功能性聚乙烯胺及其衍生物合成的研究进展

论述了国内外关于聚乙烯胺(PVAm)及其衍生物合成的研究进展,对合成PVAm的四种路线——聚丙烯酰胺Hofm ann降级法、聚N-乙烯基甲酰胺水解法、聚N-乙烯基氨基甲酸酯水解法和PVC硝化法进行了较详细的论述和评价。介绍了利用PVAm主链侧功能基NH2的特征反应合成PVAm衍生物的方法。     

稀土铕高分子荧光配合物的制备及性能研究

稀土配合物作为发光材料已广泛应用于众多领域,为了使材料获得更稳定更持久的发光性能,本文以N-乙烯基甲酰胺(NVF)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为共聚单体,水为溶剂,在高温、引发剂条件下经自由基溶液聚合制备出含有氨基、羧基等多种配位官能团的水溶性高分子聚合物两性聚乙烯胺(PVAm),并以此作为高分子配体,再辅以1,10-邻菲咯啉(phen)作为第二配体,用三价稀土离子铕(Eu)的盐溶液与之配位,制备出具有优良荧光效应的稀土配合物Eu(PVAm)_3phen荧光粉。对高分子配体PVAm进行IR、NMR等分析,找出配位官能团,并对稀土配合物的外观形貌进行荧光显微镜等观察分析,对配合物的结构进行XRD等表征,并分析其紫外光谱、荧光光谱、荧光余辉亮度。配合物在220～275 nm范围内对紫外光有较强的吸收,最大吸收峰在260 nm处。配合物在580、593、614、650 nm的4处有明显的荧光发射峰。     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物的制备及其吸附性能研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为修饰剂,对活性白土进行修饰改性。将改性后的活性白土与壳聚糖复合,通过溶液插层技术制备了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物。通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的活性白土/壳聚糖复合物进行表征。以对甲基橙的吸附行为作为模拟吸附实验,研究了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物的吸附性能,探讨了温度、复合吸附剂用量、甲基橙溶液浓度、吸附时间等条件对吸附剂吸附效果的影响。结果显示:修饰剂和壳聚糖显著提高了活性白土的片层间距,从而有利于提高活性白土的吸附性能。在吸附时间为30min、温度为25℃、吸附剂用量为0.06g的条件下,吸附剂具有较为优异的吸附效果。     

聚乙烯基胺/聚乙烯醇/碳纳米管杂化膜的制备及气体分离性能

以聚砜(PS)超滤膜为支撑层,首先制备聚乙烯基胺(PVAm)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜,考察PVAm与PVA的组成及铸膜液固含量对膜渗透选择性能的影响.当PVAm/PVA为7/3,固含质量分数为8%时,复合膜的性能最好,0.2 MPa下,CO_2渗透速率为35.5GPU[1GPU=10~(-6) cm~3(STP)/(cm~2·s·cmHg)],CO_2/N_2的分离系数为123.6.其次,在上述最佳条件中添加不同类型的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT、MWCNT-OH和MWCNT-COOH),考察碳纳米管含量及表面基团对气体分离性能的影响,并利用红外分析、X-射线衍射及扫描电镜考察所制备杂化膜的化学结构、结晶性能.结果表明,添加表面—OH和—COOH改性的MWCNT可以有效提高膜的透过分离性能.当MWCNT-OH和MWCNT-COOH质量分数均为1%时,CO_2渗透速率分别为62.0和76.6GPU,CO_2/N_2的分离系数分别为117.7和139.5.最后,考察进料气压力对杂化膜CO_2渗透速率及CO_2/N_2的分离系数的影响,在0.2~1.8 MPa的压力范围内,添加表面改性的碳纳米管均能使复合膜的CO_2渗透速率提高.     

PVA/PVAm改性涤纶滤布复合膜的制备及其抗污染性能

利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯胺(PVAm)的混合溶液,经刮膜、干燥和交联固定化处理,改性廉价涤纶滤布制备复合膜.亲水性PVA的羟基和PVAm的氨基被用来提高复合膜的亲水性和抗污染能力.考察了改性涤纶制备复合膜过程中PVA/PVAm共混比例、交联时间、交联剂用量、涂膜厚度以及涂膜次数对复合膜抗污染性能和渗透通量的影响.结果表明:当m(PVA)∶m(PVAm)=1∶1、交联时间为45min、交联剂质量分数为0.2%、涂膜厚度为100μm且涂膜交联2次制备的复合膜的抗污染性能最好.     

蒙脱土/海藻酸钠接枝丙烯酸高吸水性复合物的制备及吸附性能研究

以过硫酸胺(APS)为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用插层聚合法制备了蒙脱土/海藻酸钠接枝丙烯酸(MMT/SA-g-PAA)高吸水性复合物。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)对MMT/SA-g-PAA的结构和性能进行了表征。研究了MMT/SA-g-PAA对重金属离子的吸附性能,结果表明室温下MMT/SA-g-PAA对Pb2+、Cu2+、Ni 2+的最大吸附量分别为968.9、231.0及236.0mg/g,其中对Pb2+和Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,而对Ni 2+的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模型。     

聚乙烯醇/胺化碱木质素发泡材料的制备与性能

为缓解工业废水中金属离子和染料造成的环境压力,增加碱木质素的利用率,将碱木质素进行胺化改性后引入到聚乙烯醇缩甲醛中制备聚乙烯醇/胺化碱木质素发泡材料(PAFM),并对其吸附性能和絮凝性能进行测定,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析对其表征。结果表明,聚乙烯醇(PVA)5 g,甲醛4 m L,硫酸4 m L,胺化碱木质素15%,交联温度120℃,PAFM对Cu2+的吸附性能好。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,碱木质素得到胺化改性,并成功与PVA反应生成PAFM;PAFM的含氮量为1.20%,较聚乙烯醇/碱木质素发泡材料(PLFM)增加了1.02%;SEM显示发泡材料具有很好的孔隙结构;热重分析显示,PAFM具有更好的耐热性。对Cu2+的吸附性能在12 h时达到饱和,其吸附等温线满足V型吸附等温线模型;PAFM添加量为3 g/L时,酸性条件下的絮凝性能更好,对溶液的脱色率达到73.52%。     

镧修饰羧基化氧石墨烯的抑菌性能

在氧化石墨烯(GO)的研究和应用中,为充分发挥其优良性质,必须对其进行功能化。笔者将稀土La3+离子接枝到羧基化的GO(GO-COOH)片层上,制备了一种功能化的镧修饰羧基化氧石墨烯(La/GO-COOH)。利用红外光谱、热重分析和透射电镜等手段对合成的La/GO-COOH进行了表征,结果表明,La3+已通过化学和物理作用吸附在GO片层上。通过细菌生长动力学实验评价了La/GO-COOH的抑菌性能,结果表明,La/GO-COOH对大肠杆菌有很好的抑菌效果,当浓度为0.5 mg/mL,抑菌率达96.40%;对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌也均有抑菌效果,因此La/GO-COOH是具有抑菌性能的新型GO负载物;与未剥离的镧修饰氧化石墨(La/GTO)相比,由于剥离的GO片层的比表面积大,其吸附La3+离子的量高于氧化石墨(GTO),故La/GO-COOH复合物的抑菌性远优于La/GTO。     

锌型麦饭石基无机抗菌剂的制备

以麦饭石为载体,在不同浓度、温度、交换时间条件下,采用恒温振荡法制备了以硝酸锌为抗菌成分的无机抗菌剂。结果表明,麦饭石对Zn2+的最佳吸附浓度、温度、交换时间分别为0.6mol/L、90℃、7h,最大吸附量为5.769μg/ml;麦饭石负载的金属离子浓度越大其抗菌性能越好型抗菌剂,最佳抑菌圈直径为35mm,最后对抗菌机理进行分析。     

聚离子复合物胶束的制备及其对辅酶A的控制释放

用RAFT活性可控聚合法合成了全水亲性嵌段共聚物聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)-b-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PVP-b-PAMPS)和聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)-b-聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PVP-b-PD-MAEMA).二者在水溶液中复合即可形成聚离子复合物(PIC)胶束,并利用动态光散射法(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了该胶束的粒径、粒径分布以及形貌.研究结果表明,所制备的胶束外形大致呈球状,粒径在155nm左右,且粒径分布较窄.以辅酶A为模型分子,负载在胶束内进行药物控制释放.研究结果表明,辅酶A的释放受溶液pH的影响,该聚离子复合物胶束可以用作药物控释载体.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.