光纤激光器功率对Cr12MoV钢表面淬火组织与性能的影响

由于光纤激光的良好光束质量,光纤激光器在金属材料表面强化方面的应用日益引起学者的重视。使用YLS-3000W光纤激光器对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢进行激光表面淬火处理的工艺试验,研究了不同工艺参数对硬化层深度和显微硬度的影响及硬化层显微组织特征。结果表明,Cr12MoV表面经光纤激光表面淬火后得到淬火层、过渡层和基体3层不同的组织。淬火层的晶粒细小,由隐晶马氏体、弥散分布的碳化物组成。过渡层由马氏体及弥散分布的碳化物和残留奥氏体组成。在扫描速度和离焦量一定的条件下,相变硬化层深度随光纤激光功率的增大而增加。在最佳工艺(光纤激光功率900W,扫描速度0.3m/s,离焦量-4mm)条件下,硬化层平均硬度达609HV。分析认为光纤激光淬火造成的组织细化和过饱和的隐晶马氏体的形成是硬度提高的主要原因。     

45 钢表面激光相变硬化改性组织及耐蚀性能

目的为了改善45钢表面状态,提高其表面性能,采用CO2激光器对其表面进行激光相变硬化处理。方法利用带有能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、盐雾试验机等,对激光相变硬化层组织及耐蚀性能进行了观察和分析。结果激光相变硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区三部分组成,其组织依次为:混合马氏体+未溶碳化物、针状马氏体、残余奥氏体。随扫描速度增加,耐蚀性先变好而后变差。结论激光相变硬化处理可改善45钢的表面性能,显著提高其耐蚀性能。     

稀土对激光重熔合金化层组织与性能的影响

本文研究了加稀土与不加稀土的Fe-B-Si非晶粉末涂层经激光重熔后的组织与性能。结果发现,加入稀土元素的激光重熔合金化层硬度HV从未加稀土的685提高为1180;磨损体积由未加稀土时的0.86减少到0.42;其硬度、耐磨性均比未加稀土的提高一倍左右。显微组织分析表明,加入稀土的激光重熔合金化层有马氏体相变发生,其基体组织为奥氏体及部分马氏体枝晶、碳化物、合金化合物与奥氏体及马氏体共晶组成。未加稀土的激光重熔合金化层中没有马氏体相变发生,基体组织为奥氏体枝晶和枝晶间的枝杈状、锯齿状、碳化物、合金化合物等共晶组成。     

GCr15轴承钢激光表面熔凝强化的研究

本文研究了 GCr15轴承钢经激光表面熔凝处理后显微组织的变化,讨论了激光表面熔凝的强化机理。激光表面熔凝强化的本质是马氏体的孪晶强化,残余奥氏体的形变强化、碳的固溶强化及枝晶细化强化等。     

45钢激光合金化后的组织结构及性能

对45钢激光合金化处理可改善其组织结构及性能。研究了45钢不同工艺条件(功率、扫描速度)下激光处理后的组织结构、成分、显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:45钢合金化后从表层到基体的区域分为合金化区、过渡区和热影响区,其中合金化区由树枝晶和胞状晶组成;合金化区的显微硬度相对于基体有明显提高,且随扫描速度以及功率的增大,合金化区的硬度增大;45钢合金化后耐腐蚀性能得到了较大的提升。     

缸套渗碳淬火工艺的改进

渗碳钢20crMnTi执行一次淬火工艺后,硬度值偏低,在48—50HRC之间,金相组织为粗针状马氏体＋35残余奥氏体＋未溶碳化物,因为粗针马氏体与残余奥氏体的存在,使得渗碳件的强度及表面硬度降低。执行二次淬火工艺后表面硬度达到了60HRCP以上,组织为隐晶马氏体＋弥散的颗粒状碳化物,该工艺有效的减少了残余奥氏体量,提升了渗碳件的硬度及耐磨性。     

球墨铸铁表面电弧增材制造Fe‒Cr合金结合区组织和性能

目的 在球墨铸铁基体上电弧增材制造Fe-Cr合金,研究结合区组织和性能,以期获得具有良好冶金结合、满足冲裁模具性能要求的双金属构件。方法 采用GMAW工艺增材制造,用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征结合区的显微组织,并分析其形成机制。结果 Fe-Cr合金与球墨铸铁结合区无明显裂纹和气孔,其凝固组织为柱状晶和等轴晶,冷却后转变为马氏体和残余奥氏体,但其分布不均匀,在界面处有一富奥氏体层。结合区内球墨铸铁受热影响发生奥氏体化和部分熔化,熔化发生在临近结合界面的石墨球周围,其冷却后形成一层马氏体和一层莱氏体的双层壳型组织结构,未熔化部位的组织为马氏体和铁素体,珠光体球墨铸铁比铁素体球墨铸铁形成的马氏体多。结合区内硬度分布不均匀,球墨铸铁的硬度从基材到结合界面逐渐升高,最高达630HV,Fe-Cr合金平均硬度为510HV。结论 电弧增材制造Fe-Cr合金与球墨铸铁基体冶金结合良好,Fe-Cr合金组织为马氏体和残余奥氏体,有较高的硬度,能满足冲裁模具的性能要求。     

激光表面重熔对高速钢显微组织的影响

采用CO_2连续波激光对W18Cr4V高速钢进行表面重熔处理。分析结果表明,经激光重熔后高速钢的显微组织明显细化,重熔层内的相构成为马氏体、奥氏体,过剩的δ铁素体和M_6C、M_(23)C_6型碳化物。枝晶内为孪晶马氏体和部分板条马氏体。枝晶间为富合金元素的奥氏体和M_6C碳化物,孪晶马氏体上沿孪晶面有M_(23)C_6碳化物共格析出。激光扫描速度增加、δ铁素体量增多,重熔层显微硬度下降。     

激光扫描速度对40Cr钢表面组织结构的影响

对调质态的４０Ｃｒ钢试样用ＣＯ２连续波输出激光速进行相变硬化处理，用穆斯堡尔谱学方法研究了激光扫描速度对试样表面层组织结构的影响，结果表明，４０Ｃｒ钢激光硬化层的组织为马氏体，残余奥氏体和少量未溶碳化物。随激光扫描速度增大，试样中的马氏体和未溶碳化物的含量不断增加，残余奥氏体含量则连续下降。     

球墨铸铁的等离子束表面强化研究

利用等离子束对球墨铸铁进行表面熔凝和表面合金化强化处理。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、电化学工作站和磨损试验机等设备对强化层的组织、性能进行测试。结果表明:等离子束表面强化处理后,球墨铸铁表面石墨相完全消失,形成的改性层显微组织主要是枝晶结构;改性层的硬度最高值出现在次表层,熔凝层的最高硬度为1243HV0.1,合金化层的最高硬度达1343HV0.1;熔凝层和合金化层的耐蚀性和耐磨性相对于基体来说有很大的提高,并且由于合金化层具有更多的碳化物,组织更加致密均匀,其耐蚀性和耐磨性明显好于熔凝层。     

Laser Surface Hardening of 9CrSi Steel

The effects of laser hardening parameters such as beam power,beam diameter and scanning rate on microstructure and mardness of 9CrSi steel were investigated.The microstructure of the surface layer of 9CiSi steel was changed from pearlite to martensite,retained austenite and carbide by laser hardening .The depth of the hardened layer increased with increasing laser energy density and the surface hardeness increased by 3-5times as high as the untreated steel.The laser hardened surface had good wear resistance due to martensite and carbide in the surface layer.The wear mode at low speed was abrasive,while the wear mode at high speed was adhesive.     

Effect of electric contact surface treatment on microstructure and wear behaviour of ductile iron

Abstract

A study of electric contact surface treatment to ductile iron has been carried out. This technology was based on the application of the contact resistance heating between the electrode and workpiece. For comparison, the experiments of induction hardening to ductile iron were studied. The microstructure, microhardness, surface residual stress and wear properties were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Vickers microhardness and rolling contact wear tests. Electric contact surface treatment resulted in the formation of fine ledeburite (white bright layer) and martensite in the ductile iron surface, in which the hardness in these areas was higher than that of induction hardened surface. The wear test results showed that the ductile iron surface after electric contact surface treatment had better wear resistance owing to the fine microstructure, high hardness and residual compressive stress.     

Electron beam surface treatment. Part I: surface hardening of AISI D3 tool steel

The effects of electron beam surface hardening treatment on the microstructure and hardness of AISI D3 tool steel have been investigated in this paper. The results showed that the microstructure of the hardened layer consisted of martensite, a dispersion of fine carbides and retained austensite while the transition area mainly consisted of tempered sorbite. Also, the microhardness of the hardened layer on the surface increased dramatically compared to that of base material. Finally, the hardening response of AISI D3 tool steel to electron beam surface treatment is closely related to the scanning speed of the electron beam.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high power diode laser (HPDL) treated cast aluminium alloys

The appliance and development of modern technologies in the areas of surface engineering can be extended by laser surface treatment, especially using high power diode laser (HPDL) for remelting, feeding and/or alloying. The purpose of this work was to determine technological and technical conditions for tungsten carbide (WC) ceramic powder feeding into the surface layer of the laser treated Al–Si–Cu cast aluminium alloys with high power diode laser, as well as to investigate the microstructure and ceramic powder particle distribution in the surface layer. Special attention was devoted to monitoring of the layer morphology of the investigated material and on the particle occurred. Light and scanning electron microscopy as well as X‐Ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure of the remelted zone. A wide range of laser powers was choose and implicated by different process speed rates. Also one powder in form of tungsten carbide was used for feeding with the middle particle size of 80 µm. As the main findings there was found that, the obtained surface layer is without cracks and defects as well as has a comparably higher hardness value compared to the non remelted material. The hardness value increases according to the laser power used so that the highest power applied gives the highest hardness value in the remelted layer. Also the distribution of the tungsten carbide particles is good, but there are still possibilities for further modelling. The major purpose of this work is to study the effect of a high power diode laser melting on the cast Al–Si–Cu alloys structure to provide application possibilities for automotive and aviation industry.     

45 钢表面激光合金化组织分析及硬度测试

目的为了提高45钢表面性能,采用CO2激光器对其表面进行合金化处理。方法利用带有能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微/维氏硬度计、扫描电镜等,对合金化层组织及性能进行了观察和分析。结果激光合金化层由合金化区、结合区和热影响区3部分组成,涂层与基体呈冶金结合;涂层主要含Cr3C2,Fe Ni3,Cr23C6,Fe3C相;激光合金化层的显微硬度达1032 HV,约为基体的3.5倍。结论 45钢经激光合金化处理,可改善其表面性能,显著提高其硬度。     

Homogenization of Carbides in Ni60/WC Composite Coatings Made by Fiber Laser Remelting

In the current study, the effect of laser remelting on homogenization of carbides in WC-reinforced Ni60 composite coatings was investigated. Ni60 + 50 wt% WC composite coatings were fabricated on the surface of Q550 steel by LDF4000-100 fiber laser device. First cladding layer was made by rectangle laser spot and then circular laser spot was utilized to remelt the coatings. Microstructure characteristics were investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental distribution and phase constitution were analyzed by energy disperse spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that accumulation of residual WC particles was sufficiently eliminated under the effect of laser remelting. The irregularly shaped carbides in first cladding layer were transformed into well-distributed polygonal carbides by laser remelting. Statistical analysis indicated median size of reinforcement particles decreased from 35.40 to 5.62 µm. Microhardness of remelted region had a smooth profile and decreased by ?50 HV_0.1 than that of first cladding region. Homogenization of carbides in nickel composite coating was well realized by laser remelting.     

热锻模药芯焊丝电弧增材制造熔覆层摩擦磨损性能

目的 研究工艺参数、搭接区域对熔覆层组织和性能的影响以及磨损性能的各向异性。方法 在H13基板上分别制备单道多层和多道多层熔覆层。对熔覆试样进行2次高温回火,分别对单道多层和多道多层试样的搭接区与非搭接区进行往复磨损实验。研究多道多层试样平行和垂直于扫描方向熔覆层的磨损性能,结合金相组织,讨论磨损性能与组织的关系。结果 熔覆层的组织为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体+粒状碳化物。与扫描速度8 mm/s相比,扫描速度10 mm/s时熔覆层的残余奥氏体含量更高、硬度更低、磨损轮廓更大。与非搭接区相比,搭接区组织更为粗大、摩擦因数表现更不稳定、磨损轮廓更大。与平行扫描方向相比,垂直于扫描方向的试样摩擦因数更稳定、磨损轮廓尺寸更小。结论 扫描速度8 mm/s时的单道多层熔覆层的磨损性能优于扫描速度10 mm/s时的;多道多层熔覆层搭接区的磨损性能比非搭接区的磨损性能差,与平行扫描方向相比,垂直扫描方向的熔覆层磨损性能表现较佳。