原位聚合增密次数对C/C复合材料性能的影响

以萘为基体碳源,Lewis酸为催化剂,通过对芳烃小分子的催化缩聚建立了一种新型原位聚合C/C复合材料的增密方法。分别对两种不同密度的炭纤维增强C/C复合材料预制体进行致密化处理,研究了原位增密次数对材料体积密度、电阻率、弯曲强度和断面形貌的影响。结果表明:经过五次致密化循环,样品密度分别由原来的1.05 g/cm3和1.68g/cm3提高到1.52g/cm3和1.83g/cm3,电阻率由4.44mΩ.cm和0.84mΩ.cm降至1.09mΩ.cm和0.28mΩ.cm,弯曲强度由26MPa和86MPa增至95MPa和211MPa,说明原位聚合增密方法非常有利于快速提高复合材料的密度和其他物理性能,是一种有前途的增密新途径。     

SiC颗粒整形对高体分铝基复合材料力学性能的影响及有限元模拟

采用流化床气流磨法对平均粒径为65μm的国产磨料级碳化硅(SiC)颗粒进行整形,然后采用无压浸渗法制备高体分SiC_p/Al复合材料,研究颗粒整形对复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经整形处理的SiC颗粒更趋近于球形,平均粒度降至52μm,堆积密度由1. 577 g/cm~3提升至1. 846 g/cm~3,复合材料中SiC颗粒体积分数从53. 27%提升至61. 09%,这是复合材料力学性能提升的主要原因。相应地,材料抗弯强度从376 MPa提升至431 MPa,弹性模量从196 GPa提升至219 GPa,材料抵抗微小变形的能力更强。有限元分析结果表明,整形态复合材料在受力过程中应力和应变分布更均匀,局部应力集中现象不显著。     

再生骨料高强混凝土材料的制备及性能研究

以精细再生骨料置换精细天然骨料为原料制备混凝土,设计制备精细再生骨料与精细天然骨料不同的置换比、水/水泥(W/C)不同混合比的混凝土标本,并评价其可加工性、密度、抗压强度及导电率等性能。结果表明,水/水泥比率、精细再生骨料对精细天然骨料的置换量率对混凝土标本的加工性没有影响,均可满足混泥土塌落度的要求;而在水/水泥比率为W/C=0.35,精细再生骨料与精细天然骨料的置换比为50%时,A50混凝土标本的密度较高,抗压强度达到61.34 MPa,电阻率达到14.08 kΩ·cm,满足高强度混凝土强度标准。由此可知,精细再生骨料置换比的最佳比例为50%左右,此比例不会影响混凝土标本的物理、机械性能和耐久性,制得的混凝土性能最优。     

沥青炭包覆微晶石墨用作锂离子电池负极材料的研究

针对微晶石墨振实密度低和首次库仑效率低的缺点,采用真空浸渍-炭化工艺对微晶石墨进行沥青炭包覆改性,利用XRD、拉曼光谱和SEM等分析了炭包覆前后微晶石墨的结构和表面形貌,利用比表面测试仪测试了样品的BET比表面积,利用振实密度仪测定振实密度,并通过恒电流充放电和循环伏安等测试了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,炭包覆后微晶石墨的石墨化度略有降低,拉曼R值由0.63增大至0.85;颗粒表面更光滑平整,BET比表面积降低0.9m2/g,振实密度从0.95g/cm3提高至1.08g/cm3;不可逆容量损失从121mAh/g减小到44mAh/g,可逆容量从300mAh/g提高到320mAh/g,首次库仑效率从71.2%提高到87.4%,而且循环性能得到明显改善。     

再生粗骨料的随机特性及分级方法研究

通过96个不同来源废旧混凝土再生粗骨料样本的试验,研究了再生粗骨料吸水率、堆积密度、饱和面干表观密度和压碎指标的概率分布特征。试验结果表明,四个指标均服从正态分布。根据相对方差和极差分析结果,确定了吸水率和压碎指标作为再生粗骨料品质分级的控制指标。然后对不同来源再生粗骨料混凝土进行抗压强度试验,得到了再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标的分级范围,从而提出了再生粗骨料品质的分级方法。最后利用其他研究者的试验数据,验证了该方法对再生粗骨料分级的合理性。     

组成及骨料特性对UHPC基体流动性和抗压强度的影响

本工作通过调整砂胶比和拟合改进的Andreasen-Andersen颗粒堆积模型,计算得到了UHPC基体中各固体组分的比例。基于新拌超高性能混凝土(UHPC)基体的湿堆积密度和流动性确定了高效减水剂的最优掺量。研究分析了不同配合比设计参数(砂胶比和胶凝材料组分)、骨料特性(颗粒球形度和圆度)对UHPC基体的流动性和抗压强度的影响。结果表明：当砂胶比从0.8增加为1.2时,掺河砂的UHPC基体的湿堆积密度、流动性和7 d抗压强度逐渐降低;对比调整砂胶比和改变胶凝材料组分的掺量,UHPC基体的流动性和湿堆积密度变化趋势主要受砂胶比影响;当高效减水剂掺量为0.5%～2.0%时,UHPC基体的PFT、湿堆积密度和流动性先缓慢升高后迅速下降;骨料形状对UHPC基体的湿堆积密度、流动性和28 d抗压强度的影响较大;在UHPC基体实现紧密堆积后,影响UHPC基体的抗压强度的主要因素为骨料形貌,而胶凝材料组分掺量的影响较小;当骨料最大粒径相同时,增加骨料的球形度和圆度显著增加了UHPC基体的流动性,但降低了UHPC基体的抗压强度。     

应用挤塑板颗粒制备轻骨料混凝土

在生产挤塑聚苯乙烯板(XPS)的过程中会产生大量的颗粒废料，为避免产生环境问题，可将XPS颗粒废料用于制备轻骨料混凝土。采用外掺法研究聚苯颗粒掺量、 XPS废料颗粒和可再分散性乳胶粉对轻骨料混凝土性能的影响。结果表明：聚苯颗粒体积掺量小于1 200 mL时，与混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、密度呈线性关系，当聚苯颗粒体积掺量为1 500 mL时在混凝土中趋向于饱和；可再分散性乳胶粉能改善聚苯颗粒与混凝土之间的界面问题，当质量掺量为6 g时，抗压强度提高了28%、抗折强度提高了48%。使用XPS颗粒等体积取代聚苯颗粒，XPS颗粒较大的空隙率导致导热系数升高；计算中去除颗粒之间空隙后，XPS颗粒等体积取代聚苯颗粒，当取代2/3的聚苯颗粒时导热系数降至0.0 896 W/(m·K)。     

再生粗骨料的随机特性及分级方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

通过96个不同来源废旧混凝土再生粗骨料样本的试验,研究了再生粗骨料吸水率、堆积密度、饱和面干表观密度和压碎指标的概率分布特征。试验结果表明,四个指标均服从正态分布。根据相对方差和极差分析结果,确定了吸水率和压碎指标作为再生粗骨料品质分级的控制指标。然后对不同来源再生粗骨料混凝土进行抗压强度试验,得到了再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标的分级范围,从而提出了再生粗骨料品质的分级方法。最后利用其他研究者的试验数据,验证了该方法对再生粗骨料分级的合理性。     

催化活化法制备高丁烷工作容量颗粒活性炭

在已报道的高丁烷工作容量(BWC)颗粒活性炭(GAC)的制备研究中,其制备周期比较长。在传统的磷酸法颗粒活性炭的制备过程中,采用了塑化阶段加入浓硫酸来促进杉木屑组织中生物高聚物的酸催化解聚并低分子化。研究结果表明浓硫酸添加量为6%时,GAC的BWC由未添加浓硫酸时的11.9 g/100mL增加到14.4g/100mL,提高了近21%;中孔孔容由0.508cm3/g增加到0.939cm3/g,提高了85%;BET比表面积由1902m2/g增加到2325m2/g,提高了22%;总孔容由1.029cm3/g增加到1.685cm3/g,提高了近64%;微孔容积由0.521cm3/g增加到0.746cm3/g,提高了43%。而且,其制备周期也从先前的20~70h缩短至5h以内。     

双组分TiOBu4/TiCl4载体催化剂的烯烃气相聚合与共聚合

研究TiOBu4/TiCl4载体催化剂对乙烯气相聚合与共聚合性能的影响.当MTiOBu4/MTiCl4=0.6时,乙烯的聚合催化效率最高达13.8×103 g/g,颗粒分布窄,20 mesh～200 mesh颗粒质量分数为1,共聚性能好,同等条件下,支化度最高为22,密度最小为0.904 g/cm3,熔点、结晶度最小,分别为120.9 ℃,28%.乙烯/1-丁烯共聚合,随着1-丁烯含量增加催化效率总体下降,相对分子质量下降,熔点、结晶度、密度下降,支化度增加.共聚单体1-丁烯为30%时,共聚产物熔点、结晶度、密度,分别为120.4 ℃,28%,0.884 g/cm3,支化度为43支链数/1000C.     

再生骨料掺配比对再生透水混凝土性能的影响

为研究再生骨料在透水混凝土（RPC）中的应用,选用废弃路面素混凝土块为再生骨料来源,设计2种系列,研究再生骨料透水混凝土中再生骨料掺配问题,即分别以粒径9.5~19.0 mm,再生骨料按0%、25%、50%、75%和100%（基准）质量替代同粒径天然骨料碎石（系列1）和以4.75~9.5 mm、9.5~19.0 mm两种粒径,再生骨料按0∶1、1∶1、1∶2、2∶1、2∶3和3∶2掺比（系列2）制备RPC,并分析其物理、力学、透水性能及其相互关系,得到了合理的再生骨料替代率和双粒级掺比,在1∶1和2∶1掺配下能够得到较好的强度及透水性能。通过切割试块的图像化处理,分析其孔隙分布特征和趋势,并将平面孔隙率、等效孔径和透水系数联系起来。结果表明,再生透水混凝土的透水能力主要取决于截面孔隙个数和面积。     

钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的抗冻性试验

为使废弃混凝土和再生橡胶在北方地区混凝土工程中得以应用,采用正交试验法研究再生粗骨料掺量、再生粗骨料强化方式、钢纤维掺量与橡胶掺量对钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土(C45)立方体抗压强度和抗冻性的影响规律。利用扫描电镜和螺旋CT扫描技术研究了钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的宏观和细观结构及其对抗冻性能的影响机理。结果表明:橡胶颗粒掺量是影响再生混凝土含气量、抗压强度和相对动弹模量的重要因素,再生粗骨料掺量是影响相对动弹模量和强度损失率的次要因素,钢纤维掺量对混凝土抗压强度增强作用较小,粗骨料强化方式对混凝土性能影响不大;橡胶颗粒与砂浆界面的裂缝宽度在5~55μm之间,二者之间的相容性较差;当橡胶颗粒掺量(与砂的体积比)大于20%后,随橡胶颗粒掺量增大,混凝土内部孔洞数目增多,钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土抗压强度降低、抗冻性减弱。     

Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates

In this study, the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using recycled concrete aggregate as both coarse and fine aggregates were evaluated. Three series of SCC mixtures were prepared with 100% coarse recycled aggregates, and different levels of fine recycled aggregates were used to replace river sand. The cement content was kept constant for all concrete mixtures. The SCC mixtures were prepared with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fine recycled aggregates, the corresponding water-to-binder ratios (W/B) were 0.53 and 0.44 for the SCC mixtures in Series I and II, respectively. The SCC mixtures in Series III were prepared with 100% recycled concrete aggregates (both coarse and fine) but three different W/B ratios of 0.44, 0.40 and 0.35 were used. Different tests covering fresh, hardened and durability properties of these SCC mixtures were executed. The results indicate that the properties of the SCCs made from river sand and crushed fine recycled aggregates showed only slight differences. The feasibility of utilizing fine and coarse recycled aggregates with rejected fly ash and Class F fly ash for self-compacting concrete has been demonstrated.     

Influence of recycled aggregate on slump and bleeding of fresh concrete

The recycling of construction and demolition (C&;D) waste as a source of aggregates for the production of new concrete has attracted increasing interests from the construction industry. While the environmental benefits of using recycled aggregates are well accepted, some unsolved problems prevent this type of material from wide application in structural concrete. One of the major problems with the use of recycled aggregates in structural concrete is their high water absorption capacity which leads to difficulties in controlling the properties of fresh concrete and consequently influences the strength and durability of hardened concrete. This paper presents an experimental study on the properties of fresh concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Concrete mixes with a target compressive strength of 35 MPa are prepared with the use of recycled aggregates at the levels from 0 to 100% of the total coarse aggregate. The influence of recycled aggregate on the slump and bleeding are investigated. The effect of delaying the starting time of bleeding tests and the effect of using fly ash on the bleeding of concrete are explored.     

Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material

The use of recycled aggregates in concrete opens a whole new range of possibilities in the reuse of materials in the building industry. The utilisation of recycled aggregates is a good solution to the problem of an excess of waste material, provided that the desired final product quality is reached. The studies on the use of recycled aggregates have been going on for 50 years. In fact, none of the results showed that recycled aggregates are unsuitable for structural use. However, some hypothetical problems related to durability aspects resulted in recycled aggregates being employed practically only as base filler for road construction. This paper focuses on the possibility of the use of recycled aggregate concrete as a structural material. For that purpose an experimental study of the shear behaviour and strength of beams made with recycled aggregate concrete was studied. Twelve beam specimens with the same compression strength, four concrete mixtures using different percentages of recycled coarse aggregates (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and three different transverse reinforcement arrangements were cast and tested up to failure. Analytical predictions of the experimental results were carried out using a numerical model based on the modified compression field theory and simplified models such as those proposed by Cladera & Mari, the Canadian standard CSA and the Eurocode-2. The results obtained indicate that a substitution of less than 25% of coarse aggregate, scarcely affects the shear capacity of RC beams, provided that all measures related to dosage and durability aspects have been adopted.     

Caractérisation de la durabilité des bétons recyclés à base de gros et fins granulats de briques et de béton concassés

Among the transport phenomena, water absorption, water permeability and shrinkage prove to be of primary and great importance for the evaluation of durability of recycled concrete with coarse and fine recycled aggregates. Either coarse aggregates, fine aggregates or both coarse and fine aggregates were partially replaced (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with crushed concrete and brick aggregates. The results indicate that water absorption is high and water permeability can be double that of concrete made with 100% natural aggregate concrete. This study also showed that recycled concrete mix having the highest water absorption and water permeably corresponds always to the mix with the highest shrinkage. The physical and mechanical properties of recycled concretes seem to be acceptable.     

Influence of steam curing on the pore structures and mechanical properties of fly-ash high performance concrete prepared with recycled aggregates

In this research work, High Performance Concrete (HPC) was produced employing 30% of fly ash and 70% of Portland cement as binder materials. Three types of coarse recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) sourced from medium to high strength concretes were employed as 100% replacement of natural aggregates for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) production. The specimens of four types of concretes (natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and three RACs) were subjected to initial steam curing besides the conventional curing process. The use of high quality RCA (>100 MPa) in HPC produced RAC with similar or improved pore structures, compressive and splitting tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity to those of NAC. It was determined that the mechanical and physical behaviour of HPC decreased with the reduction of RCA quality. Nonetheless steam-cured RACs had greater reductions of porosity up to 90 days than NAC, which led to lower capillary pore volume.     

The role of 0–2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of 0–2 mm fine aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) concrete with normal and high strengths. Normal coarse and fine aggregates were substituted with the same grading of RCAs in two normal and high strength concrete mixtures. In addition, to keep the same slump value for all mixes, additional water or superplasticizer were used in the RCA concretes. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths were measured at 3, 7 and 28 days. Test results show that coarse and fine RCAs, which were achieved from a parent concrete with 30 MPa compressive strength, have about 11.5 and 3.5 times higher water absorption than normal coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The density of RCAs was about 20% less than normal aggregates, and, hence, the density of RCA concrete was about 8–13.5% less than normal aggregate concrete. The use of RCA instead of normal aggregates reduced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths in both normal and high strength concrete. The reduction in the splitting tensile strength was more pronounced than for the compressive strength. However, both strengths could be improved by incorporating silica fume and/or normal fine aggregates of 0–2 mm size in the RCA concrete mixture. The positive effect of the contribution of normal sand of 0–2 mm in RCA concrete is more pronounced in the compressive strength of a normal strength concrete and in the splitting tensile strength of high strength concrete. In addition, some equation predictions of the splitting tensile strength from compressive strength are recommended for both normal and RCA concretes.     

Influence of recycled coarse aggregates on permeability of fresh concrete

The following work is an experimental study of the behaviour of very early-age concrete. Six different concretes, four of them containing recycled coarse aggregates were studied for the first 2.5 h. The studies were carried out in a ventilated tunnel in order to imitate severe desiccation conditions. In order to indirectly obtain the permeability coefficient, settlement, capillary depression and evaporation were measured for all six concretes. The initial permeability coefficient of each concrete is determined starting from initial bleeding rate. The use of recycled coarse aggregates leads to a high bleeding rate for high water to cement ratios. Permeability coefficients at air entry are then determined starting from capillary depression gradients. Recycled coarse aggregates do not seem to influence the air entry value which is highly dependent on the paste quality. At air entry, the permeability coefficient of recycled coarse aggregates concrete mixes is higher than that of natural aggregates concrete mixes. At high evaporation rates, in severe desiccation conditions, recycled coarse aggregates seem to reduce bleeding for mixture with low water cement ratios. Permeability coefficient is a key physical parameter to understand drying of fresh concrete.     

Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete

This paper investigates the influence of different amounts of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from a demolished RCC culvert 15 years old on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A new term called “coarse aggregate replacement ratio (CRR)” is introduced and is defined as the ratio of weight of recycled coarse aggregate to the total weight of coarse aggregate in a concrete mix. To analyze the behaviour of concrete in both the fresh and hardened state, a coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 are adopted in the concrete mixes. The properties namely compressive and indirect tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, volume of voids, density of hardened concrete and depth of chloride penetration are studied. From the experimental results it is observed that the concrete cured in air after 7 days of wet curing shows better strength than concrete cured completely under water for 28 days for all coarse aggregate replacement ratios. The volume of voids and water absorption of recycled aggregate concrete are 2.61 and 1.82% higher than those of normal concrete due to the high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to recycled aggregates. The relationships among compressive strength, tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity are developed and verified with the models reported in the literature for both normal and recycled aggregate concrete. In addition, the non-destructive testing parameters such as rebound number and UPV (Ultrasonic pulse velocity) are reported. The study demonstrates the potential use of field recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete.