含镁离子电解质对氧化铝浆料流变性能的影响

通过高纯氧化铝陶瓷浆料粘度和zeta(ζ)电位等参数的考察,探讨了不同pH值下,含镁离子电解质对其流变性能的影响。结果表明,镁离子会降低氧化铝浆料的流变性能。在其存在下,无分散剂时与添加聚丙烯酸(PAA)作分散剂时,pH值分别为6.5和9.5的浆料具有良好的流变性能。无镁离子存在时,PAA的最佳添加量为0.5%;镁离子浓度为0.05mol/L时,该量增加至0.9%。     

氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及其影响因素研究

详细研究了氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及固含量、pH值和聚丙烯酸(PAA)添加量对分散行为的影响。实验结果表明,固含量、pH值和PAA添加量对氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为有显著影响。粘度法及Zeta电位测试法所反映的悬浮液分散性随pH值和分散剂添加量的变化规律基本一致。当pH=9～10、分散剂添加量的质量分数为2.0%～2.5%时粘度最低、Zeta电位绝对值最大、分散效果最好。分散剂添加量存在最佳范围,且最佳范围不随固含量的变化而改变。随固含量的增加,粘度开始缓慢上升,到达一定程度后迅速增大。     

银浆料用有机载体的分散剂研究

研究了几种不同分散剂的灼烧残留值,结果表明,磷酸三丁酯、OP乳化剂和自配分散剂在400～700℃灼烧时残留较少.将分散剂分别按配比轧制成银浆料,粘度测试结果显示每种分散剂的加入量存在一个最佳值,此时浆料粘度较低、分散性好,且添加2％的磷酸三丁酯的浆料粘度随剪切速率的增大下降得较为显著,浆料触变性较好.静态稳定性测试表明磷酸三丁酯作为分散剂的银浆料具有良好的抗沉降和稳定性.最后探讨了磷酸三丁酯在浆料中的分散作用及其相关机理.     

D-山梨醇对聚丙烯酸-水基氧化铝悬浮液流变性能的影响

研究了D-山梨醇(D-sorbitol)对聚丙烯酸(poly(acrylic acid))(PAA)稳定的水基氧化铝(Al₂O₃)悬浮液流变性能的影响. 实验发现: 在pH为9.0时, 对于固含量为30vol% ~ 40vol%的Al₂O₃悬浮液, 少量D-山梨醇的加入皆能明显提高其分散稳定性. 当D-山梨醇的添加量占分散剂总量(0.5wt%)的20%时, 悬浮液粘度最低. 且添加二元分散剂PAA/D-山梨醇的悬浮液具有更好的抗电解质性能. 分别对单一PAA分散的Al₂O₃及二元分散剂分散的Al₂O₃进行了红外光谱表征. 结合流变与红外实验结果, 分析了山梨醇的作用机理: 部分山梨醇吸附在Al₂O₃颗粒表面, 部分山梨醇与PAA以氢键形式结合, 增大了颗粒间的空间位阻, 提高了悬浮液的流变性能.     

纳米Y-TZP形成稳定浆料的流变性质

本文研究了纳米Y－TZP超细粉体分别添加聚丙烯酸钠（NaPAA）及聚丙烯酸铵（NH₄PAA）所制备的浆料的稳定性.综合考虑Zeta电位和分散剂的解离条件,pH8～12为浆料的稳定范围.通过对浆料流变性质的测定,给出固含量与其相应的最佳分散剂用量关系,并比较了NaPAA与NH₄PAA在稳定高固含量浆料中的分散作用.结果表明,使用NH₄PAA可获得较NaPAA低的粘度,且由于它不引入杂质而有更大的优越性.对不同纳米尺寸的Y－TZP,如果吸附等量的分散剂,颗粒越大粘度越低.在一定范围内达到相同的粘度,颗粒越小,所需分散剂用量越多.     

不同分散剂在提高Pb-Sn-CNTs复合镀层质量过程中分散效果的研究

选取4种不同的分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和聚丙烯酸(PAA),对碳纳米管铅锡复合镀液进行分散。通过研究其在镀液中的吸光度来分析不同分散剂对碳纳米管悬浮液分散效果。实验表明:在相同工艺条件下,PAA的效果要优于PVP、CTAB和SDBS。PAA在最佳添加量下,悬浮液不仅分散稳定性较好,而且颗粒的粒径分布窄,平均粒径小。轴瓦镀层的表面质量可以得到明显的改善。     

PAANH4-凹凸棒石粘土水悬浮液分散稳定性研究

研究了PAANH4 凹凸棒石粘土水悬浮液分散稳定性。结果表明 :固相质量分数不同的浆料 ,其最佳分散剂添加量均为 4 .5 %。固相质量分数的提高 ,浆料最低粘度值提高 ,分散剂有效用量范围变窄。对于给定PAANH4 添加量的浆料 ,其流变性随着pH的提高有明显的改善 ;pH值为 6 .5的悬浮液 ,经过高于 6 .5阶段的吸附 ,其流变性能均显著改善 ,而经过pH值为 8.5阶段的吸附的悬浮液粘度值最小。     

堇青石水基流延浆料分散剂的选择及其作用机理

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米级堇青石粉体作为原料,分别考察了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸钠、多聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠作为分散剂时堇青石浆料的分散效果。通过对各体系电导率、粘度、沉降高度的分析,结果表明聚丙烯酸钠分散效果最好。分散剂聚丙烯酸钠通过静电力作用和空间位阻作用对堇青石粉体颗粒进行分散,且其吸附构型随着浆料pH值的增加而改变。聚丙烯酸钠的含量为1.5%(质量分数)时,达到最好分散效果。     

Ti-Co-B4C复合粉体喷雾造粒浆料的流变特性研究

研究了分散剂(A15)、粘结剂(PVA)及固相含量等流变学因素对Ti-Co-B4C复合粉体喷雾造粒粉体流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明:A15的加入,增大了浆料zeta电位的绝对值,能够有效的分散浆料.在相同的剪切速率下,浆料的粘度随着A15的添加先增大再减小,过低A15的添加起不到分散浆料的目的,而过量添加A15会提高浆料的pH值,对浆料的稳定性和喷雾造粒粉末成型不利;在一定的剪切速率下,浆料的粘度随着PVA的添加先增大再减小然后又增大,过低PVA的添加会降低喷雾造粒粉末的流动性,而PVA的过量添加导致浆料的粘度出现失稳状态,影响浆料的流动性.相反,在一定的剪切速率下,浆料的粘度随着固相含量的增加而增大,而过低的固相含量不利于浆料的稳定性和喷雾造粒粉末的成型性,过高的固相含量有害于浆料的流动性和喷雾造粒的顺利进行.但是所有复合粉体的浆料都具有剪切变稀的特性,有利于其喷雾造粒.综合分析得出:当固相含量为浆料质量的35%,A15和PVA为固相粉末质量的0.5%和2.5%时,浆料具有合适的粘度和良好的分散稳定性.所获喷雾造粒粉末为球形或近似球形,具有较高的松装密度和良好的流动性,满足后续反应喷涂的要求.     

分散途径对Al_2O_3-SiO_2/PAA系统流变性的影响

在研究pH值对Al_2O_3/SiO_2二元悬浮体系流变性的基础上,着重研究了分散途径对PAA分散的Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元体系流变性的影响。实验表明,在无分散剂时,Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元混合体系流变特性随pH值的变化可为3段:在pH值2.0以及pH值9.0两个区域,悬浮液处于稳定分散状态;而当pH值介于2.0~9.0时,浆液产生严重的絮凝现象,且絮凝程度高于Al_2O_3和SiO_2各自的单元体系。在pH值介于2.0~9.0时,通过添加PAA可使Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元悬浮液达到稳定分散状态;pH值为6.0时,采用普通添加方式PAA的最低添加量为0.8%(质量分数);改变分散途径后,分散所需的PAA最低添加量可降低50%,仅为0.4%(质量分数)。该结果表明,在Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元体系中,分散剂PAA在颗粒表面存在不均匀吸附现象,并且通过分散途径的设计,可有效地避免这种现象。另外,分散途径的设计可以提高PAA稳定分散的Al_2O_3-SiO_2二元悬浮液的抗离子强度特性,同时又可降低固含量对浆液流变性能的影响。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.