三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

对设计强度为１０MPa的混凝土立方体试件进行三轴压缩试验,系统研究了等围压条件下混凝土的强 度和变形特性,围压分别为０,４,８,１２,１６MPa５个量级;同时研究了不等围压条件下混凝土强度变化特性, 试验表明,随着围压增加,混凝土的极限抗压强度有明显增强的趋势;随着小主应力的增加,中主应力的影响 有减弱的趋势;峰值应力处应变随围压增加幅度显著。得出了在不同恒定围压下混凝土的应力应变全过程曲线; 通过与当前文献资料的对比分析,指出了在混凝土结构计算中适用的强度及变形表达式,为工程实践提供了 依据。     

双向应力状态下混凝土的动态压缩试验研究

利用大连理工大学自行研制、改造的液压伺服静、动态三轴试验系统对71个立方体混凝土试件进行双轴应力状态下的动态压缩试验,侧压比例为0∶1、0.25∶1、0.5∶1、0.75∶1、1∶1五个级别,加载速率为10-5s-1、10-4s-1、10-3s-1、10-2s-1四个量级。系统研究了不同应变速率以及不同应力比例条件下混凝土的破坏模式以及极限强度变化规律。试验表明:在双向应力状态下,极限强度随着应变速率有一增加的趋势;侧向压力的大小是影响破坏模式和极限强度的最重要因素。提出了综合考虑应力组合与应变速率影响的统一强度准则。     

混凝土恒定围压下冲击加载实验装置研制

研制可实现混凝土、岩石及土等非均匀材料恒定围压下轴向冲击压缩加载实验装置,研究复杂应力状态下高应变率力学性能。该装置通过围压油缸及轴向油缸对试件施加静水压,利用大直径分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)进行轴向冲击加载,测量恒定围压下材料动态应力-应变曲线。该装置具有冲击加载前试件处于静水压状态、轴向冲击加载过程中试件围压保持恒定不变等优点。结果表明,围压对混凝土材料动态力学性能影响明显。     

钢管混凝土短柱力学性能研究-理论分析

根据国内外进行的不同围压下不同混凝土强度等级(C20~C130)三轴试验研究,建立了混凝土三轴强度准则、峰值应变准则和应力-应变全曲线,并且与混凝土单轴受压强度、峰值应变、应力-应变全曲线相协调。基于给定的混凝土和钢材三轴本构模型及相应假定的混凝土和钢材泊松比,应用连续介质力学对钢管混凝土短柱进行弹塑性分析,建立了钢管混凝土组合材料的组合弹性模量理论计算公式和应力-应变关系全曲线的理论表达式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究成果可供钢管混凝土柱的非线性有限元全过程分析参考。     

钢纤维混凝土动态压缩性能及全曲线模型研究

对钢纤维含量分别为0%、1%、2%、4%、6%的C30和C40混凝土进行了常三轴动态压缩试验,C30混凝土试件围压值为0MPa、6MPa、9MPa、12MPa、18MPa、24MPa,C40混凝土试件围压值为0MPa、8MPa、12MPa、16MPa、24MPa、32MPa;试验过程中采用位移控制模式下的正弦波分级加载。在此基础上,进行了应力-应变全曲线表达式的选择与分析,并对各材料参数与诸因素间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:1)通过对Ezeldin等提出的钢纤维混凝土静态荷载作用下的应力-应变全曲线公式进行β参数修正,使得该模型可以很好地描述钢纤维混凝土在动态常三轴压缩作用下的应力-应变全曲线关系;2)纤维含量对C40混凝土的动态抗压强度的改善作用比对C30混凝土显著,但受压状态下纤维含量对提高混凝土动态强度总的幅度较小;3)混凝土动态峰值应力对围压大小较敏感,C40混凝土的敏感性对C30混凝土有所下降,峰值应变与诸因素的相关关系基本上与峰值应力相同;4)在动态荷载作用下钢纤维混凝土的割线弹性模量、钢纤维含量与割线模量间的相关性,均表现为C40混凝土比C30混凝土要高;5)围压与纤维含量对混凝土材料的受压状态下的韧度指数ncmax不产生太大影响。     

被动围压下浇注PBX炸药的动态力学性能研究

为获取一种浇注PBX炸药在被动围压加载下的动态力学性能,采用基于分离式霍普金森杆系统的被动围压试验装置开展了不同应变率(200、600 s^-1)下该浇注PBX炸药的力学性能测试,并通过改变围压管壁厚（4、10 mm）分析了围压应力对试样轴向应力的影响。结果表明:随着应变率和围压管壁厚的增加,被动围压下浇注PBX炸药的轴向应力（给定轴向应变）和围压应力（给定轴向应力）均呈增大趋势;且轴向应力随围压应力的增加呈指数增加。拟合得到被动围压下屈服点轴向应力与约束比之间的函数关系,与试验结果吻合良好。     

不同应力路径下辉绿岩能量演化与破坏机制研究EI北大核心CSCD

以灵宝矿区辉绿岩为研究对象,开展了单轴及三轴循环加卸载试验和恒轴压卸围压试验,分析了应力-应变曲线及破坏形态,研究了辉绿岩在不同应力路径下的能量演化过程与破坏机制。研究表明:在三轴循环加卸载变形破坏过程中,随着循环次数的增加,滞回环的面积逐渐增大,岩样耗散能与弹性能均增大,耗散能的增长速率逐渐变大,弹性能的增长速率逐渐变小,且围压越大耗能比越大,岩样内部的裂隙扩展和汇合现象显著增加;在恒轴压卸围压变形破坏过程中,围压对辉绿岩的抗压强度和横向变形影响较大;在相同初始围压下,相比较循环加卸载应力路径,卸围压应力路径下试件破坏时弹性能密度更大。     

钢纤维混凝土动态压缩性能及全曲线模型研究

对钢纤维含量分别为0%,1%,2%,4%和6%的C30和C40混凝土进行了常三轴动态压缩试验,C30混凝土试件围压值为0,6,9,12,18和24 MPa,C40混凝土试件围压值为0,8,12,16,24和32 MPa;试验过程中采用位移控制模式下的正弦波分级加载.在此基础上,进行了应力应变全曲线表达式的选择与分析,并对各材料参数与诸因素同的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:(1)通过对Ezeldin等提出的钢纤维混凝土静态荷载作用下的应力-应变全曲线公式进行β参数修正,使该模型可以很好地描述钢纤维混凝土在动态常三轴压缩作用下的应力-应变全曲线关系;(2)混凝土基体强度越高,纤维含量对材料动态抗压强度的改善作用越显著,但受压状态下纤维含量对提高混凝土动态强度总的幅度较小;(3)混凝土动态峰值应力对围压大小较敏感,且随基体强度的提高,其敏感性有所下降.峰值应变与诸因素的相关关系基本上与峰值应力相同;(4)在动态荷载作用下钢纤维混凝土的割线弹性模量、钢纤维含量与割线模量间的相关性均随基体强度的提高而提高,(5)围压与纤维含量对混凝土材料在受压状态下的韧度指数ncmax影响不大.     

围压对Ⅱ型CA砂浆力学性能的影响

对不同围压下的CRTS-Ⅱ型CA砂浆进行了三轴压缩试验,并测定CA砂浆的应力应变曲线。分析了峰值应力、峰值应变、残余强度及弹性模量随围压的变化规律,并对其进行线性拟合。结果表明,随着围压的增大,应力应变曲线峰值处逐渐平缓;峰值应力、峰值应变及残余强度逐渐变大,弹性模量基本不变;CA砂浆试件破坏时的裂缝与轴线的夹角逐渐增大。     

多围压下三轴压缩试验与不可破裂颗粒离散元法分析

采用大型三轴试验仪器对道砟散体材料进行试验,重点研究不同围压条件下三轴试验力学特性与影响规律。同时基于离散单元法(DEM),采用非破裂不规则颗粒簇,在伺服条件下建立道砟三轴试验散粒体模型,对道砟颗粒在不同围压下进行相关数值三轴模拟,探讨偏应力、体应变、围压、体积应变与轴应变之间的关系,反映道砟基本力学特性。研究结果表明:采用离散单元方法进行数值模拟与室内三轴试验得到的一系列应力-应变规律基本一致,验证了离散单元法在道砟研究中的可行性与可靠性。同时,围压对道砟散体变形、最大偏应力、偏应力比值具有影响,其中随着围压提高道砟变形降低,因此在有砟道床设计和养护维修中,增大道床围压可降低道床沉降与变形。     

Inelastic response of confined aluminium oxide under dynamic loading conditions

Previous efforts to explore the compressive strength of ceramics as a function of confining pressure at high strain rates have been limited by the maximum hydrostatic pressure that could be achieved within the experimental apparatus. An alternate procedure, using an autofrettaged confinement ring, has been designed to achieve higher confining pressures. A 6.2 GPa stress pulse, of approximately 20 s duration, was used to load a 99.5% pure cylindrical aluminium oxide specimen under a hydrostatic load of approximately 650 MPa. The specimen remained intact and showed no evidence of fracture under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), however, showed extensive evidence of plastic flow; the microcracks that were observed were associated with dislocation arrays. Static and dynamic yield strengths as a function of strain rate are compared.     

高应变率下多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

采用Φ74 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验装置,对两种尺寸聚丙烯细纤维和一种尺寸聚丙烯粗纤维单掺及混掺的混凝土试件进行冲击压缩试验,对比分析粗、细纤维及不同纤维掺量比的多尺寸纤维混凝土试件在五种不同应变率下的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形、动态压缩韧性和破坏特征,研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态压缩力学性能.结果表明:随应变率的增加,素混凝土及纤维混凝土的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形和动态压缩韧性表现出显著的应变率效应;在试验应变率范围内,粗聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度最高,相对素混凝土增幅为132.36％～213.85％;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态强度增长因子与素混凝土基本一致;掺入多尺寸聚丙烯纤维可有效增大混凝土在不同应变率下的动态峰值应变和动态极限应变;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态极限韧性较高,其中细聚丙烯纤维含量为1.2 kg/m3时混凝土动态极限韧性最高,增幅为121.11％.     

编织角和承载方向对三维四向编织复合材料动态压缩性能的影响

利用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）装置对三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的动态压缩性能进行了研究。通过对编织角为20°、30°和45°的试验件分别进行沿纵向、横向和厚度方向的动态压缩试验,得到材料在800~2 000/s应变率范围内的应力-应变曲线,并与准静态压缩试验结果进行对比,研究了应变率、压缩方向及编织角对材料极限强度和弹性模量的影响。结合高速摄影记录的动态压缩过程,进一步分析了不同情况下材料的破坏模式与破坏过程。结果表明：应变率越高,材料的极限强度和弹性模量越大,材料在受压的三个方向上均具有一定的应变率强化效应,且高应变率下表现出比准静态压缩时更明显的脆性;编织角的改变对材料在三个方向上的动态压缩性能均有影响,其中对纵向的影响最为明显;不同方向受压时材料的失效形式不同,且准静态和高应变率下的失效形式也有区别。     

High strain rate behavior of 4-step 3D braided composites under compressive failure

The out-of-plane and in-plane compressive failure behavior of 4-step 3D braided composite materials was investigated at quasi-static and high strain rates. The out-of-plane and in-plane direction compressive tests at high strain rates from 800/s to 3,500/s were tested with the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. The quasi-static compressive tests were conducted on a MTS 810.23 tester and compared with those at high strain rates. The comparisons indicate that the failure stress, failure strain and compressive stiffness both for out-of-plane and in-plane loading directions are rate sensitive. For example, the failure stress, failure strain and stiffness are 55.19 MPa, 6.70% and 1.35 GPa respectively as opposed to 145.00 MPa, 1.21% and 13.50 GPa respectively for strain rate of 2,500 s⁻¹ under in-plane compression. The 3D braided composites have higher values of failure stress and strain for out-of-plane than for in-plane compression at the same strain rate; however, the in-plane compression stiffness is higher than that of out-of-plane compression at high strain rates. The compressive failure mode of 3D braided composites in the out-of-plane direction is mainly shear failure at various strain rates, while for the in-plane direction it is mainly cracking of matrix.     

围压下岩石的冲击力学行为及动态统计损伤本构模型研究

采用改进后具有主动围压加载装置的100mm分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)试验装置,研究了斜长角闪岩在不同围压等级(0MPa～6MPa)和不同应变率(50s 1～170s 1)下的冲击压缩力学性能。试验结果表明:在相同围压下,斜长角闪岩的动态抗压强度随应变率的增加而近似线性增加,动态增长因子与应变率的对数呈近似线性关系,体现了显著的应变率相关性;在同等级应变率范围内,随着围压的增加,岩石的增强效果逐渐增强,显现出较强的围压效应。采用组合建模的方法,将统计损伤模型和粘弹性模型相结合,建立了基于Weibull分布的动态损伤本构模型。验证发现,修正后的模型曲线和试验曲线吻合较好,表明所构建本构模型是合理的,可为进一步研究和工程应用提供一定的参考。     

Mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline BeO,Al2O3 and AlN at high pressure

The mechanical behaviour of various types of BeO, Al₂O₃, and AlN have been investigated at confining pressures up to 1.25 GPa, at 25° C, and at strain rates of 3 to 7×10^–5 sec^–1. The stress-strain data taken in uniaxial compressive-stress loading indicate the BeO aggregates undergo a transition from brittle fracture at low pressures to plastic flow at high pressures. Depending on the fabrication process, this transition pressure in BeO occurs at 0.4 to 0.7 GPa. Concurrently, the ultimate compressive strength of BeO increases from 1.0 to 1.9 GPa at 0.1 MPa pressure to over 4.0 GPa at 1.O GPa. Alumina remains brittle at all pressures up to 1.25 GPa; its strength increases from 4.5 GPa at 0.1 MPa pressure to over 6.0 GPa at 1.25 GPa. Aluminium nitride behaves similarly to BeO, having a brittle-ductile transition at 0.55 GPa. Its ultimate strength increases from 3.2 GPa at 0.1 MPa pressure to 4.7 GPa at 0.8 GPa. The distortional strain energy (proportional to the area under the stress-strain curve) absorbed by each material during compression at pressure was calculated and compared to available data from the literature. Alumina shows a degraded energy absorption with pressure, but both BeO and AlN yield a strongly enhanced performance at moderate pressures. Beryllium oxide and AlN thus appear to be promising structural materials for certain applications where high strengths and ductilities are required at moderate pressures.     

Compressive strength of ice at impact strain rates

The compressive strength of ice was measured at high strain rates of 10³ s⁻¹ order of magnitude. Since ice compressive strength is known to be strongly dependent on strain rate, properties corresponding to high strain rates are needed for engineering predictions of the behavior of ice under dynamic crushing scenarios. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was used to successfully measure compressive strength over a strain rate range of 400–2,600 s⁻¹. Strain rate variation was achieved by adjusting the specimen length and the velocity of the SHPB striker bar; increased velocity and reduced specimen length produced higher strain rates. Since the compressive strength was found to be nearly uniform over the measured strain rate range, an average value of 19.7 MPa is reported. However, when comparing the present results with data in the existing literature spanning several orders of magnitude in strain rate, a trend of continuously increasing strength for strain rates beyond 10¹ s⁻¹ can be observed.     

Dynamic response for porous epoxy resin matrix composites filled with iron powder at different strain rates and constitutive relationships

The porous epoxy resin matrix composites filled with iron powder referenced in this work consist of both ferromagnetic base materials and porous materials, which have properties of electromagnetic shielding and impact energy absorbing. Aimed at the dynamic compressive properties of the composites at different high strain rates, two materials were studied: the first is Fe/ER-17 with 40% porosity and 17% mass fraction of iron powder; the other is Fe/ER-90 with 10% porosity and 90% mass fraction of iron powder. The investigation results showed: (1) the quasi-static compressive failure strengths of the two composites are much lower than their dynamic compressive failure strengths; (2) Fe/ER-17 exhibits obvious characteristics of a porous material at high strain rates (≥3000/s), whereas FE/ER-90 exhibits a visco-elastic response at all strain rates; (3) Fe/ER-17 and Fe/ER-90 show a strain rate hardening effect on dynamic yield strengths. The dynamic yield strengths of Fe/ER-17 change from 19.23 MPa at a strain rate of 850/s to 30.97 MPa at a strain rate of 6000/s, and dynamic yield strengths of Fe/ER-90 change from 114.93 MPa at a strain rate of 700/s to 136.95 MPa at a strain rate of 3600/s. The hardening effect of dynamic yield strengths is linear with the strain rate, and their linear strain rate hardening factors are very small (10 × 10^?4 and 0.6 × 10^?4, respectively). A constitutive model of series form for a porous material and a modified ZWT constitutive model for a visco-elastic material were adopted for Fe/ER-17 and Fe/ER-90, respectively. The constitutive relationships developed captured the dynamic compressive characteristics of the two materials.