光催化降解玫瑰红的机理研究

以玫瑰红作为研究机理的目标物，在紫外灯的照射和二氧化钛作催化剂的实验条件下，用重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量，Apollo 9000型TOC测定仪测TOC，UV-VIS8500型紫外-可见分光光度计测定样品的色度，研究光催化降解机理。结果表明：玫瑰红染料的脱色过程与总有机碳TOC、化学需氧量COD的去除过程是不同步的。在玫瑰红的降解过程中，强氧化自由基首先进攻共轭结构．反应初期主要是脱色过程，TOC在没有很大的变化，生成了无色而又相对稳定的中间产物。反应后期是各芳烃中间产物的开环过程，最终完全降解为无机小分子。     

ZnS在TiO2纳米管上的分散对其光催化降解染料废水的影响

水热法制备了TiO2纳米管,并采用简单加热回流的方法制备了ZnS/TiO2纳米复合材料。采用TEM、XRD分析手段对产物进行表征,并对其光催化降解酸性玫瑰红B(AR)染料废水进行了研究。考察了反应物供给速率、硫化锌复合量、催化剂稳定性、光照对光催化降解效果的影响。研究表明控制反应物供给速率和硫化锌的负载量可使硫化锌在二氧化钛纳米管表面均匀分散。当染料废水初始浓度为10mg/L,ZnS:TiO2=8:1时,ZnS/TiO2复合材料光催化活性最高。且催化剂稳定性较好。     

陶瓷负载TiO2复合材料的制备及光催化降解废水中苯酚的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,制备出TiO_2光催化材料。以苯酚废水为模拟目标降解物,考察了苯酚初始质量浓度、初始pH和不同光照强度等因素对废水中苯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:陶瓷负载TiO_2制得的光催化剂在300W汞灯照射下,当苯酚初始质量浓度为50mg/L,初始pH=7,光照距离为11cm时,对苯酚的降解率较高,pH=7时有利于反应的进行,处理效果较好。反应机理为TiO_2受光照射后,产生光生电子-空穴对,使苯酚得到还原。     

钇氮共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解染料废水研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了钇、氮共掺杂纳米TiO2,对甲基橙染料废水进行了光催化降解实验。XRD、UV-VIS、FT-IR分析表明,500℃煅烧时得到的仍是锐钛矿型TiO2,晶粒变小;与单一的掺杂相比,共掺杂光催化活性有较大的提高,光响应范围得到很大拓展。Y3+、N的掺量分别为0.8%和0.5%时,在1.5h内甲基橙的降解率达到99.8%。     

超声波-Fe3＋掺杂TiO2纳米管光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

以超声波作用制备的Fe3＋掺杂TiO2纳米管作为光催化剂,氙灯模拟紫外光为光源,降解活性艳红X-3B,探讨了超声预处理时间、催化剂煅烧温度、pH值、催化剂加入量等因素对活性艳红X-3B降解率的影响,结果表明,超声波预处理时间为20min,催化剂煅烧温度为400℃,pH为强酸或强碱,催化剂加入量为1.0g/L时对活性艳红X-3B处理效果较好。     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合材料光催化降解作用研究

以硅藻土为载体, 四氯化钛为前驱体, 采用水解沉淀法制备了纳米TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料。结合XRD、SEM、氮气吸脱附等表征手段, 探究了复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化性能, 对影响复合材料光催化性能的因素进行了研究。结果表明: 锐钛矿型纳米TiO₂以团聚体和分散状负载于硅藻土表面。催化剂用量、染料溶液pH、无机离子、光照强度等因素都会在不同程度上影响TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料的光催化性能。在染料初始浓度为10 mg/L, 催化剂用量1.0 g/L, 紫外光强度为300 W, 光照60 min的条件下, 罗丹明B光催化降解率达到99.8%。     

TiO2-Cu2O复合膜的制备及其可见光催化降解染料性能研究

采用电化学方法制备了TiO2-Cu2O纳米复合材料,并用喷涂法在玻璃表面制成TiO2-Cu2O复合膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对TiO2-Cu2O复合材料进行了表征,用正交设计法研究了TiO2-Cu2O复合膜与Fe2 EDTA构成的Fenton试剂在可见光照射下催化降解亚甲基兰的性能,并用实验证实了H2O2存在.结果显示,TiO2-Cu2O复合膜光催化降解性能明显优于TiO2膜和Cu2O膜.与传统Fenton试剂相比,TiO2-Cu2O复合膜与Fe2 EDTA构成的Fenton试剂体系有效作用时间更长,并可重复使用.     

碳掺杂TiO2纳米管列阵的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管列阵,并在CO气氛中对TiO2纳米管样品进行焙烧.XPS研究表明,在CO中焙烧的样品产生了Ti-C峰,说明有C的掺杂.SEM及XRD衍射实验表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,C的掺杂加速了TiO2纳米管的晶型结构向金红石相的转变,管壁明显增厚.以亚甲基蓝为光催化实验降解对象,研究了C掺杂对TiO2纳米管的光催化性能的影响,发现在550℃下焙烧后的TiO2纳米管具有较好的光催化活性,C的掺杂能明显提高TiO2纳米管的光催化性能.     

聚氨酯TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备与光催化特性研究

为了解决水体中光催化剂的分离和回收问题,对纳米TiO2的改性和固载化及其光催化特性进行了研究。首先以纳米TiO2为原料,采用水热合成法制备TiO2纳米管;再对TiO2纳米管硅烷化,改善其表面性质;然后以聚氨酯(PU)膜片为载体负载TiO2纳米管,制成了负载型PU/TiO2薄膜的光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明硅烷化后的TiO2纳米管能很好地接枝在PU薄膜表面。以300 W高压汞灯为光源,萘普生为目标降解物,研究了负载PU/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性,结果表明其对目标物的降解具有较高活性,用乙醇冲洗即可多次重复使用,其催化活性能较长时间保持稳定。     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合物的制备及其工艺研究

以低温原位静置法制备了聚苯胺包覆碳纳米管复合物,考察了碳纳米管含量和掺杂酸种类2个工艺参数对复合物的形貌、热稳定性、吸波性能的影响。研究表明:碳纳米管含量为10%时,两者完全包覆出现类似玉米棒形貌,有机酸掺杂制备出针形的聚苯胺且随单体浓度降低直径变小针状更明显;酸种类参数对热稳定性的影响更大,10%碳纳米管含量对氨基苯磺酸掺杂的样品热稳定性最好;有机酸掺杂样的损耗正切远小于盐酸掺杂样的,以盐酸掺杂的碳管含量为10%的样品在低频处有很好的吸收。     

Visible light photocatalytic properties of novel molybdenum treated carbon nanotube/titania composites

Two types of molybdenum–carbon nanotubes and molybdenum treated carbon nanotubes/titania composites were prepared using a sol–gel method. These composites were characterized comprehensively by the Brauer–Emett–Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the photocatalytic degradation of a methylene blue solution could be attributed to the combined effects caused by the photo-degradation of titania, the electron assistance of carbon nanotube network, and the enhancement of molybdenum. The proposed redox mechanism of the photodegradation of methylene blue on Mo-CNT/TiO₂ composites is suggested.     

Polyazomethine/carbon nanotube composites

Composites were synthesized by “in-situ” polymerization of polyazomethine, a liquid crystal polymer (LCP), in presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) previously dispersed in one of the employed monomers. Fiber processing was carried out by extrusion from the composites containing 1 and 10 wt.% of MWNTs at the mesophase temperature. We have observed that the typical highly oriented internal fibrillar structure can be significantly disrupted by increasing the nanotube content in the composite fibers. Evidences of MWNT alignment were found in the studied LCP/MWNT composites.     

TiO2纳米管阵列的制备工艺对其光催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法,在醇(丙三醇、乙二醇)-水-NH4F电解液体系中制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和晶型结构进行表征,讨论了阳极氧化法制备工艺(阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液)对TiO2纳米管的形貌、结构及其甲基橙光催化降解性能的影响;分析了退火温度对TiO2阵列的物相及其光催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用高电压、增加氧化时间有利于TiO2纳米管阵列光催化的提高,在其它参数相同的情况下,采用丙三醇作为电解液制备获得的TiO2纳米管阵列较乙二醇体系具有更加优异的光催化性能。     

Vapor sensing performances of PVDF nanocomposites containing titanium dioxide nanotubes decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Inorganic nanocarbon hybrid materials are good alternatives for superior electrochemical performance and specific capacitance to their traditional counterparts. Nanocarbons act as a good template for the growth of metal nanoparticles on it and their hybrid combinations enhance the charge transport and rate capability of electrochemical materials without sacrificing the specific capacity. In this study, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) are synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) where the latter acts as base template material for the metal oxide nanotube growth. The MWCNT–TNT hybrid material possesses very high dielectric strength and this is used to enhance the dielectric property of the polymer polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF). Solution mixing was used to prepare the PVDF/MWCNT–TNT nanocomposites by varying the filler concentrations from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%. Excellent vapor sensing was noticed for the PVDF nanocomposites with different rate of response towards commonly used laboratory solvents. The composites and the fillers were characterized for its morphology and structural properties using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy. Vapor sensing was measured as relative resistance variations against the solvent vapors, and the dielectric properties of the composites were measured at room temperature during the frequency 10²–10⁷ Hz. Experimental results revealed the influence of filler synergy on the properties of PVDF and the enhancement in the solvent vapor detectability and dielectric properties reflects the ability of these composite films in flexible vapor sensors and in energy storage.     

TiO2纳米管的研究进展

TiO2纳米管由于其新奇的光电、催化、气敏等性能而引起广泛的关注,在太阳能电池、光催化、环境净化、气体传感器等领域有潜在的应用价值.主要综述了TiO2纳米管的最新研究进展情况以及发展现状,介绍了其制备方法、形貌、晶体结构、形成机理及应用前景.     

Fracture behavior of carbon nanotube/carbon microfiber hybrid polymer composites

Growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of fibers has the potential to modify fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion, enhance composite delamination resistance, and possibly improve toughness. In the present study, aligned CNTs were grown upon carbon fabric via chemical vapor deposition. Continuously monitored single-fiber composite fragmentation tests were performed on pristine and CNT-grafted fibers embedded in epoxy, and single-laminate compact-tension specimens were tested for fracture behavior. A significant increase (up to 20 %) was observed in the interfacial adhesion, at the cost of a decrease in the fiber tensile strength. As a result, the maximum load of the composite was decreased, but its residual load-bearing capacity more than doubled. The likely sources of these effects are discussed, as well as their implications.     

Solvothermal synthesis of necklace-like carbon nanotube/ceria composites

The necklace-like carbon nanotube (CNT)/ceria composites have been synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that the necklace-like nanostructures are a hybrid of face-centered cubic ceria and CNTs, and these beaded ceria particles with a diameter of 80-120 nm are distributed discontinuously along the axis of CNTs. A possible formation mechanism has been suggested to explain the formation of necklace-like CNT/ceria composites, which indicates that this synthesis route is promising and may be extended to fabricate other beaded nanoparticles along CNTs.     

Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Untreated and acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were used to fabricate MWNT/epoxy composite samples by sonication technique. The effect of MWNT addition and their surface modification on the mechanical properties were investigated. Modified Halpin–Tasi equation was used to evaluate the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the MWNT/epoxy composite samples by the incorporation of an orientation as well as an exponential shape factor in the equation. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and tensile strength values and the modified Halpin–Tsai theory. The fracture surfaces of MWNT/epoxy composite samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope.     

Improved processing of carbon nanotube/magnesium alloy composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising reinforcements for light weight and high strength composites due to their exceptional properties. However, until now, the main obstacle is to obtain a homogenous dispersion of the CNTs in the desired material matrix. Quite a few methods have been studied to help improving the dispersion of CNTs in a polymer matrix. But not much research has been conducted on how to disperse CNTs in metal matrices. In this study, a two-step process was applied. In the first stage, a block copolymer was used as a dispersion agent to pre-disperse multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on Mg alloy chips. Then the chips with the well dispersed MWNTs on their surface were melted and at the same time vigorously stirred. The molten MWNT Mg alloy composites were poured into a cylindrical mould to solidify quickly. For the pre-dispersion step, the microstructures of the Mg alloy chips were studied under SEM. MWNTs were quite successfully dispersed on the surfaces of the Mg alloy chips. The mechanical properties of the MWNT/Mg composites were measured by compression testing. The compression at failure, the compressive yield strength and ultimate compressive strength have all been improved significantly up to 36% by only adding 0.1 wt% MWNTs to the Mg alloy. In order to predict the potential yield strengths of the MWNT reinforced Mg alloy composites, the contributions by load transfer, Orowan strengthening and thermal mismatch were added up.