臭氧处理对石墨纤维复合材料性能的影响

为改善石墨纤维和氰酸酯树脂间的界面性能,利用臭氧处理技术对石墨纤维进行表面处理,并采用AFM、XPS和IR对处理前后的石墨纤维表面形貌和组成进行了分析,研究了臭氧处理对石墨纤维/氰酸酯复合材料层间剪切强度和弯曲强度的影响.实验结果表明:臭氧处理提高了碳纤维表面活性,从而改善了石墨纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的界面粘结性能,进而改善了复合材料的界面和力学性能.     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面

从碳纤维、树脂基体、界面3个层次对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面研究进行了综述,重点介绍了碳纤维表面特性表征及改性方法、树脂基体特性及改性方法和界面分析表征手段,由此提出了纤维/树脂界面的研究路线,简要分析了复合材料界面研究的前景与趋势。为了实现纤维/树脂界面的良好匹配,充分发挥碳纤维复合材料的性能优势,需完善界面表征手段、明确界面微观性能与复合材料宏观性能的关系、深化研究界面对复合材料湿热性能及失效模式的影响等。     

石墨粉化学镀铜工艺的研究

在石墨粉表面化学镀铜,以解决金属-石墨复合材料制造中的界面结合力问题并提高其综合性能.由于石墨粉具有微小疏水、表面惰性的性质,对其镀铜很困难.以CuSO4为主盐,锌粉为还原剂,分别研究了4种添加剂:A(烷基苯磺酸盐)、B(烷基磺酸盐)、C(十二烷基脂肪酸盐)和D(十二烷基脂肪酸盐 醋酸钠)对石墨粉镀铜的影响.结果表明,D型添加剂最有利于石墨粉化学镀铜;扫描电镜观察镀铜石墨层发现,镀层和石墨结合良好.     

文摘

新近研制的高强度、高中间横量石墨纤维具有改进的耐热氧化性能。用这种改进的石墨纤维来制造PMR-15和PMR-11聚酰亚胺复合材料。本文研究了改性高强度石墨纤维对复合材料性能的影响;还讨论了各种因素如纤维物理性能、表面形态和化学组成的影响。     

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料概述

八十年代以来 ,连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料以其优异的性能特别是高韧性 ,得到世界各国的极大关注和高度重视 ,并取得令人瞩目的发展。纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料已开始在航空、航天、国防等领域得到应用。本文从复合材料的增韧机制、制备方法、界面特性和界面改性以及应用等方面综述了国内外有关连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状     

氟化改性国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维(F-3A)复合材料的界面性能

为了改善国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维(F-3A)增强树脂基复合材料界面性能,利用氟化改性技术对F-3A纤维表面进行改性,采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对氟化改性F-3A纤维表面结构及元素组成进行表征,然后通过纤维复丝性能和NOL环层间剪切性能对复合材料界面性能进行评价。研究结果表明,(1)氟化改性在F-3A纤维表面物理刻蚀形成大量微槽结构,氟化学反应形成大量含氧和含氟的极性官能团,有利于复合材料界面粘接性的提高;(2)采用氟化工艺2处理后,F-3A纤维复合材料的NOL环层间剪切强度最高分别达到56.3 MPa和56.1 MPa,比未改性处理提高了20%以上,复合材料综合性能达到最佳。     

氧化石墨烯改性玄武岩纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料性能

为了改善玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,通过偶联剂对氧化石墨烯进行改性,并将改性后的氧化石墨烯引入到上浆剂中对玄武岩纤维进行表面涂覆改性,同时制备了氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料.采用FTIR表征了氧化石墨烯的改性效果;运用SEM分析了改性上浆剂处理对玄武岩纤维表面及复合材料断口形貌的影响和作用机制.结果表明:偶联剂成功接枝到氧化石墨烯表面;玄武岩纤维经氧化石墨烯改性的上浆剂处理后,表面粗糙度及活性官能团含量增加,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂界面处的机械齿合作用及化学键合作用增强,界面黏结强度得到改善,玄武岩纤维的断裂强力提高了30.8%,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了10.6%.     

合成纤维界面改性研究进展

合成纤维增强高分子复合材料的性能以及纤维良好性能的发挥很大程度上由复合物界面作用来决定,好的界面粘合可以带来复合物良好的性能。文章总结了实用的纤维界面改性的方法,如电化学改性、氧化刻蚀、表面涂覆、化学接枝、等离子体接枝等。这些方法有效地改善了纤维与聚合物机体的界面黏合力,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

PBO纤维常压低温等离子体处理可行性分析

PBO纤维是具有比强度、比模量、耐热性和阻燃性等超级性能的新型高科技纤维,可用作先进复合材料的增强材料,但因其与树脂之间的界面粘接性能差需要对其表面改性.低温等离子体是一种表面改性新技术,它是通过在纤维表面产生刻蚀、交联或引入官能团等而改善纤维表面的粘接等性能.本文简述了PBO纤维的结构、性能、在复合材料中的用途和对PBO纤维的表面改性方法.在实验基础上,笔者对PBO纤维运用自行研制的常压低温等离子体设备在线连续化表面改性做了可行性分析.     

石墨/铝复合材料制备中的关键问题及其对策

石墨/铝复合材料一般需要在高温下制备,石墨颗粒或纤维与铝基体均会发生不同程度的润湿作用和界面反应,形成不同结构的界面。两相之间的润湿性和界面反应对复合材料最终的性能起重要的作用,深入研究润湿机理及有效控制界面反应是获得高性能石墨/铝复合材料的关键。本文对石墨/铝复合材料的发展概况、制备工艺,制备过程中出现的界面问题、气孔缺陷等进行了分析与讨论,探讨了解决对策,展望了这种新型复合材料的应用前景。     

Controlled Friction Behaviors of Porous Copper/Graphite Storing Ionic Liquid through Electrical Stimulation

Porous copper/graphite composites storing stimuli‐responsive lubricant can be used to fabricate a new kind of electrical contact friction materials. However, the synergetic lubricating effect of solid and liquid lubricants incorporated into the copper matrix is rarely discussed. In this work, neat copper and its composites storing ionic liquids (ILs) have been successfully prepared via a template‐free strategy. The effect of frictional, electrical, and electro‐frictional coupling stimulation on the tribological behavior of the copper filled with graphite has been investigated using ball‐on‐disk friction tests. Results show that a high voltage may accelerate the release of the ILs stored in the composite to the friction interface, thereby resulting in a low coefficient of friction (COF) (ca. 0.14) at the voltage of 0.5 V, which is superior to those of the pure copper without applying voltage. The COF is more stable in copper/graphite composite storing ILs (SI) than in copper‐SI. Therefore, the graphite efficiently protects the surface of the sample from wear and electrochemical corrosion.

     

Synthesis process and microstructure of carbon fibres/graphite/copper composites by spark plasma sintering

Carbon fibres/graphite/copper composites are prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering at different temperature in this study, and the microstructure evolution is investigated during sintering. The curves of punch displacement, mould temperature, furnace chamber vacuum, and voltage against time were recorded and discussed. The results show that the carbon fibre/graphite/copper composite presents neat and pure interface. Copper element is found in carbon fibres and graphite, which may be due to discharge. The microhardness of the obtained composites is up to 160?HV. The highest relative density in this test is 96.5%. The microstructure evolution process during SPS is associated with sparking, joule heat, pressure, and deformation. The sintering process is uneven at initial stage.     

Effect of tungsten addition on thermal conductivity of graphite/copper composites

Graphite/copper composites with high thermal conductivity were fabricated by tungsten addition, which formed a thin tungsten carbide layer at the interface. The microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composite material were studied. The results indicated that the insertion of tungsten carbide layer obviously suppressed spheroidization of copper coating on the graphite particles during the sintering process, and decreased the interfacial thermal resistance of the composites. Compared with the graphite/copper composites without tungsten, the thermal conductivity of the obtained composites was increased by 43.6%.     

高定向石墨/铜复合材料的制备和热物理性能

为了制备出具有优良热物理性能的石墨/铜复合材料,采用流延法将天然鳞片石墨定向排列在铜箔表面,并使用真空热压法制备具有层状结构的高定向石墨/铜复合材料。使用XRD和SEM等表征方法分析样品的微观形貌和成分,结果表明,在高温的作用下,流延所使用的溶剂充分挥发,热压后石墨仍高定向排列在相邻的两层铜箔之间,并相互搭接;部分熔化的铜在压力作用下渗透到石墨层的孔隙处,铜层之间相互贯穿。这种结构使石墨/铜复合材料具有优良的热物理性能。当石墨体积分数为20vol%~70vol%时,石墨/铜复合材料在高导热平面内热导率高达402~743 W/(m·K),抗弯强度达到126~48 MPa。深入讨论了石墨/铜复合材料的热传导机制,并建立了导热预测模型。      

水雾化铁基混合粉末的流动性及其烧结体的尺寸变化率

以水雾化铁基预舍金粉ATOMET4401为原料,研究了添加剂（胶体石墨、电解铜粉和羰基镍粉）对混合粉末流动性及其烧结体尺寸变化率的影响规律。研究表明,添加剂的加入均将延长混合粉体的流失时间,添加剂粉末尺寸越小对混合粉体的流动性影响越大。当碳含量从0.3wt％增加至0.9wt％时,流失时间延长了30％以上。随着铜含量的增加,混合粉体的流失时间呈先缓后快的增加趋势,并且当碳含量为0.9wt％时,增加的趋势更加显著,与未加铜者相比流失时间延长了9.2％。在碳含量为0.9wt％和羰基镍粉含量为4wt％时,混合粉末流失时间延长了25．7％。当碳含量从0．3wt％增加至0．9wt％时,尺寸变化率增加两倍以上。随碳含量增加,尺寸变化率随铜含量的变化趋势显著减小。当碳含量为0．9wt％时,铜含量对尺寸变化率的影响基本稳定。随着镍含量的增加,混合粉末烧结体的尺寸变化率逐渐由正变为负,并且随碳含量增加,这种变化趋势在高镍含量范围内变得更加明显。值得注意的是,在镍含量为-1wt％左右可以获得尺寸变化率接近零的烧结零件。     

Corrosion Behavior of High Energy–High Rate Consolidated Graphite/Copper Metal Matrix Composites in Chloride Media

The corrosion behavior of particulate reinforced graphite/copper (Gr_p/Cu) metal matrix composites (MMCs) was studied in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution using electrochemical techniques, ionic solution analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The materials under investigation were high energy-high rate (HEHR) consolidated Gr_p/Cu metal matrix composites. HEHR processing employs a 10 MJ homopolar generator that supplies a 100 kA pulse to rapidly heat and solidify the composite powder compact. This short time at high temperature and the preferential heating and melting at the graphite-copper interface serve to encapsulate the graphite reinforcement, thus providing a highly densified composite product. Initially the open circuit potential corrosion behavior of 1.2, 5, 15, 25, and 40 volume percent Gr_pCu composites was studied in aerated and deaerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using SEM and EDX. Subsequently, the environmental stability of these composites was studied using electrochemical techniques such as polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization. The severity of corrosive attack increased with increasing graphite content and in aerated solutions. In addition, solutions from these tests were analyzed to determine the relative amounts of copper and carbon present in the electrolyte after polarization tests. Microscopic analysis techniques were used to characterize the corrosion morphologies and the extensive localized corrosion occurring at the graphite-copper interface. The effectiveness of benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor for the copper MMCs was also studied.     

A comprehensive review on the hydro metallurgical process for the production of nickel and copper powders by hydrogen reduction

Production of nickel and copper powders from leach solutions and other aqueous streams by hydrogen reduction under pressure has been reviewed in the present paper. By optimising the optimum process condition, powders or composite materials of required specification could be produced from different types of acidic and alkaline solutions by coating nickel or copper powders on the secondary materials such as graphite, tungsten carbide and aluminium. The paper also highlights the kinetics of reduction and the use of various inorganic and organic additives to improve the quality of the powder on bench and commercial scale. Effect of various experimental factors such as pH of the solution, concentration of metals, particle size and nature of additives, operating condition of autoclave, etc. on the rate of reduction and quality of powder are also discussed.     

退火石墨/铝复合材料热物理性能

随着电子器件热流密度的不断增加,热聚集产生的热点问题严重影响电子器件性能和应用,急需开发高效热扩散材料。采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了以6061铝合金为基体材料,退火石墨(Annealed pyrolytic graphite,APG)为导热组元的高导热复合材料。探究了退火石墨表面Ti元素的改性处理对退火石墨/铝复合材料的微观结构、界面结合状况的影响规律,研究讨论了退火石墨/铝层厚比对复合材料整体热、力性能的影响。结果表明,经Ti元素改性处理的退火石墨材料与铝之间形成了干净、紧密结合厚度在400 nm的Al-Ti-C界面。当Al∶APG∶Al的层厚比为1∶3∶1时,复合材料面内方向热扩散系数达901 mm²·s^-1,所承载最大抗弯强度为141 MPa,具有优异的综合性能。     

An amorphous carbon-graphite composite cathode for long cycle life rechargeable aluminum ion batteries

Natural graphite is investigated as the cathode for aluminum ion batteries in recent years. However, some drawbacks of the natural graphite such as severe volume swelling shorten its lifetime. In this work, we prepared a composite material by depositing an amorphous carbon on the graphite paper. The composite was used as a cathode to study the electrochemical performance in aluminum ion batteries. The charge/discharge results showed that the composite could exhibit a longer cycle life than the graphite paper. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the interface between the amorphous carbon and the graphite paper made a major contribution to the improvement of the cycling stability.