浅海水声信道中QC-LDPC码性能研究

针对大起伏、强多途、窄带宽的浅海水声信道需采用码长短、性能好、易于实时处理的信道纠错码技术才能提高水声通信系统可靠性的问题,提出了准循环低密度奇偶校验( QC-LDPC)码作为浅海水声信道的信道纠错编码方案.建立了QC-LDPC码在水声信道中的仿真模型,采用BP译码算法,在典型3径浅海水声信道中就码率、围长等参数对误码...     

极化码在OFDM水声通信中的应用研究

极化码（Polar code）因其高可靠性、实用的线性编、译码复杂度和理论上唯一可达香农极限等特点,成为信道编码领域新的研究热点。其编、译码方法的研究扩展至多种信道类型和应用领域,但在水声信道中的理论证明和应用研究相对较少且滞后。针对具有显著多途、多普勒扩散和有限带宽等复杂特性的水声信道,文章提出了与之相匹配的极化码信道编码机制;并结合正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）技术搭建水声通信仿真系统,研究极化码在OFDM水声通信系统中的性能表现;同时研究极化码在不同的水声信道模型、信道参数、码长、码率下的性能。仿真结果表明,在信噪比为4 dB时,码率为1/2的极化码在水声时变信道中的误码率可达10^-4～10^-5,优于低密度校验（Low density Parity Check,LDPC）、Turbo码,约有0.5～1 dB的性能增益,该极化码信道编码机制与水声信道相匹配,可有效提高水声通信的可靠性。     

水声DS-CDMA通信中多相位假设码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法研究

研究了直接序列扩频码分复用(DS-CDMA)通信中基于多相位假设的码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法.水声信道的衰落和多普勒频移会严重影响扩频信号的相关特性,需要在做解扩频之前进行多普勒频移补偿和信道自适应均衡.将空间分集-多普勒频移补偿-自最佳自适应判决反馈均衡算法应用到DS-CDMA通信中,提出一种基于多相位假设的码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法,并用实际的千岛湖实验数据和仿真数据对算法性能进行了分析.结果表明算法以增加计算复杂性为代价显著提高了DS-CDMA通信性能,在复杂快变的多途和多普勒频移条件下可以保证低的误符号率,在低信噪比条件下能够稳定工作,总体性能良好.     

纠错编码技术在水声跳频通信中的性能研究

将水声跳频通信系统与纠错编码技术相结合进行了研究,针对复杂多变、强多途和起伏干扰的浅水水声信道,建立了基于BELLHOP射线模型的时变衰落水声信道模型,该信道模型建立起了信道特性与海洋环境参数之间的关系,在海洋环境参数给定的条件下可以精确仿真信道。在此基础上通过系统仿真的方法研究了卷积码、RS码和串行级联码三种纠错编码方案在水声跳频通信系统中的性能,给出了两种典型信道下的仿真结果并进行了对比分析,结果表明串行级联码具有更强的纠错能力,比较适合复杂多变的水声衰落信道。     

一种浅海水声信道分数间隔自适应均衡算法研究

水声信道是最为复杂的数据通信环境之一,而具有重要军用和商用价值的浅海水声信道,其多径与频散效应更为严重。在浅海水声数字通信中,普遍存在着码间干扰和码内干扰效应,严重影响了水下通信的速度和质量。在判决反馈结构的基础上,采用分数的方法,提出了一种适用于浅海水声信道的自适应均衡算法,并通过计算机仿真实验与整数方法进行了性能对比。传输信号采用正交相移键控调制方式,以有效利用有限通信带宽。仿真结果表明,该算法获得了较快的收敛速度和较小的稳态误差,提高了水声通信的有效性及可靠性,因而具有良好的工程应用价值。     

基于MSS-PDS和单阵元PTRM信道均衡的深海远程水声通信方案

为了提高水声通信的性能,提出了一种联合运用M元扩频（MSS）通信和Pattern时延差编码（PDS）水声通信体制,并采用单阵元被动式时间反转镜（PTRM）来实现声信道均衡的深海远程水声通信方案。该方案的M元扩频-Pattern时延差编码通信技术既能胜任远程水声通信,又能提高通信速率;单阵元被动式时间反转镜信道均衡技术既可抑制多途扩展产生的码间干扰,又能提高信噪比。根据深海声道特性分析,该方案将通信固定节点置于声道轴以获取会聚增益,提高通信距离。计算机仿真结果证明,所提出的深海远程水声通信方案具有很好的鲁棒性和可行性。     

Spinal码在深空通信中的应用研究

为了提高深空通信系统的传输能力,将Spinal码用于深空通信研究。结合深空信道损耗大、时延长、动态时变等特点,研究了适合深空信道的Spinal码编译码参数组合、星座映射及信道工作模式的选择等问题。通过仿真优化了Spinal码的编解码参数,对比了Spinal码在模拟信道和数字信道下的性能,给出了与Spinal码相匹配的调制方式。研究结果表明Spinal码具有极好的深空通信应用前景:采用256、512bit的短码长设计,配合以16APSK调制的Spinal码,在模拟信道工作模式下,性能远优于传统上采用的复杂度极高的低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC),在不同的信噪比条件下均能获得逼近Shannon限的性能。     

一种码分多址水声多用户接收系统

研究了一种水声异步多用户通信非集中式接收机系统,将码分多址和空时自适应滤波、多通道判决反馈均衡相结合,克服多用户系统中的多址干扰（MAI）以及水声信道多途效应引起的码间干扰（ISI）,实现指定用户的正确接收。利用实测多通道浅海水声信道响应函数进行了三个用户的异步通信仿真,分别比较了空时滤波均衡与单通道直接解扩、空间分集合并均衡等接收算法的性能,显示了空时滤波均衡接收机在抑制多址干扰、码间干扰、正确区分不同用户等方面的优点。码分多址机制和空时滤波均衡结合使用的特点使系统适合于低速数据传输且水声信道变化较慢的场合。     

一种水声通信中基于信道估计的假设反馈自适应均衡器

直接序列码分多址(DS/CDMA)是一种受关注的水下声通信网多址接入方案。提出一种基于信道估计的水声DS/CDMA系统自适应码片级均衡器。水声信道的时变特性要求自适应均衡器系数以码片速率更新,而不是以码元速率更新。在线性均衡之前利用信道估计器抑制由先前发送的码片引起的码片间干扰,仅对少量幅值较大的信道抽头做均衡,有效地降低了运算复杂度。仿真实验验证了均衡器的性能。     

一种抗信道多径的扫频-扩频调制技术

水声信道是复杂的多径快衰落信道,其信道特性严重影响了水声通信的数据率和性能,抗多径干扰是提高水声通信系统性能的重要技术之一。对一种新的调制方法——扫频-扩频载波（Sweep-Spread Carrier,SSC）调制技术进行了深入研究,通过系统在水声信道实际数据的仿真,探究SSC的抗多径性能,简化了抗信道多径算法。SSC的基本思路是采用连续变化的载波频率,通过相关接收,将接收的多径信号在频域上分离,从而克服了码间干扰的影响。分析了在给定系统时不同信道多径时延对SSC性能的影响,以及给定信道时不同SSC参数对SSC性能的影响。仿真结果表明,选择合适的参数,SSC调制具有良好的抗多径性能。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.