尼龙6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的形态、结构及性能研究

采用熔融方法制备了PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料.PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其缺口冲击强度比PA 6有显著提高.研究结果表明,有机粘土剥离于PA 6基体中,POE相以岛状结构均匀分散于PA 6基体中;PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的储能模量比PA 6的低,并且随着有机粘土含量的增加而降低.PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着粘土含量的增加而升高,具有良好的热稳定性.     

PA6/POE/OMMT纳米复合材料的非等温结晶行为

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了熔融插层法制备的尼龙6/乙烯-辛烯共聚物/有机改性蒙脱土(PA6/POE/OMMT)纳米复合材料的结晶行为,用Jeziorny法和Mo法分析了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,并计算得到了相关的结晶动力学参数.结果表明,纳米粘土对基体有异相成核作用,但随着其在复合材料中含量增加,半结晶时间t...     

纳米有机蒙脱土对尼龙6/N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐的结构及耐热性能影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用自制新型耐热改性剂N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐二元共聚物(NMA)与纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对尼龙6(PA6)进行熔融共混制备了PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料,并通过透射电镜、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热、旋转流变仪、热变形及力学性能测试等分析研究了纳米OMMT用量对PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构及耐热性能的影响。结果表明:纳米OMMT剥离分散在PA6基体中,诱导了PA6由α晶型向γ晶型转变;且OMMT对PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的异相成核作用提高了体系结晶度。此外,对比于PA6/NMA复合材料,PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的动态复合黏度、储存模量、损耗模量均增大;且PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料热变形温度及力学性能随着OMMT添加量的增加呈增大趋势。     

纳米有机蒙脱土对尼龙6/N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐的结构及耐热性能影响

采用自制新型耐热改性剂N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐二元共聚物(NMA)与纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对尼龙6(PA6)进行熔融共混制备了PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料,并通过透射电镜、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热、旋转流变仪、热变形及力学性能测试等分析研究了纳米OMMT用量对PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构及耐热性能的影响。结果表明:纳米OMMT剥离分散在PA6基体中,诱导了PA6由α晶型向γ晶型转变;且OMMT对PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的异相成核作用提高了体系结晶度。此外,对比于PA6/NMA复合材料,PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的动态复合黏度、储存模量、损耗模量均增大;且PA6/NMA/OMMT纳米复合材料热变形温度及力学性能随着OMMT添加量的增加呈增大趋势。     

尼龙6/埃洛石纳米管纳米复合材料的制备与性能

通过熔融共混制备了尼龙-6(PA6)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)纳米复合材料.研究了HNTs含量对PA6/HNTs纳米复合材料微观形态、力学性能、结晶行为的影响.结果表明,在熔融共混条件下,HNTs不经过任何表面处理即可以纳米尺度均匀地分散于PA6基体中.随着HNTs含量的增加,纳米复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量显著提高.DSC结果显示HNTs的存在起到了成核剂的作用,提高了PA6的结晶温度.HNTs份数少时能提高PA6/HNTs纳米复合材料的结晶度,份数多时会使其结晶度下降和生成不稳定的晶体.     

尼龙6/橡胶/天然粘土纳米复合材料的制备及其力学性能

采用一种新型的超细全硫化粉末橡胶/蒙脱土复合粉末(UFPRM),可以制备出剥离型的尼龙6/橡胶/天然粘土(尼龙6/UFPRM)纳米复合材料,所用的橡胶是一种具有特殊结构的超细全硫化粉末橡胶(UFPR).微观分析表明,橡胶粒子在尼龙6基体中分散良好,同时天然粘土在橡胶粒子之间的基体中剥离.在一定份数下,复合粉末可以同时提高尼龙6的韧性、刚性及耐热性;随着复合粉末含量的增加,材料的冲击强度进一步增加.而且,复合粉末对高分子量尼龙6的增强、增韧效果好于低分子量尼龙6.进一步研究发现,在适当的剪切速率下,尼龙6/橡胶/天然粘土纳米复合材料可以获得较好的综合力学性能.     

拉伸对PA6/PET/AX8900薄膜直线易撕裂性能的影响

以PA6为基体，引入PET相，制备五种不同配比的PA6/PET/AX8900复合材料薄膜和双向拉伸薄膜，采用SEM、DMA、DSC等研究了双向拉伸前后PA6/PET/AX8900复合材料薄膜的微观形貌、热力学和结晶行为，探讨了复合材料薄膜的直线撕裂性能、力学性能、阻隔性能和光学性能，同时研究相容剂EAG(AX8900)对PA6与PET相容性的影响。研究结果表明，添加3%AX8900对PA6/PET复合材料薄膜有明显的增容效果，PET在PA6基体中分散良好；当PET添加量从0%增加到35%时，PA6/PET/AX8900复合材料薄膜熔点降低，与此同时，由于PET中刚性苯环的存在，结晶温度从187.01℃下降到183.47℃。力学性能测试显示，当PET添加量为25%时，PA6/PET/AX8900薄膜拉伸强度相较于纯PA6膜提升25%,断裂伸长率基本不变。当拉伸比为3×1时，PET添加量为25%的PA6/PET/AX8900双向拉伸薄膜的拉伸强度较纯PA6提高了88%。直线易撕裂测试结果表明，当PET添加量从0%增加到25%时，复合材料薄膜的撕裂偏差从100%降低到46%。PET添加量为2...     

石英纤维/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合生物材料的制备和性能

用挤出法制备石英纤维(quanz fibre,QF)/纳米羟基磷灰石(nano-hydroxyapatite,n-HA)/聚酰胺66(polyamide 66,PA66)复合材料(OF/n-HA/PA66),表征了其结构、形貌、力学性能和细胞毒性。结果表明:QF均匀地分散在n-HA/PA66中,且与PA66基体存在氢键结合;复合材料的力学性能随着石英纤维含量的增加而增大,当石英纤维含量为38%时复合材料的抗拉强度为81 MPa,抗压强度为190 MPa,抗弯强度为195 MPa(比人体皮质骨的高);n-HA/PA66基体所承受的载荷传递给QF纤维,纤维轴向传递使应力迅速扩散,这种传递作用在一定程度上起到了力的分散作用,从而增强了材料承受外力作用的能力,导致材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度等力学性能的显著提高。QF/n-HA/PA66复合材料无细胞毒性,满足承重骨修复材料的要求。     

加工工艺对n- HA/ PA66 复合材料结晶行为和力学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、差示量热分析和常规力学性能等测试方法研究了纳米羟基磷灰石增强聚酰胺66(n- HA/ PA66) 复合材料在不同加工条件和后处理工艺下的结晶行为和力学性能。结果表明, 提高样品的退火温度会降低纯PA66 及其复合材料中PA66 的结晶峰强度。在n- HA/ PA66 复合材料中, 基体树脂PA66 的α晶体中只有α2 的结晶峰存在,α1 的结晶峰基本消失。提高复合材料的注射压力, PA66 结晶峰的强度降低, 结晶度增加; 退火温度对材料的结晶度没有明显的影响。复合材料的结晶行为与其力学性能之间有着紧密的联系。      

聚氯乙烯/粘土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

通过原位插层法制备了聚氯乙烯／粘土纳米复合材料，分别采用X射线衍射，透射电子显微镜对其结构与形态进行了表征。结果表明，粘土片层已基本被刺离，均匀分散于聚氯乙烯树脂基体中。复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能测试结果表明，适量有机粘土的加入能使其拉伸强度和维卡软化点均较纯聚氯乙烯有较大提高。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.