CdS-K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10的制备及其光催化性能

采用硬脂酸法合成K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10,通过微波辅助酸交换、胺柱撑、离子交换等步骤制备了CdS插层的K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10(记作CdS-K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10)复合光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能谱仪(EDX),紫外–可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等对产物进行表征,考察了CdS-K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10在紫外光及可见光下催化制氢活性.结果表明,Pb离子掺杂和CdS插层K2La2Ti3-xPbxO10拓展了催化剂的可见光吸收范围,提高了光催化活性.微波辅助制备的催化剂在紫外光和可见光照射3 h后的产氢量分别为230.15和3.35 mmol/(g cat),并对光催化机理进行了分析.     

CdS-K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10复合物及其光催化制氢的性能

采用硬脂酸法合成Ag掺杂的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10复合催化剂,并通过微波辅助法进行酸交换、胺柱撑、离子交换以及硫化等步骤制备了CdS插层的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)等技术对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂的光催化制氢活性。结果表明,Ag离子掺杂和CdS插层的协同作用拓展了催化剂的可见光吸收范围,提高了光催化活性,催化剂在可见光照射3h的产氢量为3.27mmol/(g.cat)。     

Ni、Co、Mn、Cu掺杂对K4 Nb6 O17光催化活性的影响

通过高温固相反应合成了铌酸盐K4Nb6O17及Ni2 、Co3 、Mn4 、Cu2 (5.0%mol)掺杂的K4Nb6O17并采用X射线衍射、紫外可见漫反射光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积分析等对其进行了结构和形貌表征.在甲醇为电子给体、Pt为助催化剂的情况下,研究了K4Nb6O17及Ni2 、Co3 、Mn4 、Cu2 掺杂的K4Nb6O17作为催化剂在约400nm紫外辐射下分解水产氢的光催化活性,并讨论了引起催化剂活性差异的原因.     

油水自组装制备Ag@AgCl/K_4Nb_6O_(17)及其光催化降解有机污染物的研究

在高温固相法制备K4Nb6O17的基础上,采用油水自组装合成复合光催化剂Ag@Ag Cl/K4Nb6O17,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDX、UV-Vis、PL、BET等多种手段对复合光催化剂的微观结构、形貌和性能进行了表征,并研究了可见光下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的催化性能。研究表明,Ag@Ag Cl的粒径约为20 nm,均匀分散在二维层状结构K4Nb6O17的表面上;贵金属Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子体效应显著,对可见光的吸收范围从400 nm拓展到800 nm;Ag@Ag Cl(25%(质量分数))/K4Nb6O17在可见光照射60 min对亚甲基蓝的降解率为88.2%,远远高于单体Ag@Ag Cl和K4Nb6O17的活性。循环实验证明催化剂具有较好的稳定性,同时对苯酚和罗丹明B(Rh B)也具有一定的催化降解活性。淬灭实验表明自由基和空穴均为活性物种,并在此基础上提出降解机理。     

K4Nb6O17光催化分解水产氢活性的研究

通过高温固相反应法合成了层状K4Nb6O17,采用X射线衍射、比表面积测定、扫描电镜等对K4Nb6O17进行了结构和形貌表征.在I-为电子给体、RuO2为助催化剂的情况下研究了RuO2的负载量、I-离子浓度和溶液pH值对K4Nb6O17光催化分解水产氢活性的影响.研究结果表明,表面负载RuO2可以显著提高K4Nb6O17光催化产氢速度.当I-浓度为15mmol/L,pH=9,RuO2负载量为0.7%时,约400nm紫外光辐射下K4Nb6O17光催化产氢的活性最佳,氢气生成的速度为798.9μmol/L·h.     

Pt-Cu2O/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化制氢活性

采用化学沉积法制备了Cu_2O/TiO_2复合光催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)表征复合催化剂的微观形貌、元素组成、结构和光学特性。以H_2PtCl_6为无机前驱体对复合材料进行Pt负载,研究了不同Cu_2O含量对制氢活性的影响及不同光源下的制氢活性。结果表明,该复合催化剂表现出较好的光催化制氢活性,当Cu_2O的含量为1%(质量分数)时,氢气的产生量最高。     

石墨烯-CuO/TiO_2复合催化剂的合成及光催化制氢活性

采用溶剂热法合成了石墨烯-CuO/TiO_2复合催化剂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)表征复合催化剂的微观形貌、结构和光学特性。以H_2PtCl_6为无机前驱体对其进行Pt负载,研究了不同石墨烯负载量对制氢活性的影响及太阳光下的制氢活性。结果表明,石墨烯负载量为0.5%(质量分数)时,复合催化剂制氢活性最高,石墨烯和CuO协同作用提高了TiO_2对可见光的利用及光催化分解C_2H_5OH/H_2O制氢活性。在可见光下照射5h后,样品的产氢量达到1 083.54μmol,太阳光光照5h后产氢量(4 374.51μmol)为P25(1598.25μmol)的2.74倍。     

层状半导体K_4Nb_6O_(17)光催化研究进展

阐述了半导体光催化分解水的基本原理,介绍了新型光催化剂K4Nb6O17的结构及制备方法,对K4Nb6O17的金属负载、离子掺杂以及插层复合等改性方法进行综述,并就K4Nb6O17作为光催化剂的前景进行了展望。     

可见光响应型HCa2TaNb2O10/(Pb1-xZnxS)的微波法制备及其光催化性能研究

通过微波辅助法和传统制备方法分别合成了可见光响应的光催化剂HCa2TaNb2O10/(Pb1-x ZnxS)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等方法对样品进行了表征,考察了样品在300W氙灯下的光催化制氢活性。研究结果表明微波辅助法所制备的样品产氢量为384μmol/(g·h),高于传统方法制备的样品,而且微波辅助法制备复合催化剂大大简化了制备步骤,缩短了时间。     

Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6物相形成过程的XRD分析

采用X射线衍射技术（Guinier-Hagg相机）分析了Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6（SBN40）原始混合粉料经不同温度煅烧后的相组成，并利用PIRUM程序对不同反应温度下形成铌酸锶钡相的晶胞尺寸进行了计算。结果表明：在Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6的形成过程中将出现中间相Na5Nb4O15、Sr5Nb4O15、SrNb2O6与BaNb2O6，而SrNb2O6与BaNb2O6最终反应生成铌酸锶钡。反应生成的铌酸锶钡的晶胞参数随反应温度的升高而变小。依据这些实验结果，文中提出了Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6相的形成机制。     

水热法制备Cu掺杂可见光催化剂BiVO4及其光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NH4VO3、Cu(NO3)2.3H2O为原料,采用水热法合成了Cu-BiVO4光催化剂,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,提高前驱液pH值,可得到单斜晶系白钨矿型Cu-BiVO4光催化剂,BiVO4的晶型结构并未随着Cu掺入量的增加而改变.光催化剂中的Cu元素以CuO和Cu2O的形式存在.Cu的引入使可见光吸收带发生红移,吸收强度明显提高.可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的结果表明,Cu掺杂有利于提高BiVO4的活性.其中pH值为5.0、Cu掺入量为1.0wt%的BiVO4具有最好的光催化效果,可见光照射60 min后,对初始浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液的最高降解率由纯BiVO4的57.4%提高到97.8%.并对Cu掺入后光催化活性提高的机理进行了分析.     

Fabrication of highly crystalline NbOx nanotube/cup-stacked CNT nanocomposites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising catalyst supports for fuel cell applications. Metal oxide/CNT nanocomposites are also being studied for dye-sensitized solar-cell, photocatalyst, and sensor applications. The fabrication of nanocomposites consisting of highly crystalline NbOx nanotubes and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) is reported herein. The CSCNTs were selected for the carbon materials because of their distinctive structure. The CSCNTs were photochemically treated with vacuum ultraviolet light, which increased the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups therein. NbOx nanotubes with no defects were successfully prepared with the chemical treatment of highly crystalline, layered, flux-grown K4Nb6O17 crystals. First, K4Nb6O17 crystals were grown from a KCl flux at a holding temperature of 800 degrees C. Next, NbOx nanosheets were prepared from the layered K4Nb6O17 crystals via a two-step exfoliation process, which consists of proton exchange in an acid solution and intercalation of the tetrabutylammonium ions. The NbOx nanosheets were rolled up into nanotubes with diameters of about 20 nm and lengths of 100-500 nm on the surfaces of the CSCNTs; thus, unique and complex NbOx/CSCNT nanocomposites were successfully fabricated.     

Crystallite, optical and photocatalytic properties of visible-light-driven ZnIn2S4 photocatalysts synthesized via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method

A series of ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalysts were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The products were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis-near-IR diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectra (PL) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results indicated that the CTAB-assisted ZnIn₂S₄ product had a wider band gap than the other three ZnIn₂S₄ products (CPBr-assisted, SDS-assisted and no-surfactant-assisted ZnIn₂S₄). The surfactant (especially CTAB) addition would greatly affect the crystal structure (i.e. d(0 0 6) along the c-axis) of ZnIn₂S₄. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen production from water under visible light irradiation. The CTAB-assisted ZnIn₂S₄ product, with quantum yield (420 nm) determined to be 11.9%, had a much higher photocatalytic activity than the other three ZnIn₂S₄ products in our photocatalytic system. The energy conversion efficiency in the whole visible light region was determined to be 3.1% for the CTAB-assisted ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst.     

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of nanosized Bi2WO6, PbWO4 and ZnWO4 catalysts

Nanosized Bi₂WO₆, PbWO₄ and ZnWO₄ photocatalysts were synthesized by a mild hydrothermal crystallization process. The physical and photophysical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area and porosity measurements, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra, and diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The rhodamine-B photodegradation in aqueous medium was employed as a probe reaction to test the photoactivities of the as-prepared samples under four irradiation wavelengths. Bi₂WO₆ not only presented the photocatalytic activity in the wide spectral scope, including UV and visible light but also exhibited the strong photosensitized capability to transform RhB under visible light irradiation (λ > 490 nm). ZnWO₄ only displayed relatively high photoactivity under UV irradiation. However, PbWO₄ showed poor photoactivity under any light irradiation. On the basis of the calculated density functional theory (DFT), the photocatalytic mechanisms were discussed.     

水热合成的MoS2/石墨烯/N-TiO2复合材料的可见光催化性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)、钼酸、硫脲和TiN为原料,成功制备了MoS_2/石墨烯/N-TiO_2(MGNT)复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段测试分析了样品的物相组成、形貌、成分和光吸收性能。紫外-可见漫反射测试结果表明,MoS_2、石墨烯共同修饰及氮掺杂使得TiO_2的吸收带边发生红移,且其可见光吸收性能明显提高。可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明,MoS_2/石墨烯共同修饰的氮掺杂TiO_2的光催化降解性能分别是氮掺杂TiO_2(NT)和石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2(GNT)的1.82倍和1.59倍,其吸附性分别为氮掺杂TiO_2、石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2的11.14倍和4.77倍。     

The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of nanosheet-like Bi2WO6 obtained by acid treatment for the degradation of rhodamine B

Bi₂WO₆ samples were fabricated by chemical solution decomposition (CSD) method and nanosheet-like Bi₂WO₆ samples could be obtained by concentrated nitric acid treatment at 70 °C for 20 min. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The temperature of acid treatment obviously influenced morphology and the visible light photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂WO₆ samples. The nanosheet-like Bi₂WO₆ photocatalysts obtained by acid treatment exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.     

高可见光活性磁性催化剂ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯的制备与表征

以硝酸锌和硫酸亚铁为原料,采用水热法一步合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒,再通过水合肼还原氧化石墨烯合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯磁性催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等仪器对催化剂的结构进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝作为目标降解物,考察了不同石墨烯掺量的磁性催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。结果表明,当石墨烯掺量为3%时,磁性催化剂的活性最优,可见光照射60min后亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率高达98%。磁性催化剂稳定性良好,且由于ZnFe_2O_4的存在,磁性催化剂可通过外部磁场进行回收。     

Ag-Ag2O/TiO2-g-C3N4纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

近年来,半导体光催化技术作为一项快速发展的新型环保技术,在降解水体中污染物和可再生清洁能源的生产领域有很大的应用前景。本文以所制备出的20 wt%类石墨烯碳氮化合物(g-C₃N₄)/TiO₂为基质,利用水热法中纳米Ag颗粒部分氧化行为成功合成了Ag修饰异质结型Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致荧光光谱(PL)、瞬态光电流响应等分析测试手段对Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合材料的晶体结构、形貌、光学性质等进行表征和分析。以亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,研究了Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合材料的可见光催化性能。结果表明:在纳米Ag颗粒修饰的Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合材料中,Ag部分氧化成Ag₂O;与g-C₃N₄的协同作用使Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合催化剂具有良好的可见光催化活性;可见光照射4 h后,Ag-Ag₂O/TiO₂-g-C₃N₄复合催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率接近50%。      

g-C3N4/Bi12O17Cl2复合物的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸铋、氯化钠和氢氧化钠为原料用液相沉淀法制备g-C₃N₄/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂复合光催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段表征其组成、微观形貌和性能,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物研究了在可见光照射下g-C₃N₄对g-C₃N₄/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂复合光催化剂活性的影响及其光催化机理。结果表明,2% (质量分数) g-C₃N₄/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂复合光催化剂的光催化性能最好,见光90 min后对罗丹明B的降解率达到98%。