Polarimetric fiber laser sensor for hydrostatic pressure

A polarimetric Fabry-Perot fiber laser sensor for fluid pressure up to 100 MPa is investigated. The fluid acts on one of two elliptical-core fiber sections in the laser cavity, producing a shift in the differential phase of the two orthogonal polarization modes and thus a variation in the beat frequencies of the corresponding longitudinal laser modes. The second fiber section, with a 90 degrees offset in the core orientation, compensates for temperature-induced phase shifts. The dispersion in the birefringent fiber Bragg grating reflectors is employed to remove the near degeneracy of the polarization mode beat frequencies of a given order and to improve substantially the resolution of the sensor to a few parts in 10(6) of the free spectral range. Further investigations address the effect of the fluid on the integrity of the fiber, the influence of various fiber coatings on the sensor response, and the intrinsic stability of erbium-doped and undoped sensing fibers under fluid pressure.     

Intensity demodulation-based acoustic sensor using dual fiber Bragg gratings and a titanium film

We report on recent experimental results obtained with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) microphone for acoustic measurement. The sensing element is formed by longitudinally sticking ends of two FBGs onto a titanium film, and then being packaged in an aluminum cylinder. Due to wavelength shift of the FBGs induced by the external acoustic disturbance, the corresponding periodic fluctuation in power can be observed on the optical oscilloscope. Theoretical analysis verifies that the optical power variation, result of the titanium film vibration caused by the acoustic disturbance, possesses a linear relationship with the sound pressure in a specific range. A relatively flat frequency response in the range from 100?Hz to 1?kHz with the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above 22?dB is experimentally demonstrated. The maximum sound pressure sensitivity of the proposed sensor is found to be 90?μW/Pa within a sound pressure range 100.3–118.5?dB. The sensing system presents good stability and reliability, and has the advantage of direct self-demodulation.     

基于干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感系统

分析了基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感的原理,在一段掺铒光纤中写入具有π相移的光纤光栅构成光纤激光器,水声压力作用在激光器上引起激光工作波长的变化;采用基于3×3耦合器的偏振无关的非平衡光纤Michelson干涉仪将激光波长变化转化为干涉仪的相位变化;干涉仪的输出由光电探测器转换后使用DSP进行信号解调.针对3×3耦合器分光比不对称的问题,本文提出利用实时调整幅度的2路干涉信号进行解调的方案,该方案不需要3×3耦合器有严格的分光比,消除了外界环境对解调输出的非线性影响.水声探测实验表明,光纤激光器水声传感系统的声压灵敏度为-166.5 dB(参考值1 rad/μPa),解调结果与水声信号具有良好的线性关系.     

Simple hybrid wire-wireless fiber laser sensor by direct photonic generation of beat signal

Based on direct photonic generation of a beat signal, a simple hybrid wire-wireless fiber laser sensor is proposed. In the sensor, an improved multilongitudinal modes fiber laser cavity is set up by only a fiber Bragg grating, a section of erbium-doped fiber, and a broadband reflector. A photodetector is used to detect the electrical beat signal. Next, the beat signal including the sensor information can access the wireless network through the wireless transmission. At last, a frequency spectrum analyzer is used to demodulate the sensing information. With this method, the long-distance real-time monitor of the fiber sensor can be realized. The proposed technique offers a simple and cheap way for sensing information of the fiber sensor to access the wireless sensor network. An experiment was implemented to measure the strain and the corresponding root mean square deviation is about -5.7 με at 916 MHz and -3.8 με at 1713 MHz after wireless transmission.     

腔长损耗对非本征F-P腔光纤传感器的影响

根据光学法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔基本原理,运用单模光纤能量散射模型分析了腔长损耗对非本征F-P腔输出光强度的影响.实验过程中所用的F-P腔由单模光纤端面和弹性硅片组成.实验结果表明,非本征F-P腔输出光强幅度随腔长增大逐渐衰减,其输出特性曲线中不同部分相同周期的线性工作区间却对应不同的测量量程和灵敏度,所以强度型光纤F-P腔传感器初始腔长应基于传感器的性能指标进行选取.     

A piezoelectric-sound-resonance cavity for hydrogen gas detection

A new concept for hydrogen gas (H/sub 2/) detection has been developed. This concept is based on a piezoelectric-sound-resonance cavity (PSRC). Detection uses sound resonance and the acoustic property differences of gases as a sensing mechanism in which there is a significant difference in the sound velocity and acoustic impedance between H/sub 2/ and air. The PSRC sensor consists of two thin piezoelectric discs, separated by a small cavity. One disc excites a weak acoustic standing wave in the cavity, and the second senses the wave by monitoring the acoustic impedance characteristics of the cavity. Changes in H/sub 2/ concentration result in a shift of the sound resonance state. Investigations of a PSRC prototype have demonstrated a sensitivity limit of <10 ppm, a fast response time /spl sim/1 second, and a signal (phase and voltage) in proportion to the change in H/sub 2/ concentration (n) over the range of 10/sup -5/ < n < 0.2. These performance characteristics are far superior to those of other methods.     

Embedded fiber-optic Fabry-Perot ultrasound sensor

A fiber-optic ultrasound sensor is presented. The sensor consists of a continuous length of single-mode optical fiber with a built-in Fabry-Perot interferometer. The acoustic pressure produces changes in the index of refraction along the interferometer cavity through the strain-optic effect, thus modulating the reflected power of the light propagating in the fiber. The dielectric internal mirrors that form the interferometer are fabricated by joining a fiber coating with a TiO(2) film at one end to an uncoated fiber by electric arc fusion splicing. Experimental results have been obtained for sensors embedded in plastic and graphite composite materials, using ultrasound waves in the range from 100 kHz to 5 MHz. Values for the optical phase shift amplitude as large as 0.5 rad were obtained at an acoustic frequency of 200 kHz for a 1.1-cm-long interferometer embedded in plastic.     

温度对石墨烯膜光纤F-P声压传感器灵敏度影响研究

石墨烯具有优异的机械、电学与光学等传感特性,有希望成为下一代可穿戴电子设备的功能敏感材料。石墨烯膜Fabry-Perot(F-P)声压传感器具有高灵敏度、小型化和抗电磁干扰等优点,但会受到温度漂移的影响。温度对传感器的影响主要体现在F-P腔长变化,引起工作点漂移,导致传感器光学灵敏度发生变化,以及改变石墨烯膜预应力。本文制备了石墨烯膜光纤F-P声压传感器探头,通过声压测试表明,温度改变了悬浮石墨烯膜的机械力学特性,在1 kHz处使其机械灵敏度由1.80 nm/Pa提高至2.44 nm/Pa。     

圆柱结构声辐射估计中的振动传感器数目要求

使用近似Kirchhoff积分法估计点力源激励下圆柱壳体的辐射声压和声功率,研究壳体表面速度传感器均匀布放时传感器数目对估计精度的影响。单个场点声压估计和声功率估计误差给定的情况下,随着频率的升高,所需的传感器越来越多,但在场点声压级曲线或辐射声功率级曲线的峰值频率附近,需要的传感器数目会出现谷值;且激励源位置对单个场点声压估计时的传感器数目要求影响不大。进一步研究了全空间声压估计时的传感器数目需求,发现此时传感器需求数目曲线比单个场点声压估计时的传感器数目需求曲线平滑,不会在曲线峰值频率附近出现谷值。     

Polarimetric distributed feedback fiber laser sensor for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements

We report the application of a dual polarization distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as a strain and temperature sensor. By measurement of the absolute wavelength of one polarization as well as the polarization beat frequency, strain and temperature were determined simultaneously. The sensor has an accuracy of +3 microepsilon and +/-0.04 degrees C. Self-heating of the DFB fiber laser as a function of pump power was measured with this sensor.     

基于双模LPFG折射率不敏感双参量传感器

环境折射率和环境温度变化是影响光纤应变测量误差的主要因素。本文利用双模光纤纤芯双模式(LP01和LP11)支持特性设计了一款环境折射率不敏感的双模光纤(DMF)长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)应变传感器。设计了传感器模型结构,制作了最优化参数的传感器样品。实验测试了DMF-LPFG传感结构对外部环境中应变、温度和折射率的响应。通过在单模光纤上用紫外激光刻写的布拉格光栅(FBG)解决了环境温度的交叉影响。轴向应变实验结果表明,该新型结构传感器在0με~840με应变范围内其轴向应变灵敏度可以达到-5.4 pm/με,该灵敏度值相比较于普通LPFG有很大提高。温度在25℃~80℃范围内其灵敏度为58.86 pm/℃,表现出较好的线性度。同时,传感器对环境折射率变化表现出不敏感特性。通过采用双参数矩阵对少模LPFG和FBG的应变和温度灵敏度进行处理,可以实现双参数的同时解调。该新型复合光栅结构具有良好的传感性能和工程应用前景。     

DFB光纤激光器声致弯曲振动研究

对利用DFB（分布反馈式）光纤激光器进行水声探测时的弯曲振动问题进行了分析与实验研究。总结了采用非平衡干涉仪解调系统解调的DFB光纤激光水听器的声压灵敏度计算公式;基于梁的弯曲理论,通过数值方法计算了两端固定的DFB光纤激光器在50Hz～2000Hz频率范围内的声压灵敏度,绘制了该频率范围内的频响曲线：采用振动液枉法对一支DFB光纤激光器在该频率范围内进行了实验研究,实验数据具有良好的可重复性,实验结果与理论分析吻合。表明了细长型结构的DFB光纤激光器在水声场中很容易由于弯曲振动而引入较大的非声压振动的干扰信号,影响其水声探测性能,有必要在DFB光纤激光水听器探头的设计中考虑这一因素。     

High Pressure Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating and Carbon Fiber Laminated Composite

A simple anisotropic structure made by carbon fiber laminated composite for fabricating a high pressure sensor is reported. A pressure sensor with good sensitivity over a broad measurement range is fabricated by using fiber Bragg grating and the anisotropic carbon fiber laminated composite structure. The characteristic responses of pressure and temperature of the new pressure sensor are analyzed. Experimental data show that when the pressure changes from 0 to 70 MPa, the wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor is up to 7 nm, corresponding to a sensitivity of 10 kPa/pm.      

Composite cavity fiber laser sensors based on weak feedback

A novel composite cavity optical fiber laser (CCFL) sensor, based on weak feedback of the optical fiber end face, is proved theoretically and experimentally. The application of the vibration measurement based on the CCFL sensor is demonstrated to prove its feasibility.     

Fiber distributed-feedback lasers used as acoustic sensors in air

Contributions to the acoustic signal sensitivity of fiber distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers in air are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical results show that the dominant contribution to the laser frequency shift comes from adiabatic temperature shifts in the surrounding air at lower frequencies and from pressure at higher frequencies. The transition frequency was found to be between 5 and 20 kHz, depending on the elastic boundary conditions of the fiber laser. The acoustically induced frequency shifts of two fiber DFB lasers were measured, and the sensitivities varied from 0.61 MHz/Pa at a 100-Hz acoustic frequency to 0.34 kHz/Pa at a 15-kHz acoustic frequency.     

一种可同时测量温度和压力的新型SAW传感器

针对汽车轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）的典型应用,提出了一种基于声表面波（SAW）的新型传感器.这用SAW延迟线理论,温度和压力对于传感器的影响能够通过射频回波信号的变化反映出来.通过在数据处理中引入权重因子,实现对于温度和压力的准确测量.在一定压力（0-200 kPa）和温度（20-100℃）范围内的测试结果表明,该传感器能够同时准确测量温度和压力.SAW传感器对温度的测量精度可以达到0.05℃,对压力的测量精度可以达到7.2 kPa.在对于可靠性和耐久性具有特殊要求的汽车轮胎压力监测等领域,该传感器简单的结构和无线无源的测量方式,进一步提高了其实用性和推广价值.     

基于F-P滤波器的光纤光栅振动传感解调系统的研究

光纤光栅传感技术较其它传感技术有其独特的优点,在振动传感中有很大的发展前景。文章提出了一种利用法布里-玻罗腔作为滤波器,将FBG传感振动信号产生的Bragg波长的漂移转化为F-P滤波器透过光强度的变化来传感解调的方法,通过实验验证,可知该方法能克服相位型光纤振动传感器和匹配光纤光栅振动传感器的一些缺点,性能稳定,价格低廉,精确度高,具有较高的实用价值,有望在实际应用中推广。     

轨道交通地下站台低频结构噪声预测及其传播特性研究

该研究在对地下车站站台噪声现场试验及分析的基础上,通过对站台结构的精细化模拟,建立适用于站台结构振动辐射噪声分析的声场有限元模型,对轨道交通列车荷载作用下站台内低频结构噪声进行预测,分析了站台空间内低频结构噪声的声场分布特性,并从声模态的角度揭示了低频噪声传播机理。研究结果表明:地下站台低频噪声在50 Hz~85 Hz内存在显著峰值,主要来源于站台板的结构振动;低频结构噪声在站台不同平面位置的声压级水平表现出显著波动性,声压级大小在68.6 dB~80.4 dB,波动范围为12 dB;站台声腔敏感共振频率对低频结构噪声的影响显著,会显著放大车站低频结构噪声,改变声腔的高度可有效改善低频结构噪声对乘客的影响。     

一种基于光纤F-P腔的石墨烯谐振式压力传感器

谐振式传感器具有良好的重复性、分辨率和稳定性,全光纤谐振式微型传感器则集合了微纳结构与光纤传感特性两者的优点。石墨烯作为近年来发现的一种新型材料,具有良好的热学和力学特性,可以作为谐振式传感器中的敏感元件。本文提出了一种基于光纤F-P结构的石墨烯谐振式压力传感器,其兼具微机械传感器和光纤谐振器的优点,具有较高的谐振频率,在测量压力的实验中展现出良好的性能,压力灵敏度最高可达2. 93Hz/Pa,具有重要的应用价值。     

空气声高声压的激光活塞法溯源技术研究

目前空气声高声压的溯源存在空白,本文基于激光-活塞发声器法,研究采用激光直接测量高声压下活塞振速的方式,实现了180 dB下高声压的溯源,并通过实验验证了理论公式和结果的一致性,为高声压的绝对溯源提供了技术方法,保障了高声压量值的准确可靠。