火力发电厂自然通风冷却塔降噪设计

针对火力发电厂大型自然通风冷却塔噪声治理问题,从冷却塔噪声产生的机理、塔内、塔外治理措施现状,并结合工程实例,就大型自然通风冷却塔噪声治理方式进行了初步探讨,提出了不同条件下噪声治理的原则,供参考。     

某核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声环境影响及防治措施探讨

通过对某火电厂自然通风冷却塔的噪声实测值与HJ2.4-2009导则推荐模式比对分析,表明导则推荐模式对冷却塔噪声衰减规律是适用的。结合我国内陆核电厂多规划采用大型自然通风冷却塔的背景,运用该推荐模式对某规划核电厂的自然通风冷却塔噪声影响进行预测分析,结果说明厂界噪声存在一定超标。总结了冷却塔的主要噪声治理措施,并结合核电厂须设置一定范围非居住区边界的环保法规要求,提出核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声治理可采用设定的非居住区边界作为“虚拟围墙”,综合周边敏感点分布和试运行期监测结果,再采取技术经济合理可行降噪方案的观点,而不是完全以传统厂界（征地边界）噪声达标作为治理标准。这种方案既避免环保“一刀切”的弊端,也符合企业现实发展的环保需求。     

Cadna A在自然通风冷却塔降噪中的应用

基于德国Data K ustik公司开发的Cadna A计算机辅助软件,通过两座自然通风冷却塔降噪项目,简要介绍了该软件的应用,包括数据准备、建筑物的建模及反射损失的设置、地势信息的导入、降噪措施的设置等,预测了自然通风冷却塔在治理前后对周围声环境的影响,并与现场实测值进行比较,结果表明预测值与实测值相差较小。     

火电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声治理研究

湖南某火电厂配备两台双曲线自然通风冷却塔,冷却塔运行时噪声对周围居民影响较大。针对该问题,基于Cadna/A噪声预测评估软件,研究自然通风冷却塔在实施降噪网和声屏障联合降噪措施前后的声场分布。通过将预测值与现场实测值相比较,验证Cadna/A软件对该类冷却塔噪声计算的准确性,结果表明使用Cadna/A软件对火电厂自然通风冷却塔进行噪声研究是合适的。对于火电厂冷却塔,采用声屏障和降噪网联合降噪方案具有很好的降噪效果。     

火电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声治理研究

湖南某火电厂配备两台双曲线自然通风冷却塔,冷却塔运行时噪声对周围居民影响较大。针对该问题,基于Cadna/A噪声预测评估软件,研究自然通风冷却塔在实施降噪网和声屏障联合降噪措施前后的声场分布。通过将预测值与现场实测值相比较,验证Cadna/A软件对该类冷却塔噪声计算的准确性,结果表明使用Cadna/A软件对火电厂自然通风冷却塔进行噪声研究是合适的。对于火电厂冷却塔,采用声屏障和降噪网联合降噪方案具有很好的降噪效果。     

某核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声环境影响及防治措施探讨

论述自然通风冷却塔噪声产生机理、源强特性,分析其采用HJ2.4-2009导则中噪声衰减计算模式的适用性。以某内陆核电厂冷却塔为例,运用该导则噪声衰减计算模式,对冷却塔的噪声影响情况进行分析,得出分析结论意见。总结冷却塔的主要噪声治理措施,结合核电厂须设置一定范围非居住区边界的环保法规要求,探讨将核电厂自然通风冷却塔噪声达标排放的考核点从用地红线延伸至非居住区边界或非居住区边界与项目用地红线的包络线,然后综合周边敏感点分布和试运行期监测结果,再采取技术经济合理可行的降噪方案。这种方式既可解决噪声矛盾问题,又符合企业实际情况,还可以降低环保投资费用。     

电厂冷却塔运行管理系统

火电厂一般采用逆流式自然通风冷却塔.对其进行在线监测可提高生产的安全性和经济性.本系统通过布置在现场的模块,检测气象、冷却塔进出水温及瞬时流量等参数并传送至串行管理模块再传送至上位机.通过与冷却塔设计参数的有关数据进行比较,上位机及时评价冷却塔运行的好坏、提示可能存在的问题及解决方案并发出控制信号.     

大型自然通风冷却塔热力性能研究

为探求大型自然通风冷却塔热力性能及优化方向,本文对某1 000 MW燃煤机组配用的淋水面积为12 000 m~2的大型自然通风冷却塔热力性能进行实验研究,利用气水比和冷却数拟合该塔的热力性能方程式并得到测试塔冷却数的修正系数,给出该塔内实测风温的分布,用不同阻力系数公式计算出塔水温。结果表明:填料等高布置的模拟冷却塔与填料不等高布置的工业塔的修正系数为1.047～1.081;填料不等高布置的工业塔塔内风温均方根误差为0.56～0.67℃,其值小于填料等高布置的相应冷却塔,故填料的不等高布置能强化冷却塔的冷却性能;进塔水量大时,可采用阻力经验系数公式快速计算出塔水温,为大型自然通风冷却塔的设计与改造提供参考。     

火电厂双曲凉水塔防挂冰技术研究

论述我国北方电厂自然通风冷却塔结冰的特性,在冬季结冰后对散热面积和循环水量的影响,分析导致冷却塔热力性能下降的主要原因,揭示冷却塔结冰对发电机组热经济性的影响;重在说明电厂通过对冷却塔结冰的有效技术改造,是提高冷却塔的热力性能、降低发电机组煤耗的途径之一。     

浅析125MW机组冷却塔冷却能力对机组经济性的影响

通过对焦作万方电厂3500m~2自然通风冷却塔填料改造,使冷却塔的冷却能力得到较大的改进,提高了机组的真空,机组的经济性有了较大的提高。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.