高氯酸钾比氯酸钾安全的原因

本文从热化学方面和分子结构方面讨论了高氯酸钾比氯酸钾安全的原因,并阐述了在烟花药剂中不得使用氯酸钾作氧化剂的理由。     

高氯酸钾产品含量测定方法的改进

建立一种高氯酸钾含量测定的新方法,较之行业标准HG3247—2000中高氯酸钾含量的测定方法不仅精密度好、准确度也高。     

文摘

1.铝粉与氯酸钾和高氯酸钾的反应 Nakamura, Hidetsugu; Hara, Yasutake; Osada, Hideyo (Dep.Environ. Sci. Kyushu Inst Technol. Kitakyushu, Japan). Kogyo Kayaku 1983, 44(Ⅰ). 15～20 (日文) 用热分析方法研究了氯酸钾(Ⅰ)和高氯酸钾(Ⅱ)与铝粉的反应。当铝粉(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)或在空气或氧气中加热时,并不发生反应,只有在铝粉表面的三氧化二铝的作用下,才引     

氯酸钾性能分析与安全管理对策

文章从防火防爆安全角度出发,对氯酸钾的理化性能、爆炸危险性、检测进行了概括总结,给出了一些相关的实验数据,对氯酸钾的安全管理有一定的参考价值.     

文摘

影响乳化炸药热性能的参数；表面改良的氯酸钾的感度和燃烧性质     

论氯酸钾在烟花爆竹中违规使用的危险性

烟花爆竹属易燃易爆的物品,所以在生产中经常会引起一些爆炸事故,原因是多方面的.但大多数的事故中有90%以上都是与氯酸钾有关,主要是因为违规使用氯酸钾的原因.因此,通过对烟花爆竹爆炸事故主要原因的分析,指出使用氯酸钾的危险性,从向提醒广大的生产商不要使用氯酸钾进行烟花爆竹的生产.     

常温Q235钢板磷化工艺优选

为开发环保、节能、高效的常温磷化工艺,研制了一种可在常温下磷化钢板的磷化液,并对Q235钢板进行磷化处理,采用硫酸铜点滴试验测试磷化膜的耐蚀性,考察了磷化液成分(氧化锌、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸、氯酸钾)的含量、磷化时间以及磷化次数对Q235钢板表面磷化膜耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:磷化液主要组分的最佳用量为氧化锌25 g/L、磷酸二氢钠22 g/L、磷酸90 mL/L、氯酸钾8 g/L,此条件下常温磷化20 min时,所得磷化膜的质量最好,其硫酸铜点滴时间可达54 s;同一磷化液中,随着磷化次数的增加,磷化膜性能逐渐变差。     

缩丁醛做粘合剂的药头试验

1 概述我厂过去使用的引火药头为氯酸钾-木炭系,其粘合剂为过氯乙烯。这种组成决定了此药头易出气孔,形状难以控制,并影响其性能。为此,工人用药将气孔堵上。     

氯酸钾炸药爆炸性能研究

实验配制了7种典型氯酸钾炸药,进行了猛度测试,获得了相关实验数据.实验表明,氯酸钾与凡士林、铝粉配制的炸药具有较强的猛度,其猛度值与2#岩石炸药猛度值相当,相当于梯恩梯炸药的67%;75%氯酸钾、20%硫磺和5%铝粉配制成的炸药其猛度值相当于梯恩梯的47%.     

氯酸钾防结块剂的研究

该文分析了无机盐结块理论和氯酸钾晶体的防结块特点。采用阴离子表面活性剂和有机硅，研制出了一种新型氯酸钾防结块剂。     

Potassium channels

Potassium channels are integral membrane proteins that selectively transport K/sup +/ across the cell membrane. They are present in all mammalian cells and have a wide variety of roles in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. The phenotypic diversity required to accomplish their various roles is created by differences in conductance, the timecourse and mechanisms of different gating events, and the interaction of channels with a variety of accessory proteins. Through the integration of biophysical, molecular, structural, and theoretical studies, significant progress has been made toward understanding the structural basis of K/sup +/ channel function, and diseases associated with K/sup +/ channel dysfunction.     

钾长石中钾的加压浸取方法

研究了消石灰和钾长石的加压反应条件，获得９０％或更高的提取率。测得浸取反应级数为１．５级，活化能为４５．５ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。比较了正长石型和微斜长石型两种典型钾长石的预处理条件，指明了浸取残渣的利用途径。     

Luminescence of Eu3+-Activated Potassium Scandium and Potassium Yttrium Phosphate Vanadates

The photoluminescence spectra of potassium rare-earth phosphate vanadates K₃R_{1 – y} Eu _y (PO₄) _x (VO₄)_{2 – x} (R = Sc, Y) were measured in the range 450–800 nm under excitation at 337 nm. The energies of the Stark components of the ⁷ F _j(j= 0, 1, 2) multiplet were determined, and the crystal-field parameters were evaluated. The effects of the Eu³⁺concentration and PO₄ ^3–/VO₄ ^3–ratio on the luminescence of the materials studied and the concentration quenching of luminescence were analyzed. The materials with high Eu³⁺concentrations are shown to be potentially attractive as photo- and cathodoluminophors.     

Performance Evaluation of Potassium Dichromate and Potassium Chromate Inhibitors on Concrete Steel Rebar Corrosion

This study investigated the performance of potassium dichromate and potassium chromate inhibitors on the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete partially immersed in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride medium. The open circuit potential corrosion monitoring technique was employed for the acidic and marine simulating environments, and potential readings were taken in accordance with ASTM C 876. Inhibiting quality and uniformity of the inhibitors were then analyzed using an extreme value statistical modeling approach of the Weibull probability density distribution for determining the most efficient inhibitor. In the inhibitor concentrations used, the statistically analyzed experimental results identified 0.145 M potassium chromate as exhibiting the best inhibiting quality in sulfuric acid whereas the synergetic admixture of 0.032 M potassium dichromate and 0.097 M potassium chromate was predicted as showing the lowest probability of corrosion risk in sodium chloride solution. However, the overall probabilistic results rated potassium chromate as the best inhibitor compared to potassium dichromate in most of the other concentrations investigated in the study, especially in concrete structures exposed to saline environments.     

Luminescence Spectra of Eu3+-Activated Potassium Lanthanum and Potassium Gadolinium Phosphate Vanadates

The effects of the Eu³⁺concentration and PO₄/VO₄ratio on the photoluminescence (PL) of K₃R_{1 – y} Eu _y (PO₄) _x (VO₄)_{2 – x} (R = La, Gd) phosphate vanadates were studied over wide composition ranges. The energies of the Stark components of the ⁷ F _j(j= 0, 1, 2) levels were determined, and the crystal-field parameters were evaluated. The concentration quenching of Eu³⁺luminescence was examined. The PL intensity was found to increase with Eu³⁺content up to y= 0.3. At higher Eu³⁺contents, the PL intensity decreases, without, however, complete luminescence quenching even at y= 1. K₃Gd_0.7Eu_0.3(VO₄)₂and K₃Gd_0.7Eu_0.3(PO₄)_0.3(VO₄)_1.7were found to exhibit the brightest photoluminescence.     

一种苦味酸钾/高氯酸钾/硫化锑电引火药头的研制

研制一种由苦味酸钾、高氯酸钾、硫化锑与聚乙烯醇混制的无起爆药电引火药头,对该药头试样的耐热和吸湿性、感度、相容性、点火可靠性、电学特性等参数进行了测试。试验结果表明,该药头各项性能指标明显优于KClO3/C/DDNP系电引火药头,由该药头组装的无起爆药延期电雷管具有延期精度高、发火可靠性好、安全环保等优点,是一种理想的电引火药头。     

MXene-Based Dendrite-Free Potassium Metal Batteries

Potassium metal batteries are considered as attractive alternatives beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth on the potassium metal anode has restrained their practical applications. A high-performance potassium anode achieved by confining potassium metal into a titanium-deficient nitrogen-containing MXene/carbon nanotube freestanding scaffold is reported. The high electronic transport and fast potassium diffusion in this scaffold enable reduced local current density and homogeneous ionic flux during plating/stripping processes. Furthermore, as verified by theoretical calculations and experimental investigations, such “potassium-philic” MXene sheets can induce the nucleation of potassium, and guide potassium to uniformly distribute in the scaffold upon cycling. Consequently, the as-developed potassium metal anodes exhibit a dendrite-free morphology with high Coulombic efficiency and long cycle life during plating/stripping processes. Such anodes also deliver significantly improved electrochemical performances in potassium–sulfur batteries compared with bare potassium metal anodes. This work can provide a new avenue for developing potassium metal-based batteries.     

氯化钾镀锌工艺的应用

1　前　言我厂曾选用ＰＭ型低应力氯化钾镀锌替代氰化物镀镉工艺 ,解决了弹性零件无氰镀锌不能除氢处理的难题 ,并获得了很好的经济效益和社会环境效益[1] 。但由于制造ＰＭ型氯化钾镀锌添加剂的原材料购买困难 ,质量很难保证 ,后来选用氯锌 1号氯化钾镀锌添加剂 ,通过大量的对比试验后 ,取代了ＰＭ添加剂 ,解决了添加剂质量不稳定的问题。然而 ,无论采用ＰＭ型还是氯锌 1号型氯化钾添加剂的电镀液 ,弹性零件的端部由于电流密度分布相对较大而易烧焦 ,降低了镀锌零件的合格率。 2 0 0 1年初 ,我厂采用自制的ＣＺ - 2Ａ型氯化钾镀锌添加剂 ,…     

Potassium formate as a secondary refrigerant

The properties of aqueous fluid of potassium formate were studied theoretically and experimentally in order to find an improved secondary refrigerant for indirect refrigeration systems. The most important advantages compared to the traditional aqueous solutions of alcohols and glycoles are good thermodynamic properties, low toxicity and non-flammability. A remarkable benefit is a reduced change of a laminar flow. Volumetric heat is lower, which brings about a higher rate of mass flow, if the temperature change of the fluid is maintained constant. However, because of the clearly lower values of viscosity, the pumping power demand is at same level. Good thermal conductivity promotes good heat transfer.