法、凝胶法、模板法、刻蚀法等进行结构组装,可制备接触角大于150°、滚动角小于5°的超疏水表面。分析了能够与纳米材料通过共价或非共价结合组成复合超疏水涂层的聚合物,增强涂层在力学、热学等方面的性能,扩展其应用范围。总结了近些年来在非金属超疏水纳米涂层领域的最新技术和进展,介绍了不同种类的纳米材料构筑超疏水表面的方法及其应用,为超疏水涂层的规模化生产提供可行的思路。     

超疏水纳米界面材料的制备及其研究进展

综述了国内外近年来制备超疏水表面的方法;重点介绍了4种简易制备粗糙表面的方法(溶胶-凝胶法、相分离法、化学气相沉积法、模板法),并探讨了其优缺点及发展方向;介绍了超疏水表面的应用,提出了未来超疏水表面制备所面临的问题.     

粒子涂覆法制备超疏水PVDF中空纤维膜

将刻蚀法和超滤涂覆法结合对膜表面进行疏水化处理.对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)粒子进行刻蚀,使其表面粗糙化,通过超滤方式将其涂覆在PVDF中空纤维膜表面,构建出微纳米粗糙结构的疏水膜表面,可获得表面接触角为159.7°的超疏水表面,同时膜孔不会被涂覆层堵塞.采用有一定溶解能力的分散液进行超滤涂覆,涂覆层和基膜之间发生溶剂化本体粘接,可明显提高涂覆层牢固性.PVDF粒子最佳刻蚀条件:刻蚀剂溶解度参数为19.11(J/cm~3)1/2,刻蚀时间为20min,温度为35℃.分散液溶解度参数为25.87(J/cm~3)1/2,粒子涂覆量为18.0g/m~2为最优涂覆条件.通过性能测试发现,涂覆膜表现出超疏水特性,同时其透水透气性能与原膜无明显变化.     

2A12铝合金基体超疏水表面制备及性能研究

铝合金在使用过程中极易引发基体腐蚀现象,如点蚀、晶间腐蚀等,为保障铝合金在腐蚀环境中的应用,可通过建立超疏水表面改变铝合金表面的润湿性,从而在一定程度上减少腐蚀液与铝合金表面的接触,进而改善耐蚀性。本文通过酸刻蚀和沸水刻蚀两种方法在铝合金表面构筑微纳米结构,并使用低表面能物质硬脂酸进行表面处理得到超疏水表面。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪、原子力显微镜分别对铝合金表面形貌、疏水性和粗糙度进行测试,得到两种方法的最佳制备时间,而后通过极化曲线对两种方法制备的铝合金表面耐蚀性能进行对比,进而研究两种刻蚀方法对铝合金耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明：酸刻蚀时间为15 s时,铝合金表面接触角达到峰值163.9°,呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,表面粗糙度增加了24倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.362 8 V;沸水刻蚀时间为1 min时,其表面接触角达到峰值109.6°,比空白样品疏水性强但未呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,经沸水刻蚀的铝合金表面粗糙度增加了4.4倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.074 8 V。两种方法处理得到的铝合金表面的耐蚀性与空白铝合金试样相比均有显著提高,而酸刻蚀法的缓蚀效...     

疏水/超疏水船用铝合金表面制备及其耐久性

采用溶胶-凝胶法将SiO2纳米粒子涂覆在抛光和经激光刻蚀的船用铝合金表面,制备疏水/超疏水铝合金表面。利用使试样负载并在砂纸上摩擦滑行的方法测试疏水/超疏水表面的耐久性,结果表明:抛光表面的接触角随SiO2浓度的增高而增大,最大可达150.8°,但表面对水滴具有强黏附力。当摩擦滑行距离达到10m时,接触角小于铝合金表面原始接触角72.3°;激光刻蚀的网格和点阵微结构表面既具有超疏水特性又呈现出低黏附力;且网格表面的接触角更大,最大达155.4°,滚动角更小,最小仅为0.34°。当摩擦滑行距离达到10m时,表面依然疏水,且网格微结构的耐久性更强。     

制备超疏水表面的研究进展

综述了国内外近年来制备超疏水表面的方法,重点介绍3种简易制备粗糙表面的技术（相分离技术、模板技术、溶胶．凝胶法）,探讨了3种制备方法中不同种类的优缺点及发展方向,最后展望了超疏水表面的应用,提出了未来超疏水表面制备所面临的问题。     

自愈性超疏水表面的方法及应用进展

近些年,受自然界中具有超疏水性表面的动植物的启发,在结合外部环境的影响并充分考虑表面化学组成与表面微观结构的基础上,科学研究工作者们已经探究出超疏水性表面的制备方法,并成功制备出超疏水性能表面。但由于其在化学侵蚀或机械性磨损下所表现的较差的耐久性,导致其在实际应用中受到了很大限制。受荷叶对物理损伤的超疏水性的再生能力的启发,超疏水和自愈性的组合可能是解决这一问题的有效手段。主要介绍了构造自愈性超疏水表面的原理,以及其目前的应用情况,并对超疏水未来的发展进行了展望。     

化学刻蚀对超疏水表面性能的影响研究

以金属铝合金为基底,分别以氯化铜、氢氧化钠及盐酸为刻蚀液,利用十七氟葵基三乙氧基硅烷为疏水剂,制备了不同疏水性能的表面,考察了化学刻蚀液对表面疏水性能的影响。结果表明:在中低温环境中,使用氯化铜或低浓度氢氧化钠对铝合金表面进行刻蚀,其后将其浸渍在含低表面能的有机溶剂中即能制备出具有超疏水性的表面。扫描电镜图表明,利用上述方法制备的表面具有微纳米二级疏水结构。表面疏水性能随刻蚀液浓度的增加而增强,表面接触角随刻蚀时间及刻蚀温度的增加而增大。     

Construct hierarchical superhydrophobic silicon surfaces by chemical etching

We present a simple approach for preparing hydrophobic silicon surfaces by constructing silicon nanowire arrays using Ag-assisted chemical etching without low-surface-energy material modification. The static and dynamic wetting properties of the nanostructured surfaces and their dependence on etching conditions were studied. It was revealed that the surface topologies of silicon nanowire arrays and their corresponding wetting properties could be tuned by varying the etching time. Under optimized etching conditions, superhydrophobic surfaces with an apparent contact angle larger than 150 degrees and a sliding angle smaller than 10 degrees were achieved due to the formation of a hierarchical structure. The origin of hydrophobic behavior was discussed based on Wenzel and Cassie models. In addition, the effects of surface modification of Si surface nanostructures on their hydrophobic characteristics were also investigated.     

SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的制备

采用化学刻蚀法在SiC/Al复合材料表面构筑微纳结构,通过SEM和表面接触角测量仪分析刻蚀表面的微观形貌特征及润湿特性,并探讨了其与刻蚀时间之间的关系;借助热震试验评价SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的温度骤变耐受特性。结果表明:弥散分布的微米级SiC颗粒的存在使得刻蚀后的SiC/Al复合材料表面易形成由微米级粒状结构和纳米级凹坑结构复合而成的微观结构;氟硅烷修饰后的蚀刻表面的接触角最高达到166.8°,滚动角最低为3°,具有很好的超疏水特性;SiC/Al基超疏水表面具有较好的耐受温度骤变特性。     

Micro/nano engineering on stainless steel substrates to produce superhydrophobic surfaces

Creating micro-/nano-scale topography on material surfaces to change their wetting properties has been a subject of much interest in recent years. Wenzel in 1936 and Cassie and Baxter in 1944 proposed that by microscopically increasing the surface roughness of a substrate, it is possible to increase its hydrophobicity. This paper reports the fabrication of micro-textured surfaces and nano-textured surfaces, and the combination of both on stainless steel substrates by sandblasting, thermal evaporation of aluminum, and aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si). Meanwhile, fluorinated carbon films were used to change the chemical composition of the surfaces to render the surfaces more hydrophobic. These surface modifications were investigated to create superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates. The topography resulting from these surface modifications was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry. The wetting properties of these surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement. The results of this study show that superhydrophobic surfaces can be produced by either micro-scale surface texturing or nano-scale surface texturing, or the combination of both, after fluorinated carbon film deposition.     

Controllable hybrid side-polishing method (CHPM) for optical fibers by combination of polishing and etching

We introduce the controllable hybrid polishing method (CHPM), which is a combination of enhanced side-polishing and etching methods, leading to a more controllable and precise clad polishing process for optical fibers. The two key advantages of CHPM are enabling of real-time monitoring of the etching process with a resolution of ~100 nm and fabrication of a 34% smoother polished surface than that of traditional polishing methods. Bearing in mind that these two factors are very important for the fabrication of any polished fiber devices, such as plasmonic sensors, the CHPM should prove highly useful in related industrial and scientific applications.     

Fabricating superhydrophobic polymer surfaces with excellent abrasion resistance by a simple lamination templating method

Fabricating robust superhydrophobic surfaces for commercial applications is challenging as the fine-scale surface features, necessary to achieve superhydrophobicity, are susceptible to mechanical damage. Herein, we report a simple and inexpensive lamination templating method to create superhydrophobic polymer surfaces with excellent abrasion resistance and water pressure stability. To fabricate the surfaces, polyethylene films were laminated against woven wire mesh templates. After cooling, the mesh was peeled from the polymer creating a 3D array of ordered polymer microposts on the polymer surface. The resulting texture is monolithic with the polymer film and requires no chemical modification to exhibit superhydrophobicity. By controlling lamination parameters and mesh dimensions, polyethylene surfaces were fabricated that exhibit static contact angles of 160° and slip angles of 5°. Chemical and mechanical stability was evaluated using an array of manual tests as well as a standard reciprocating abraser test. Surfaces remained superhydrophobic after more than 5500 abrasion cycles at a pressure of 32.0 kPa. In addition, the surface remains dry after immersing into water for 5 h at 55 kPa. This method is environmental friendly, as it employs no solvents or harsh chemicals and may provide an economically viable path to manufacture large areas of mechanically robust superhydrophobic surfaces from inexpensive polymers and reusable templates.     

Wettability control of ZnO nanoparticles for universal applications

Herein, a facile approach for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic nanocoating through a simple spin-coating and chemical modification is demonstrated. The resulting coated surface displayed a static water contact angle of 158° and contact angle hysteresis of 1°, showing excellent superhydrophobicity. The surface wettability could be modulated by the number of ZnO nanoparticle coating cycles, which in turn affected surface roughness. Because of its surface-independent characteristics, this method could be applicable to a wide range of substrates including metals, semiconductors, papers, cotton fabrics, and even flexible polymer substrates. This superhydrophobic surface showed high stability in thermal and dynamic conditions, which are essential elements for practical applications. Furthermore, the reversible switching of wetting behaviors from the superhydrophilic state to the superhydrophobic state was demonstrated using repeated chemical modification/heat treatment cycles of the coating films.     

Multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from basalt scales on a fluorocarbon coating base

Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceed-ingly hydrated environments.However,concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment.This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings,with multifunctional capa-bilities,in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments.Here,a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated NaOH,as well as fluori-nation with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales,having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy.The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin,pre-deposited on a metal substrate,to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating(3 μL water droplet;contact angle=165.1°,rolling angle=0.7°),easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance,UV-aging resistance,salt spray resistance,corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.     

A combined etching process toward robust superhydrophobic SiC surfaces

Large-scale porous SiC was fabricated by a combination of Pt-assisted etching and reactive ion etching. It was found that the surface roughness of combined etchings increased dramatically in comparison with metal-assisted etching or reactive ion etching only. To reduce the surface energy, the porous SiC surface was functionalized with perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane, resulting in a superhydrophobic SiC surface with a contact angle of 169.2°?and a hysteresis of 2.4°. The superhydrophobicity of the SiC surface showed a good long-term stability in an 85?°C/85% humidity chamber. Such superhydrophobicity was also stable in acidic or basic solutions, and the pH values showed little or no effect on the SiC surface status. In addition, enhancement of porosity-induced photoluminescence intensity was found in the superhydrophobic SiC samples. The robust superhydrophobic SiC surfaces may have a great potential for microfluid device, thermal ground plane, and biosensor applications.