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1.
Testing for goodness-of-fit is possible in a parametric setup by using smooth test statistics. This approach relies on embedding the probability model to be selected, in a larger parametric model. This reduces the problem of testing goodness-of-fit to the simpler problem of testing whether a parameter is zero. In this paper, new classes of smooth test statistics are introduced for categorized data and their asymptotic distributions are obtained under composite null hypotheses. Supported by the grants DGES PB-96 0635 and GV99-159-1-01  相似文献   

2.
《TEST》1980,31(1):605-647
Summary The procedure of maximizing the missing information is applied to derive reference posterior probabilities for null hypotheses. The results shed further light on Lindley’s paradox and suggest that a Bayesian interpretation of classical hypothesis testing is possible by providing a one-to-one approximate relationship between significance levels and posterior probabilities.  相似文献   

3.
We present a freshman seminar entitled “Paradoxes of the Human Condition,” aimed at the integration of humanistic concerns into the daily lives of engineers and scientists. The philosophy, pedagogical basis, and preliminary evaluation are given for this course, which examines four paradoxes: the heroic paradox, the paradox of freedom and necessity, the paradox of absolute and relative, and the paradox of life and death. The course is discussed in the context of an interdisciplinary program, the Honors Program in Public Affairs for Engineers.  相似文献   

4.
In Morales et al (1997) ϕ-divergence statistics were proposed for testing hypotheses in general populations. In this paper we present some approximations to the power function of these new tests statistics for the cases of the simple null hypotheses and the composite null hypotheses. Supported by the grants BFM2000-0800 and GV99-159-1-01.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

Relatively simple but apparently novel ways are proposed for viewing three related subjects: black hole entropy, the black hole information paradox, and time travel paradoxes. (1) Gibbons and Hawking have completely explained the origin of the entropy of all black holes, including physical black holes – nonextremal and in 3-dimensional space – if one can identify their Euclidean path integral with a true thermodynamic partition function (ultimately based on microstates). An example is provided of a theory containing this feature. (2) There is unitary quantum evolution with no loss of information if the detection of Hawking radiation is regarded as a measurement process within the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics. (3) The paradoxes of time travel evaporate when exposed to the light of quantum physics (again within the Everett interpretation), with quantum fields properly described by a path integral over a topologically nontrivial but smooth manifold.  相似文献   

6.
生产率悖论与中美两国信息技术投资效果比较   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
信息技术的生产率悖论问题已经讨论了几十年,过去这个领域的研究主要限制在美国,但是信息技术生产率悖论在其它国家和地区的适用性如何仍然是有争议的。本研究的重点在于用事件分析法研究发达国家和发展中国家信息技术投资效果的不同。以中国作为发展中国家的代表,美国作为发达国家的代表,对上个世纪90年代后期的IT投资的影响进行了对比。结果发现,中国企业的IT投资对企业的市场价值产生了巨大的影响,但在美国企业的研究中并未发现此现象。这表明在不同发展水平的国家中,IT扮演了不同的角色,从而说明生产率悖论不是一个全球化的问题。该发现与Baumol的不平衡经济增长理论相吻合,此理论亦可作为生产率悖论的一个可信的解释。  相似文献   

7.
This paper presents a novel method for detecting defective ac-coupling capacitors in high-speed differential signaling connections by designing a circuit with null detectors at the differential receiver. The design parameters of selecting the null ranges in the receiver buffer are proposed to efficiently detect the voltage droop that creates erroneous jitter. The null detectors in the proposed method enable the use of a lower test signal speed than the mission data rate at differential connections to detect defective capacitors. The proposed design method of null detectors combines four design and test factors, namely, regular null, voltage doubling, fail–safe, and defect sensitization, to determine the stretched null used for test purposes. The null-detection scheme has been implemented and verified in the design using a regular current-mode logic (CML) differential buffer in the 0.18- $muhbox{m}$ complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process. The detection capability of the proposed method to check for traditional defects with the same null detector is also demonstrated through SPICE-based fault simulations. The proposed method is also verified with the board developed for parameter measurements. The parameters proposed in this paper showed excellent agreement among calculated, simulated, and measured values. In particular, measured parameters showed strong closeness up to 99% to its calculated values.   相似文献   

8.
The background of ‘Goh's paradox’ in connection with the application of the common version of Genichi Taguchi's parameter design routine is examined. A detailed case study is used to show how the paradox can be resolved, as well as to assess the probability of success of marginal analysis in Taguchi's prescribed procedure for quality and reliability improvement.  相似文献   

9.
Previous research has found evidence of a counter-intuitive positive relationship between psychic distance and performance, which has been labeled the “psychic distance paradox”. However, there is a dearth of literature explaining the causal mechanisms that elucidates such a positive relationship. Studying the effect of team-level psychic distance on the performance of global virtual teams, we build on the input-process-outcome framework of team research, which allows the integration of process variables to provide new insights into the underlying coherences of the psychic distance paradox. These variables include the team members’ expectation of challenges as well as the level of team effort toward the task. The team members’ motivational cultural intelligence is introduced to the model as a moderating factor. The data support the hypothesized causal path. The findings start unveiling the psychic distance paradox through the integration of the literatures on psychic distance and global virtual teams.  相似文献   

10.
Enrichment of a simple predator–prey system results in the destruction of stable steady state and further enrichment leads to the extinction of the species, which is a classical problem in ecology and known as the paradox of enrichment. The Paradox of enrichment is a controversial issue. Most theoretical studies show the destabilization of predator–prey system due to enrichment, but there is a discrepancy between the empirical evidence and theoretical predictions. In spite of the debate and cross-debate, research is still being carried out on the paradox of enrichment (16 papers and nearly 500 citations in 2008), which in general does not include the effect of cannibalism. Here we present a simple predator–prey system in the presence of cannibalism among predators and offer a novel resolution to the paradox of enrichment. The concept of nutritional value is introduced by many authors to resolve the issue. It is observed that even in the face of sufficient enrichment the system remains stable in the vicinity of critical nutritional value. In the case of a lower cannibalism rate we also observe similar kinds of behaviour, but for a higher cannibalism rate, the system remains always stable and does not depend upon the nutritional value of prey, i.e. paradox of enrichment does not hold at all in such a situation. We also observe that cannibalism can have a positive as well as a negative effect on population abundance, depending on the cannibalism rate.  相似文献   

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