氧化铝粉体表面纳米化修饰及其在耐磨涂层中的应用

在低温条件(80℃)下,以钛酸丁酯为原料,利用胶溶–回流法在氧化铝粉体表面制备了纳米TiO2颗粒.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X光电子能谱仪、BET等检测手段对复合颗粒的表面形貌、包覆层相组成、比表面积等进行了表征.结果表明,纳米TiO2颗粒在微粉表面形成纳米薄膜修饰层,包覆层主要为锐钛矿型相,表面纳米化修饰后氧化铝粉体表面的粗糙度显著增加,比表面积较包覆前提高了30倍以上.将经表面纳米化修饰后的微粉应用于以有机硅改性环氧树脂为基体的耐磨涂层中,其磨损失重仅为包覆前复合耐磨涂层的55%,耐磨性显著提高,并初步讨论了复合耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能.     

无机矿物填料表面纳米化修饰及性能表征

采用化学方法对无机矿物填料表面进行包覆改性，制备出具有表面纳米化结构的复合矿物颗粒，有效地改善了原有颗粒的表面形貌，提高了比表面积，通过搅拌磨湿法研磨，讨论了包覆颗粒与基体的结合方式，初步证明了包覆颗粒与基体的结合方式为化学吸附而非物理吸附，两者结合牢固，包覆层不易脱落，包覆矿物颗粒在聚丙烯（PP）中填充，其复合材料的力学性能有较大的改善。     

纳米Mg(OH)_2包覆粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体的制备及表征

为了解决粉煤灰空心微珠白度不高的问题,以粉煤灰空心微珠煅烧样为原料,以NaOH和MgSO_4为包覆剂,采用非均匀形核法制备了一种纳米Mg(OH)_2包覆粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体材料;采用白度仪、粒度仪、比表面积仪、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体进行表征;研究不同工艺条件对复合粉体白度的影响。结果表明:当包覆量(Mg(OH)_2与粉煤灰空心微珠质量之比)为50%,包覆剂双加,反应温度为80℃时,空心微珠白度由27.1%提高至51.2%,粒径D98由60.81μm增大至66.72μm,比表面积由4.512 m~2/g增大到31.697 m~2/g。XRD、SEM测试结果表明:空心微珠表面包覆了纳米片状Mg(OH)_2。该复合粉体有望应用在塑料填料和污水处理领域。     

壳核结构纳米Fe包覆玻璃微珠复合材料的制备

以金属盐、柠檬酸和玻璃微珠等为原料,采用非均相沉淀-热还原法制备了纳米金属铁包覆空心玻璃微珠壳-核复合材料。采用SEM/EDS、XRD对包覆前后的复合微球进行了表征,分析了表面活性剂和加料速度对壳-核微球的形成、形貌和物相的影响。结果表明,在优化的工艺条件下,可以制备出晶粒尺寸约为50.2nm的纯铁均匀包覆的壳-核结构复合材料,包覆层显示出均匀、光滑和紧密的特点,包覆层Fe原子为体心立方结构。表面活性剂的加入提高了颗粒分散均匀性,促进了包覆层的形成。随着碳酸氢铵滴加速度的增大,引起均相沉淀的发生,在颗粒表面形成凸起。     

复合处理碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料力学性能

采用浓硝酸氧化和聚酰亚胺(PI)包覆复合方法对短切碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性,提高CF增强热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料(CF/TPI)力学性能。采用比表面积及孔容分析、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪研究了CF表面处理前后结构和形貌的变化。结果表明：CF经浓HNO₃处理后比表面积增加144.2%,CF表面沟壑加深;复合处理后有PI层包覆在 CF表面;包覆处理后CF耐热性能提高。力学性能测试表明,经过包覆处理后CF/TPI复合材料的拉伸强度比未处理的提高11.34%,弹性模量提高109.2%,弯曲强度提高18.78%,冲击强度提高74.15%。     

空心玻璃微珠表面包覆Ni-P／Co-Fe-P复合镀层的研究

通过化学镀在空心玻璃微珠（HGM）表面沉积了镍磷合金颗粒镀层，利用偶联取代传统的粗化处理，结合适当的镀覆工艺实现了镀层与微珠的紧密结合并达到了均匀完整包覆；在此基础上，进行了镍磷镀层表面湿化学还原法包覆钴铁合金的研究。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及振动样品磁强计对包覆层的形貌、组成、晶体结构和改性后微珠的静磁性能进行了分析测试。结果表明，复合镀层由非晶态合金组成，其中镍磷镀层为单层颗粒膜，而后续沉积的钴铁合金镀层呈条带状生长于镍磷镀层表面；沉积钴铁合金后微珠的磁性有了明显改善。     

化学镀法制备纳米Ni-B包覆Al复合粉末

以硼氢化钾(KBH4)为还原剂,采用化学镀法制备了纳米Ni-B包覆Al复合粉末,研究了镀液组分及工艺对包覆效果的影响,获得了制备复合粉末的优化条件。采用SEM,XRD,ICP和BET对复合粉末的表面形貌、物相结构、元素组成和比表面积进行了表征分析。结果表明:纳米Ni-B在Al表面包覆连续、均匀,且纳米Ni-B呈非晶态,粒径80~100nm,化学组成约为Ni72B28,纳米Ni-B/Al复合粉末比表面积达到了26.21m2.g-1。     

硅酸铝- 硅灰石复合粉体材料的制备及其在聚丙烯中的应用

以硅灰石为原料,以硫酸铝和水玻璃为包覆剂,采用化学沉淀法,制备了一种纳米硅酸铝- 硅灰石复合粉体材料;用氨基硅烷对该材料进行表面改性后填充聚丙烯制备了聚丙烯复合材料。采用 SEM、BET氮吸附比表面积仪、粒度仪、白度仪、XRD、EDX、FTIR等测试方法对复合及表面改性粉体材料进行了表征,并探讨了氨基硅烷改性复合粉体的机制。结果表明：硅灰石表面均匀地包覆了一层纳米硅酸铝,白度由90.5提高到92.5,比表面积由1.41m2/g提高到4.78m2/g,晶粒平均尺寸为54 nm;填充 PP质量分数40%的改性复合粉体可以使纯PP的拉伸强度由17.81 MPa 提高到 21.97 MPa,弯曲强度由23.72 MPa 提高到39.20 MPa,热变形温度由65.7℃ 提高到94.3℃。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备空心微珠表面钡铁氧体包覆层的研究

铁氧体是微波吸收材料的主要成分之一,应用非常广泛,但由于铁氧体比重较大,制成吸波材料难以满足吸收频带宽、质量轻、厚度薄的要求,因此实际使用的铁氧体吸波涂层往往不是单一的铁氧体涂层,而是通过复合制备成复合铁氧体吸波涂层.以质量轻、化学性能稳定的热电厂粉煤灰空心微珠为基体,以硝酸铁、硝酸钡和柠檬酸为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法在空心微珠表面包覆钡铁氧体涂层,并用差热分析仪(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行了分析表征,结果表明用溶胶-凝胶法在空心微珠表面能均匀地包覆一层薄的M-型钡铁氧体涂层.     

空心微珠表面化学沉积Co—P合金研究

利用化学镀工艺在粉煤灰空心微珠表面均匀、完整地包覆磁性Co-P合金层,成功制备出新型轻质的复合导电粉体.使用XRD、EDS、SEM和镶嵌金相的方法对样品进行形貌观察和分析表征,并讨论了镀液温度、pH值和稳定剂浓度对沉积效率的影响.结果表明,空心微珠经过敏化-活化的表面预处理后,利用化学镀方法可以得到均匀、包覆完整的Co-P合金层,并且出现了新的晶化相α-Co单质.T=90℃、pH=10.2和加入适量的硫脲是使反应良好进行的最佳工艺参数.     

纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料及其性能分析

为研究纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料的性能特点,通过磁控溅射法先后将Ti6Al4V界面改性层和基体Cu涂层涂覆到SiC纤维表面,并通过真空热压法将被涂覆的纤维制备成SiCf/Cu复合材料.对Ti6Al4V涂层、Cu涂层以及复合材料进行了微观分析,并测试了复合材料的拉伸强度.研究表明,复合材料的Cu基体由致密而细小的晶粒组成;Ti6Al4V提高了纤维/基体界面结合强度,复合材料轴向抗拉强度高达500 MPa,界面脱粘主要发生在纤维表面的碳涂层与纤维之间.     

Interfacial reactions in K2Ti6O13(w)/Al2O3/Al composite

Abstract

A pure Al matrix composite, reinforced by potassium titanate whiskers coated with sol–gel alumina, was fabricated by squeeze casting. Good interface bonding was achieved in the coated composite. Interfacial reactions in the composite were found to be less severe than those in an uncoated composite, owing to the barrier effect of sol–gel -Al₂O₃ coating. After the composite was thermally exposed at 530°C for 30 h, the alumina coating still restrained the decomposition of the whisker structure, and thus prevented a decrease in the strength of the composite. However, after a thermal exposure at 700°C for 10 h, the coating was no longer held on whisker surfaces. Mechanical testing showed that tensile fracturing of the coated composite tended to occur at the coating/matrix interface where the interfacial bonding is weaker than at the coating/whisker interface.     

等离子喷涂制备HA/ZrO2复合涂层

采用等离子喷涂技术,在Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ基体上成功地制备了羟基磷灰石／氧化锆（ＨＡ／ＺｒＯ_２）复合涂层,对涂层的微观结构、相组成和结合强度进行了研究,并以模拟体液试验评估涂层的生物活性．结果表明,复合涂层具有较为均匀的微观结构．ＨＡ／ＺｒＯ_２复合涂层的结合强度明显高于 ＨＡ涂层, ＨＡ／６０ ｗｔ％ ＺｒＯ_２涂层的结合强度高达 ２８．５ＭＰａ,为 ＨＡ涂层的 ２．２倍．复合涂层在模拟体液中浸泡一段时间后,表面覆盖一层碳酸磷灰石（ｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ－ａｐａｔｉｔｅ）,表明涂层具有良好的生物活性．     

预镀镍对化学镀Ni-P-PTFE复合涂层结构和性能的影响

本文研究了预镀镍过程中不同电流密度和不同沉积时间下形成的预镀镍层对Ni-PPTFE(Poly tetra fluoro ethylene)复合涂层的微观结构和力学性能的影响。首先对304不锈钢基体进行合理的前处理,然后在基体上闪镀一层镍,最后在基体上进行化学镀Ni-P-PTFE复合涂层。通过控制预镀镍过程中的电流密度和沉积时间,利用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪、WS-2005涂层自动划痕仪、HSR-2M摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:不同电流密度和不同沉积时间下形成的预镀镍层对Ni-P-PTFE复合涂层的微观组织、涂层硬度、结合力和摩擦系数都具有较大的影响。当电流密度为3.3A/dm~2,沉积时间为6min时,NiP-PTFE复合涂层的综合性能最佳,复合涂层的表面光滑均匀,其硬度和结合强度分别达到3.874GPa和27.45N,表面摩擦系数为0.145。     

两步电沉积法制备HA-Ti/HA复合涂层的研究

为了提高金属基羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层的结合强度,采用复合电沉积一电沉积两步法在含Ti粉的钙磷电解液中制备HA—Ti／HA复合涂层,对涂层的组分结构、表面形貌、热稳定性、结合强度和生物活性进行了研究．实验结果表明：两步法制备的底层为HA—Ti复合涂层,外层为纯HA涂层的HA—Ti／HA复合涂层既提高了涂层的结合强度,又保证了涂层的生物活性．当涂层中Ti粉的质量分数为51．2wt％时,涂层与基体的结合强度达到21．2MPa,约为纯HA涂层的3倍．模拟体液浸泡7天后,涂层表面即被一层球状碳磷灰石覆盖,具有良好的生物活性,与纯HA涂层相比,复合涂层具有更好的耐蚀性能．     

等离子喷涂制备HA/ZrO2复合涂层

采用等离子喷涂技术,在Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ基体上成功地制备了羟基磷灰石／氧化锆（ＨＡ／ＺｒＯ２）复合涂层,对涂层的微观结构,相组成和结合强度进行了研究,并以模拟体液试验评估涂层的生物活性,结果表明,复合涂层较有较为微观结构,ＨＡ／ＺｒＯ２复合涂层的结合强度明显高于ＨＡ涂层,ＨＡ／６０ｗｔ％ＺｒＯ２涂层的结合强度高达２８．５ＭＰａ,为ＨＡ涂层的２．２倍,复合涂层在模拟体液中浸泡一段时间后,表面覆盖一层     

ZrO2/hydroxyapatite coating on titanium by electrolytic deposition

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated on a titanium (Ti) substrate over a ZrO(2) layer by the electrolytic deposition method, this double layer coating was then compared with a single layer coating of HA. The HA layer was used to increase the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of the Ti substrate, and the ZrO(2) layer was intended to improve the bonding strength between the HA layer and Ti substrate, and to prevent the corrosion of the Ti substrate. The electrolytic deposition formed an HA layer with a thicknesses of approximately 20 mum, which adhered tightly to the Ti substrate. The bonding strength of the HA/ZrO(2) double layer coating on Ti was markedly improved when compared to that of the HA single coating on Ti. The improvement in bonding strength with the use of a ZrO(2) base layer was attributed to the resulting increase in chemical affinity of the ZrO(2) to the HA layer and to the Ti substrate. The osteoblast-like cells cultured on the HA/ZrO(2) coating surface, proliferated in a similar manner to those on the HA single coating and on the pure Ti surfaces. At the same time, the corrosion resistance of Ti was improved by the presence of the ZrO(2) coating, as shown by a potentiodynamic polarization test.     

沉积电压对Hap-PAM生物涂层结构及性能的影响

为了提高生物惰性材料C/C的生物活性以及C/C基体与生物活性材料羟基磷灰石(HAp)的结合强度, 以丙烯酰胺单体(AM)和声化学制备的纳米HAp为原料, 异丙醇为分散介质, 采用水热电泳聚合沉积法在C/C复合材料表面制备了羟基磷灰石-聚丙烯酰胺(HAp-PAM)生物复合涂层。用XRD、 TEM、 SEM、 FTIR、 力学性能测试等手段对涂层的相组成、 官能团、 断面的微观形貌及结合强度进行了测试和表征, 研究了水热沉积电压对复合涂层结构和性能的影响。结果表明: 随着沉积电压的升高, 涂层中HAp的衍射峰呈现先增强后减小的趋势, PAM的衍射峰逐渐消失; 涂层的结合强度随着电压的升高先增强后减小。沉积电压为150 V时, 涂层的致密性和均匀性达到最佳, 涂层的厚度以及涂层与基体的结合强度分别达到最大值25 μm 和19 MPa。      

钛合金表面K2Ti6O13w涂层的制备及其生物活性

K2Ti6O13晶须不仅具有优越的力学性能和良好的生物学特性,而且具有与常规Ti合金相近的膨胀系数。本研究尝试选用K2Ti6O13晶须（K2Fi6O13w）作为生物活性涂层材料,利用BCC方法（混合-包埋-煅烧）在Ti合金基体上成功制备了K2Ti6O13w涂层,并对涂层的表面形态、结合强度和生物活性进行了研究。结果表明,涂层由K2Ti6O13晶须和少量的TiO2和K2Ti6O9组成,其表面粗糙多孔。由于膨胀系数的良好匹配,涂层与基体之间具有较高的结合强度,达24MPa。模拟体液培养后,涂层表面沉积了一层多孔的骨状羟基磷灰石,它由平均直径20nm,长200nm的羟基磷灰石纳米线组成,这表明钛酸钾涂层具有良好的生物活性。涂层较高的生物活性与其独特的生化特性和组分密切相关。     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of die casting AZ91D-Fly ash cenosphere composites

The feasibility of incorporating fly ash cenospheres in die cast magnesium alloy has been demonstrated. The effects of fly ash cenosphere additions on the microstructure and some of the salient physical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy (AZ91D) metal matrix composites were investigated. The control AZ91D alloy and associated composites, containing 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of fly ash cenospheres (added), were synthesized using a die casting technique. A microstructural comparison showed that microstructural refinement – occurred due to the fly ash additions and became more pronounced with an increase in the percentage of the fly ash added. The metal matrix areas nearer to the fly ash particles exhibited a greater degree of refinement than was observed in the areas further away from these particles. Both filled and unfilled fly ash cenospheres, and porosity were observed in the composite microstructures. The composite specimen densities decreased and the coefficient of thermal expansion did not change significantly as the volume percent of fly ash was increased within the range investigated. The hardness values of the composite specimens exhibited an increase in proportion to the increase in percentage of added fly ash. The tensile strength of the composites also increased as the concentration of fly ash cenospheres was increased. In contrast, the Young’s modulus of these composite samples, as measured by non-destructive pulse-echo method, decreased as the percentage of fly ash in the composite was increased. SEM micrographs of the tensile fracture surfaces showed broken cenospheres on the fracture surface and evidence of ‘pull outs’, where fly ash particles were previously embedded in the matrix. Compression testing results showed that the presence of 5 wt.% cenospheres decreased the compressive strength and compressive yield strength of the composite relative to that of the AZ91D matrix alloy. Surprisingly, a significant change in compression strength was not observed for the composites with 10 and 15 wt.% cenospheres in comparison to the AZ91D matrix alloy. In contrast to the tensile tests, no cenosphere remnants were observed on the compressive test fracture surface of the composites. This observation suggests that the fracture of the composite was initiated within the AZ91D matrix by normal void nucleation and growth, followed by crack propagation through the matrix, avoiding any of the cenospheres, leading to composite fracture of the matrix.