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1.
采用断口观察、金相检验、化学成分分析、硬度检验等方法对Cr12MoV钢模具在线切割过程中产生开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:热处理工艺不当引起模具内的残余应力较大,加上线切割时导致模具内的残余应力重新分布,使模具在线切割时局部边缘产生超过材料抗拉强度的拉应力是导致模具开裂的主要原因;另材料显微组织中的共晶碳化物最大尺寸严重超标,是导致该模具线切割时开裂的另一原因。  相似文献   

2.
Cr12钢模具开裂原因分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
Cr12钢模具在制作过程中出现裂纹。采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、化学成分分析和硬度测试等方法,对模具材料进行了检测和分析。原材料冶金质量差(碳化物呈网状分布且晶粒粗大),在随后的锻造过程中又未能改变碳化物分布和形态,导致材料性能差。模具在第一次线切割后未产生裂纹,表明模具经第一次线切割后,材料所受到的各种应力未能达到临界应力值,但此时模具内原有的应力平衡已被破坏,使局部应力的释放并重新分布,尤其向块状粗长的碳化物集中。模具在进行第二次线切割时表面产生的附加拉应力与材料已存在的内应力相叠加,其总应力超过了材料的抗拉强度,导致裂纹沿碳化物脆性开裂。  相似文献   

3.
S136钢模具在使用过程中发生早期开裂失效,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、金相检验等方法对该模具的失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:大件模具开裂的主要原因是,由于内孔电加工脉冲电流过大,内孔边缘产生严重的淬火变质层,造成表面拉向应力开裂;同时基体组织中存在网状碳化物,降低材料强度和韧性,加大模具内孔开裂倾向及裂纹扩展进程。小件模具开裂的主要原因是,由于模具凹槽部位倒角半径过小,应力集中显著增大,在工作载荷的作用下,形成应力集中而开裂。  相似文献   

4.
某CrWMn钢冲孔模具在磨床磨光后于距边缘较近的圆孔处发生开裂,通过低倍组织检验、显微组织检验、化学成分分析及对开裂模具相关热处理工艺过程分析等方法对模具开裂的原因进行了分析,并进行了验证性试验。结果表明:该模具开裂是由于热处理工艺不当引起的;模具淬火时未预冷,淬火后在未冷透的情况下即用凉水清洗,再加上回火不充分,使材料内应力和组织应力较大,在这两种应力作用下,导致模具在距离边缘较近的圆孔处发生开裂。  相似文献   

5.
8407钢汽车模型模具发生早期开裂失效,使汽车模型灯杯定位外缘产生毛边,严重影响了汽车模型的外观质量。为了查找模具开裂的原因,通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、硬度测试、能谱分析、金相检验等方法,对模具的组织和工艺特性进行了检测和分析。结果表明:模具产生开裂的原因是,电加工脉冲电流过大,圆孔内壁产生严重的淬火层,造成拉向开裂;基体受到过热导致组织粗大,材料的强度及韧性降低,进一步缩短了模具的使用寿命。  相似文献   

6.
采用宏观、金相及电子探针等检验方法,对3Cr2W8V钢模具线切割加工过程中开裂原因进行了检验分析.结果表明,组织中存在较多带状及聚集状碳化物(形成碳化物偏析)及回火不充分,残余奥氏体继续转变为马氏体所产生的组织应力是导致模具开裂的原因.  相似文献   

7.
克深2-2-12高压气井S13Cr110钢制油管开裂并发生泄漏。通过宏观检查、磁粉探伤和金相检验等对油管开裂和泄漏的原因进行了分析。结果表明:开裂和泄漏的位置处于油管力学性能薄弱管段。油管开裂属于应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹产生原因与A环空腐蚀环境、油管材料特性及油管受力条件有关,导致油管产生开裂和泄漏的载荷主要与内压和热胀冷缩交变产生的弯曲载荷等有关。  相似文献   

8.
3Cr2W8V钢压铸模具在压铸了几件铝件后发生断裂失效,采用化学成分分析、宏观检验、金相检验和断口分析等方法,对3Cr2W8V钢压铸模具的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:模具材料在断裂处的显微组织不均匀,存在大颗粒状碳化物或集中分布的未溶碳化物是造成模具断裂的直接原因。  相似文献   

9.
目的解决780 MPa级别超强度钢板冷冲压生产汽车前纵梁时发生的冲压开裂问题。方法通过网格应变分析技术和仿真分析,研究该零件冲压开裂的原因,分析引起开裂的因素,基于CAE模型系统,研究压边力、模具间隙、坯料尺寸、材料性能对开裂的影响规律。结果降低压边力和增加模具间隙均能减轻开裂,但是无法消除冲压开裂;坯料尺寸缩小可以消除冲压开裂,但是优化坯料尺寸需要改变模具上的坯料定位器,同时增大起皱风险;通过提升材料性能可以消除开裂。结论考虑最终各方案成本,选择性能优异的材料进行生产,将冲压开裂率降低至0.6%,满足了冲压要求。  相似文献   

10.
通过物理光电学高倍精密仪器、构成Cr12模具钢的化学成分检测分析以及测试硬度等检验手段,发现该种模具发生开裂主要在电火花线切割过程中产生的,其主要表现为:脆性开裂。本文针对以上问题进行了简要的分析讨论,希望对此种模具的生产能够提供有价值的参考资料,以备在日后的加工生产中得以运用。  相似文献   

11.
某油田天然气井的钻杆悬挂器(套筒)在使用过程中发生断裂失效事故,采用化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试、断口分析、微区成分分析等方法对断裂件进行了分析。结果表明:该1Cr13钢悬挂器淬火后未经高温回火,不符合调质热处理工艺的技术要求。基体中的淬火马氏体组织硬度过高,残余内应力大,沿晶界及亚晶界聚集分布的颗粒状未溶碳化物(Fe,Cr)23C6降低了钢的抗蚀性。该套筒内联上接头的螺纹部位薄壁存在周向拉应力,使用时在高压天然气作用下,筒壁沿圆周方向附加有横向拉应力。套筒内部环境为湿硫化氢的天然气介质,结果导致该悬挂器沿纵向产生应力腐蚀断裂。  相似文献   

12.
ZG85Cr12MoNi是一种耐磨性能优良的合金钢,但其组织中共晶碳化物量较多,脆性较大,应用于承受冲击的工况下易发生断裂,为提高其抗断裂能力,研究了钾、钠、稀土和钛复合变质处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,ZG85Cr12MoNi经钾、钠、稀土和钛复合变质处理后,组织细化,共晶碳化物由条块状变成团球状且分布均匀,冲击韧性和断裂韧性大幅度提高,热疲劳性能也明显改善;作轧机导卫板用使用安全,寿命比高铬铸铁和高镍铬合金分别提高300%和35.6%。  相似文献   

13.
The strain‐controlled and stress‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue behaviour of served 12% Cr ferritic–martensitic steel is conducted at room temperature. Continuous softening is observed at both control modes, and the fitting results show that the fatigue properties of 12% Cr steel are not reduced significantly after 230 000 h service at 550 °C/13.7 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy has been employed to investigate the microstructure evolution after long‐term service. It is proved that the decomposition of martensite laths structure and the coarsening of carbides at grain/lath boundaries are the main reasons why the pipe bursts after 180 000 h service at 550 °C/17.1 MPa. The fracture under both control modes has been observed by using scanning electron microscopy, and it indicates coarse carbides along grain/lath boundaries are favourable sites for micro‐crack nucleation and the secondary cracks along the fatigue striations are formed by the connection of micro‐cracks nucleated during fatigue behaviour.  相似文献   

14.
Welding solidification cracking of alloys is associated with the range of solidification temperature that can be greatly affected by the amount of refractory metals and other additives. In this work, solidification cracking of Ni-28W-6Cr alloy with high W content was studied by gas tungsten arc welding, showing that the welding current, alloying elements and precipitates all affect the cracking susceptibility. The lengths of cracks increase linearly with the welding current in the range from 150 to 250 A. The relatively high cracking susceptibility is mainly attributed to the high content of Si, which tends to segregate with other elements including W, Cr, Mn as films or components with low melting point in the last solidification stage and weaken the binding force of grain boundaries. Moreover, the existence of precipitated continuous eutectic M_6C carbides in the grain boundaries also acts as nucleation sites of crack initiation, and the cracks often propagate along solidification grain boundary.  相似文献   

15.
Failure analysis of a guide roller used in a bar mill of an integrated steel plant has been presented. The guide rollers are positioned at the entry of rolling stands and act as guide in the multi-grooved pass for aligning the hot bars and hold the twisted oval bar while it enters a round pass. The hot bar is at a temperature of ??1100°C, and the rollers are water cooled. The component is subjected to cyclic thermal stress depending on the mill operating conditions. The rollers are cracking longitudinally leading to failure. The investigation consists of visual inspection, chemical analysis, fractography, characterization of microstructures using optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and measurement of micro-hardness. The chemical analysis indicates the material as AISI D2 grade of cold work tool steel. Visual observation of the failed component shows multiple longitudinal cracks on the roller surface associated with a dark circular band of oxidation. The fracture surface shows a dark oxidized area propagating from the roller surface followed by flat bright appearance indicating final brittle fracture. Fractography of the dark surface from where the crack initiates shows fatigue striations. Microstructural examination under optical and SEM shows a network of coarse carbide particles at the grain boundary as well as uniformly distributed fine carbide precipitates within the martensite matrix. Multiple cracks are observed to initiate and propagate from the surface through the clusters of grain boundary carbides. EDS analysis and elemental mapping suggest the carbides to be chromium carbides. SEM shows micro-cracking of carbide particles associated with the crack. Clustered distribution of carbides deteriorates toughness and initiates cracking at the roller surface subjected to thermal cycling because of their differential thermal expansion coefficient leading to the failure of the component.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

A room temperature three point bent-beam test was conducted for preoxidized coupon specimens of ferritic 2%Cr (T22), 9%Cr (T91), and 12%Cr (T122) steels in order to examine the fracture/spalling behavior of steam-grown oxide scale. Test specimens were reacted with atmospheric 100% steam at 550–750°C for 1000-4800 h. Oxide scale thickness of the tested steels was 15–1150 μm for the 2Cr steel, 30–450 μm for the 9Cr steel, and 25–60 μm for the 12Cr steel. External tensile strain of up to 1.86% was loaded to each preoxidized specimen surface and the fracture/spalling behavior of steam-grown oxide scale was investigated visually and by microscopic observation. For the 2Cr steel, scale greater than 380 μm exfoliated without applying any external strain. For thin-scaled specimens of 15–20 μm thick, a tensile strain of 0.25% and more caused through-scale cracking perpendicular to the scale/metal interface. For these specimens, cracks along the scale/metal interface also resulted, and the oxide scale became separated from the base metal. For the 9Cr steel, scale exfoliation due to cooling was not prominent even for specimens with 450 μm thick scales. External tensile strain of 0.91% and 1.86% caused through-scale cracking to the oxide scale, but the scale/metal interface remained intact and scale exfoliation did not take place. This was the same for the 12Cr steel. Clearly, spalling resistance of the steam-grown oxide scale was significantly higher for the 9Cr and 12Cr steels than for the 2Cr steel.  相似文献   

17.
通过化学分析、力学性能检测、表面残余应力检测、金相检验和断口分析的方法,分析了0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢锻件开裂的原因,结果显示,该锻件的开裂是由于回火不足引起的应力腐蚀开裂。  相似文献   

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