质量净收益与企业持续质量改进的经济性评价

在原有单纯质量成本的质量经济性评价方法的基础上，提出了质量净收益概念和基于质量净收益的质量经济性评价方法，并结合美国通用电气公司和摩托罗拉等跨国公司的实践，对企业进行持续质量改进的经济性进行了探讨和解释。     

建筑工程施工质量管理

施工质量管理,对于整个工程的建设和能否发挥应有的作用非常重要。论述了人、材料、机械、方法和环境几方面的质量控制,对其他工程项目施工有着指导意义。另外,本文还提出了一些新的概念及相应的措施以强化建筑质量管理,对解决目前我国建筑质量监管中存在的问题起到了一定的警示作用。     

道路施工质量问题与控制方法初探

国民经济的发展和社会的进步,推动着城市道路基础设施建设力度的同步加大。随着道路工程的飞速发展,道路质量通病口益显现。为了保证交通的畅通无阻,与市民的人身安全,必须重视和加强道路工程现场施工中的工程质量管理,提高道路的施工质量。因此,关于道路施工质量的控制以及预防问题,近年来得到了越来越高的重视。     

浅析企业管理中的质量成本管理

质量是企业的生存之本,在市场竞争激励的今天加强质量成本管理和控制对企业的发展具有重要的意义。加强质量成本管理,企业在生产经营中必须注意质量与效益的统一性。     

关于公路工程施工质量管理的探索

随着公路建设的发展，施工管理的内涵比过去更丰富，它不仅受到思想的制约，并兼有咨询、顾问，参谋、控制的涵义，探索适合我国国情和现代特点的认证体系就显得更为重要，已成为当务之急。     

建筑施工项目现场管理与控制探讨

施工质量控制,对于整个工程的建设和能否发挥应有的作用非常重要。论述了人、材料、机械、方法和环境几方面的质量控制,对其他工程项目施工有着指导意义。另外,本文还提出了一些新的概念及相应的措施以强化建筑质量管理,对解决目前我国建筑质量监管中存在的问题起到了一定的警示作用。     

工程项目的现场施工管理

施工质量控制,对于整个工程的建设和能否发挥应有的作用非常重要。论述了人、材料、机械、方法和环境几方面的质量控制,对其他工程项目施工有着指导意义。另外,本文还提出了一些新的概念及相应的措施以强化建筑质量管理,对解决目前我国建筑质量监管中存在的问题起到了一定的警示作用。     

论建筑施工监理管理存在的问题及预防对策

施工质量控制,对于整个工程的建设和能否发挥应有的作用非常重要。论述了人、材料、机械、方法和环境几方面的质量控制,对其他工程项目施工有着指导意义。另外,本文还提出了一些新的概念及相应的措施以强化建筑质量管理,对解决目前我国建筑质量监管中存在的问题起到了一定的警示作用。     

质量控制是保证产品质量的关键

本文通过质量控制的目的及重要意义，和质量环的质量控制，以及如何搞好质量控制的介绍，从而说明质量控制是保证产品质量的关键。     

Effects of synthetic oil in a compression refrigeration system using R410A. Part II: quality of heat transfer and pressure losses within the heat exchangers

The consequences of the oil rejected by the compressor of a vapour-compression refrigeration system on the operation of the evaporator and condenser are analysed. The modelled prototype uses the mixture of HFC R410A and a synthetic polyolester (POE) oil. The rise of the amount of lubricant circulating in the system leads to a progressive change in the behaviour of the mixture of refrigerant and oil that, for the higher oil mass fraction, evolves like a zeotropic mixture. One also observes that the presence of lubricant is generally associated with a fall of the performances of the heat exchangers, except however in the evaporator where an optimum is observed when the quantity of oil is equal to 0.1% of the total mass of the mixture. Some conclusions are drawn about the choice of correlations for the calculation of the refrigerant side heat transfer coefficient in a plate evaporator.     

Development of Catalytic Converters Using Detonation Spraying

One of the trends in hydrogen power engineering is the development of devices for the preparation of synthesis gas by the catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock. Studies show the advantages of catalytic converters based on a modular catalyst support with a honeycomb-type structure produced from a metal foil, both sides of which are coated with highly porous oxide ceramics. The drawback of this design is a poor ability of the coating to withstand high-temperature operating conditions. The coating may detach from the substrate because of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the metal foil and the ceramic coating. Besides, a corrosion of metal foil takes place. The result of the present study is the development and application of a two-step coating method, which allows significantly increasing the service life of the catalyst supports. At the first step, a low-porosity ceramic layer is deposited on a metal foil by detonation spraying. At the second step, a high-porosity layer of a ceramic catalyst is deposited from suspension. In this work, the peculiarities of the detonation spraying of the ceramic coating on a metal foil and the design of the obtained catalytic converter have been addressed.     

PET和PAN纤维的拉伸形变和断裂过程

在扫描电子显微镜样品室中拉伸PET和PAN纤维,动态观察了纤维的形变和断裂行为,用照片记录了裂缝发生、发展和纤维最终断裂的过程。剪切带的出现和由此引起微裂缝的发生是PET纤维拉伸形变的主要特征,而个别大分子束的断裂形成裂缝的广泛出现则是PAN纤维的主要特征。研究得出纤维的结晶状况是拉伸下纤维形变和断裂行为的决定性因素。     

Charge optimisation study of a reversible water-to-water propane heat pump

This paper presents the results and conclusions regarding the optimisation of the charge obtained throughout a thorough development study performed with a reversible water-to-water heat pump using propane as refrigerant. The paper first describes the influence of the charge on the capacity and COP of the unit at given operating conditions and then analyses the causes of such influence. Then, the theoretical study carried out with a detailed mathematical model to estimate the amount of refrigerant in each part of the unit is discussed. The second part of the paper is devoted to analysing the influence of the design of the evaporator (BPHE with and without integrated orifice distributor) and the operating conditions on the optimal charge. Finally, the effect of employing a POE or a mineral oil for lubrication on both performance and optimal charge is discussed.     

Effect of aging-deformation-treatment on the formation of intragranular ferrite in V-microalloyed steel

The influence of the aging-deformation-treatment on the formation of intragranular ferrite (IGF) in a vanadium microalloyed medium carbon steel (Fe–0.34C–1.53Mn) was studied. Effects of aging time on the volume fraction of IGF and austenite grain size were also investigated. The effect of the aging-deformation recrystallisation process on the amount of ferrite and the mechanism of IGF formation was discussed. The results show that aging-deformation-treatment makes the precipitation position of the carbonitride transfer from austenite grain boundary to intragranular, and the precipitated intragranular carbonitrides become the nucleation cores of the IGF during the recrystallisation. The content of precipitated carbonitrides, and the volume fraction of ferrites and the grain size of austenites, increase with the increasing aging time.     

Dynamic simulation of a thermostatically controlled counter-flow evaporatorSimulation dynamique d'un évaporateur à détendeur thermostatique avec débit à contre-courant

A numerical model is developed to simulate the transient behaviour of a counter-flow water cooling evaporator controlled by a thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) in a vapour compression refrigeration system. The liquid–vapour slip in the two-phase region of the evaporator is accounted for by a void fraction model (VFM). The thermal capacitance of the TEV is included in the analysis. For the purpose of comparison with predictions of the model, experimental data available are filtered to obtain the best estimate of the mean variation of the liquid–vapour transition plane. The predictions are in good trend-wise agreement with the filtered experimental data. The results of the transient simulations demonstrate the dependence of the stability of the evaporator–TEV system on the characteristics of the TEV, the thermal capacitance of the bulb, thermal conductance between the bulb and wall and on the nature of the input disturbance.     

采样序列长度及周波数对正弦参数拟合的影响

针对波形拟合法估计正弦参数时,测量条件对拟合参数带来的误差影响,进行了拟合误差界的搜索研究。选取的条件变量分别是A/D位数、幅度、序列所含波形的周波数、初始相位、直流分量以及序列数据点数。以两两联动的双条件组合方式进行误差界搜索,获得了幅度、频率、相位、直流分量、动态有效位数等拟合参数的误差界随不同条件变化而变化的曲线规律,筛分出了显著影响量和不显著影响量。并对A/D位数、序列所含波形的周波数、以及序列数据点数带来的影响进行了深入研究,获得了拟合参数的误差界呈现量子化阶梯特征的显著规律,并获得了量子化阶梯边界点估计的经验公式。该结果可用于拟合正弦参数的误差评价和不确定度估计,也可以用于在设定拟合误差和不确定度情况下,选择测量条件。     

Investigations into the improvement of the weather protection of unburnt brick masonry,part 2

In June 2006, the Chair of Structural Design at the Technical University of Dresden was commissioned by the Iranian cultural authority ICHHTO and the UNESCO to perform structural design services for the earthquake‐resistant repair and rebuilding of the Sistani House in the historic citadel Arg‐e‐Bam in the south of Iran. The citadel was until its almost complete destruction by an earthquake on 26 Dezember 2003 the largest building of unburnt brick masonry in the world and is listed as a World heritage Site by UNESCO because of its cultural and historical significance. Surveying and documentation work, archaeological rubble clearance and the rebuilding of the Sistani House after its destruction by the earthquake have taken the team from the department to Bam at regular intervals since 2006. In the course of the work, it became apparent that research was needed in the field of the repair of earthquake‐damaged unburnt brick masonry and into the improvement of the shear strength/earthquake resistance and the weather protection of unburnt brick masonry. The article is subdivided in Part 1, Introduction, test performance and assessment of results for additives to loam render [14] as well as Part 2, Assessment of the results for surface treatment to unburnt bricks and the climatic chamber tests.     

Experimental investigation and process optimization of the ultrasonic welding applied to papers

Ultrasonic welding is a serious candidate in the development of methods to assemble papers and paperboards without using additional substances. However, the ultrasonic welding of papers remains a technological challenge considering the low weldability of lignocellulosic materials. This study aims to investigate on the ultrasonic welding process applied to papers in order to identify the processing conditions which favor the formation of strong welded joints. To reach such purpose, an experimental strategy was developed by combining the characterization of welded materials and the monitoring of process parameters. Experimentations were performed using a reference paper displaying a good weldability to specifically highlight the contribution of process parameters. Results indicate that the process is highly sensitive to vibration amplitude, power supplied by the high frequency generator, and sample thickness. Power seems to be a reliable indicator of the severity of the process. A strong decrease in the strength of the welded joints is observed when working with low thicknesses. It seems that the layers coated on top of papers are the main part of the material contributing in the development of adhesion at the welding joint. Overall, instrumenting the device has led to a better understanding of the ultrasonic welding of papers.     

Effects of shapes of electrodes on freezing of supercooled water in electric freeze control

In order to clarify the effects of electric charge on freezing of supercooled water, experiments were carried out. Two kinds of shapes were used for tips of electrodes. One was the sharp end surface. The other was the flat end surface. Aluminum was selected as the material. Water sample was kept in a test tube and cooled down at a constant cooling rate. When the water sample was maintained under a supercooling state, an electric charge was applied to the water sample with a small electric current. The degree of supercooling and the electric current were measured, continuously. Then the degree of supercooling at freezing was determined. It was found that the effects of electric charge were distinct according to the shapes of electrodes. The degree of supercooling at freezing was the lower in the case of flat end surface of the anode than that in the case of sharp end surface of the anode.