非平衡磁控溅射沉积TiN/Ti-O复合薄膜机械性能研究

本文利用非平衡磁控溅射设备,采用四种不同的TiN到Ti-O的过渡方式,在Si(100)和Ti6A14V基体上制备了TiN/Ti-O薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析薄膜的结构;使用AMBIOSXP-2台阶仪检测薄膜应力;利用XDl000B knoop型显微硬度仪、瑞士CSEM销盘摩擦磨损实验机、WS-97系统划痕实验机对薄膜的力学性能进行检测.结果表明,在钛合金表面制备TiN薄膜后,逐渐降低N2流量至0 sccm,沉积一层Ti膜,再用逐渐通入O2制备Ti-O薄膜的工艺制备的TiN/Ti-N/Ti/Ti-O薄膜具有较好的力学性能.     

TiN/Ti多层膜韧性对摩擦学性能的影响

考察了TiN/Ti多层膜韧性对其摩擦学性能的影响.采用磁过滤阴极弧沉积的方法制备了具有不同Ti子层厚度的TiN/Ti多层膜.用透射电镜对其层状结构及子层厚度进行了观察和分析,分别用Rockwell硬度计和UMT摩擦磨损试验机,进行了压痕测试和摩擦磨损实验.结果表明,TiN/Ti多层膜中Ti子层的加人显著提高了多层膜的韧性,相对TiN单层薄膜,当载荷较大时,多层膜的耐磨性有明显的改善.结合实验结果,讨论了TiN/Ti多层膜韧性对其耐磨性的影响.     

在室温条件下制备高质量纳米结构TiN薄膜研究

在室温条件下,利用磁过滤等离子体在单晶硅和不锈钢表面上制备了性能优异的纳米结构TiN薄膜.运用原子力显微镜和掠角入射X射线衍射仪对其结构与形貌进行了表征,利用纳米压痕仪测量了TiN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量.结果表明:TiN薄膜表面光滑,致密,无柱状晶;TiN晶粒的平均尺寸为50nm,薄膜硬度达50 GPa,是传统CVD和PVD技术沉积氮化钛的两倍多;XRD衍射试验表明,纳米TiN的衍射角都普遍向小角度移动,TiN晶粒沿(111)择优生长.     

医用镍钛合金表面多层薄膜的制备及摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能

采用阳极氧化技术和射频磁控溅射技术在NiTi合金表面分别制备了TiO2薄膜以及Ti/TiN/TiO2多层薄膜。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、摩擦磨损试验仪及电化学工作站等仪器对薄膜的形貌、结构、摩擦磨损性能及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,NiTi合金经表面处理后,其摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能均得以不同程度的改善,其中阳极氧化和磁控溅射复合处理的NiTi合金的耐磨性和耐蚀性具有最佳的配合。     

电弧离子镀TiN薄膜的往复滑动摩擦学行为研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在不锈钢基片上沉积了TiN薄膜,利用显微硬度计测量了薄膜的表面硬度.采用球-盘式摩擦磨损实验机对比研究了基片和薄膜在与GCr15配副的情况下,二者在空气中干磨擦状态下的摩擦磨损性能;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量衍射谱仪(EDS)和表面粗糙度台阶轮廓仪对薄膜的磨损区域进行了微观分析.实验结果表明,随着法向载荷和往复速率的增大,薄膜和基体的摩擦系数都减小,但薄膜的摩擦系数始终小于基体的摩擦系数.不锈钢基体与GCr15配副时,基体磨损较大,此时的磨损机制是犁削磨损和磨料磨损;而TiN薄膜与GCr15配副时,薄膜不仅无磨损,而且其表面将形成一层具有润滑作用的移着膜,此时的磨损机制主要是磨料磨损,因此在不锈钢基体上沉积TiN薄膜有利于提高基体的耐磨性.     

TiAlN和TiCrAlN薄膜的制备和耐磨性能

采用电弧离子镀和非平衡磁控溅射镀膜技术沉积TiAlN,TiCrAlN薄膜和TiCrAlN/TiCrN复合薄膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察薄膜表面形貌和磨痕形貌,X射线衍射(XRD)检测薄膜结构,俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)分析薄膜成分,摩擦磨损试验评价薄膜的耐磨损性能。实验结果表明,采用Ti/TiN复合膜过渡层,可有效提高薄膜与基体的结合性能;采用磁控溅射与电弧离子镀复合技术制备的TiCrAlN/TiCrN薄膜表面较光滑、粗糙度小,与基体结合强度较高,仅产生较轻微的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,具有较优的耐磨性能,适合用于刀具表面处理。     

非平衡磁控溅射氮化钛薄膜及其性能研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射技术,在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面沉积氮化钛薄膜。通过改变氮气和氩气分压比(PN/PAr)和基体偏压,制备出不同结构、性能的氮化钛薄膜。采用X射线衍射技术、原子力显微镜、PS-168型电化学测量系统、CSEM球盘摩擦磨损实验机、HXD-1000 knoop显微硬度仪等研究了薄膜的结构、表面形貌、耐腐蚀性能与机械性能。结果表明,采用非平衡磁控溅射技术制备出了致密的氮化钛薄膜。当PN/PAr较小时,氮化钛薄膜中存在Ti2N时,Ti2N相可以有效提高薄膜的硬度和耐磨损性能;当PN/PAr增加到0.1时,薄膜硬度达到最大,耐磨损性能最优;随着PN/PAr的继续增大,氮化钛薄膜中主要存在TiN相,氮化钛薄膜的复合硬度和耐磨损性能降低。在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面沉积氮化钛薄膜可以显著提高其在Hanks类体液中的耐腐蚀性能。     

高速钢上磁控溅射氮化碳薄膜的摩擦学性能研究

采用磁控溅射法在高速钢(HSS)基片上制备了氮化碳(CNx/TiN)复合薄膜,并采用球-盘式摩擦试验法对其摩擦学性能进行了研究.通过分析薄膜的摩擦系数变化曲线,并辅之以薄膜摩擦表面形貌的显微观察分析以及EDS微区成分分析,对薄膜的摩擦学性能进行了表征.结果表明,CNx/TiN复合薄膜与对偶球(Si3N4)之间的摩擦系数约为0.3.具有较好的减摩性能,但复合薄膜的耐磨性能受制备工艺的影响较大.沉积合适的TiN/Ti过渡层可以显著提高薄膜的耐磨性能.薄膜的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损与黏着磨损以及疲劳磨损相互结合.     

高温化学气相沉积TiC/Ti(CxN1-x)/TiN层的组织结构及摩擦磨损性能

Ti(CxN1-x)涂层具有硬度大、强度高、耐磨等性能,而目前采用化学气相沉积法在不锈钢表面制备Ti(CxN1-x)多层涂层的报道较少。用高温化学气相沉积法在316L不锈钢表面分别制备了TiN单层涂层和TiC/Ti(CxN1-x)/TiN多层涂层,比较分析了2种涂层的显微形貌、相结构、硬度、界面结合力及耐磨性能。结果表明:TiC/Ti(CxN1-x)/TiN多层涂层结构致密,厚约10μm;TiN单层及TiC/Ti(CxN1-x)/TiN多层涂层均提高了316L不锈钢的硬度、耐磨性;与TiN单层涂层相比,TiC/Ti(CxN1-x)/TiN多层涂层的显微硬度和界面结合力更好,摩擦系数更低,磨损量更小,耐磨减摩性能更好;2种涂层的磨损破坏机制较一致,主要为磨粒磨损和摩擦氧化。     

35CrMo钢表面化学气相沉积多层硬质涂层的结构与性能研究

采用化学气相沉积法在35CrMo钢基表面制备TiC/TiN双层、TiC(CN)/TiN和TiC/Ti(CN)/TiN/Al2O3多层硬质涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、多功能表面力学性能试验仪和摩擦磨损试验仪测试分析了涂层的组成结构、粗糙度和表面力学性能.结果表明:三种硬质涂层表面较均匀、致密,具有高硬度、低摩擦系数等特点,较大提高了35CrMo钢的耐磨擦磨损性能.相比TiC/TiN双层,多层涂层具有更好的力学和耐磨性能,其中多层TiC/Ti(CN)/TiN的摩擦系数最小,耐磨损性能最好,原因主要归于TC/Ti(CN)/TiN涂层具有较高的显微硬度(2559HV)和良好的膜基界面结合力(70N).     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

甲壳素与壳聚糖的改性及应用

甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物是一种天然高分子,随着对其研究的深入发展,涉及的内容和应用范围越来越广泛.概述了甲壳素、壳聚糖的结构、性质及其化学改性和共混改性的方法,简单介绍了它们的应用领域.     

ATP-Responsive and ATP-Fueled Self-Assembling Systems and Materials

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central metabolite that plays an indispensable role in various cellular processes, from energy supply to cell-to-cell signaling. Nature has developed sophisticated strategies to use the energy stored in ATP for many metabolic and non-equilibrium processes, and to sense and bind ATP for biological signaling. The variations in the ATP concentrations from one organelle to another, from extracellular to intracellular environments, and from normal cells to cancer cells are one motivation for designing ATP-triggered and ATP-fueled systems and materials, because they show great potential for applications in biological systems by using ATP as a trigger or chemical fuel. Over the last decade, ATP has been emerging as an attractive co-assembling component for man-made stimuli-responsive as well as for fuel-driven active systems and materials. Herein, current advances and emerging concepts for ATP-triggered and ATP-fueled self-assemblies and materials are discussed, shedding light on applications and highlighting future developments. By bringing together concepts of different domains, that is from supramolecular chemistry to DNA nanoscience, from equilibrium to non-equilibrium self-assembly, and from fundamental sciences to applications, the aim is to cross-fertilize current approaches with the ultimate aim to bring synthetic ATP-dependent systems closer to living systems.     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

缩径挤压工艺及模具设计

根据零件成形特点,分析了成形前的坯料加工工艺,找出了坯料加工与挤压成形的切入点,设计了正挤缩径与反挤成形组合工艺装置,综述了缩径挤压模具的设计要点、模具结构、工作原理及实际应用效果。     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。