几种结构钢在人造海水中自腐蚀电位和析氢电位的研究

本文介绍了16Mn钢和2 1/4Cr-1Mo钢[注1]在人造海水中的自腐蚀电位和析氢电位的测量原理和方法。在实验中用怛电位仪测量不同试样的自腐蚀电位和析氢电位;研究了温度对试样自腐蚀电位的影响;不同热处理方法对试样自腐蚀电位和析氢电位的影响。     

新型铝合金阳极电化学性能与组织研究

研制了两种新型铝合金阳极材料；用恒电流方法和动电位方法测定了铝合金阳极在碱性氯化钠（25％KOH＋3．5％NaCl）介质中的电化学性能；用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察了新型铝合金的微观组织和阳级溶解后的表面腐蚀状态。结果表明：固溶于铝基体的微量合金化元素Ga、In及其适量均匀分布的第二相，可以破坏铝氧化膜的致密结构，促使铝基体的正常溶解，减少铝阳极极化，使铝合金阳极的稳定电极电位变得更负；加入能改变铝基体中杂质的存在状态和降低杂质含量的合金化元素Mg等，可以改善铝阳极的腐蚀均匀性，降低自腐蚀速度，提高阳极利用率。     

海水pH值对铝-空气-海水电池阳极性能的影响

为研究海水pH值升高对铝-空气-海水电池的铝阳极的腐蚀性能和放电性能的影响,以不同pH值的海水作为介质,采用极化曲线、交流阻抗、恒电流极化曲线和扫描电镜研究了铝合金在不同pH值海水中的腐蚀行为和放电行为。结果表明：随着pH值的升高,铝合金的自腐蚀电位逐渐降低,腐蚀速度加快;海水pH值的升高使铝合金的钝化区间变宽,当pH...     

AZ31镁合金在Hank’s模拟体液中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了AZ31镁合金在Hank's模拟体液中的腐蚀行为,包括腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速度和腐蚀电化学特征参数.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)比较了不同腐蚀环境中镁合金样品的腐蚀形貌特征.利用失重法测量了镁合金的腐蚀速度,并依此分析了Hank's模拟体液中各成分对镁合金腐蚀速度的影响.测量并分析了不同pH值下的动电位动态极化曲线.结果表明,镁合金在Hank's模拟体液中的腐蚀主要为氯离子引起的点蚀;H_2PO_4~-和HPO_4~(2-)具有缓蚀作用;pH值的升高可以提高镁合金腐蚀反应的自腐蚀电位,降低腐蚀反应的热力学倾向,稳定腐蚀过程中形成的钝化膜,从而降低了腐蚀速度.     

触变成形AZ91D镁合金在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的电化学分析

用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱的方法对触变成形AZ91D镁合金在NaCl水溶液中腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明:在相同浓度的NaCl水溶液中,随着腐蚀时间的延长,开路电位逐渐提高(正移),同一腐蚀电位下触变成形AZ91 D镁合金的阳极极化电流明显减小,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)显示其容抗减小,腐蚀产物在合金表面沉积,对基体金属具有一定的保护作用,因而其腐蚀速度减小;随着溶液中Cl-浓度的增大,开路电位呈下降(负移)趋势,且其开路电位的正移速度较慢,同一腐蚀电位下触变成形AZ91D镁合金的阳极极化电流增大,EIS显示其线性阻抗减小,腐蚀反应的过程加快,所以腐蚀速度增大.     

AM60B镁合金在不同pH值酸雨中的腐蚀行为

重庆是我国镁合金产业化的重要基地,酸雨对镁合金的腐蚀非常严重.采用极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗法研究了不同pH值条件下AM60B镁合金在模拟酸雨中的腐蚀行为,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了镁合金的腐蚀形貌,用x射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了腐蚀产物的组成.结果表明:随着溶液pH值的下降,AM60B镁合金的自腐蚀电位变负,腐蚀速率增加,同一腐蚀电位下阳极极化电流变大;电化学阻抗谱显示其容抗减小,膜电容下降,镁合金表面的保护膜被破坏;AM60B镁合金在模拟酸雨中的腐蚀以点蚀为主,形成了较深的腐蚀坑,腐蚀程度随着溶液pH值下降而增大,腐蚀产物主要由MgO和MgAl2(SO4)4·2H2O组成.     

镁合金表面有机转化膜的制备及性能

传统的镁合金表面膜的制备工艺,环境污染严重,且耐蚀性差.采用电化学沉积技术在AZ61镁合金表面制备了有机转化膜.用附带能量色散分光计的扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)观察和分析镁合金表面形貌和成分,用动电位极化试验和划格试验评估有机转化膜的腐蚀保护潜能.结果表明:在5 mmol/L对硝基苯偶氮间苯二酚(PNBAR)碱性溶液(pH值为13)中,以2.9 V的工作电位进行15 min的恒电位极化,在镁合金表面可形成较均匀的含氮有机转化膜.有机转化膜在5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡10 min,待体系稳定后以10mV/s的扫描速度进行动电位极化曲线测试.试验表明,镁合金的自腐蚀电位正移110 mV,进一步与环氧树脂形成复合防护层后,划格试验表明有机转化膜对基体金属和表面漆的结合力达到GB/T 9286的1级标准.     

纯铁在流动海水中的电化学腐蚀行为

为了探究纯铁在天然海水中的腐蚀机理以及流速对其腐蚀行为的影响,进而对铁合金腐蚀研究提供理论基础,采用自行制造的水槽式流体流动装置,模拟流动海水对纯铁的腐蚀状况,利用电化学测试手段(自腐蚀电位监测,动电位极化)并结合表面与截面形貌分析,研究了纯铁在静止和选取流速(0.2,0.3,0.4 m/s)下的海水中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:纯铁在流动海水中的耐蚀性比静止时差,且流速越大耐蚀性越差,其腐蚀过程仍主要受阴极氧扩散控制;纯铁在海水中的自腐蚀电位随流速的提高而负移.纯铁在静止海水中的腐蚀产生突起状形貌,在流动海水中腐蚀产生具有明显方向性的腐蚀坑.     

新型镍铝青铜的电偶腐蚀行为研究

海水泵阀等附件是海水管系的重要部件,国内常用锡青铜、硅黄铜制造,与目前推广使用的B10合金在海水中偶合时,电偶腐蚀较重,不能满足海水管系对高可靠性的要求.为此,研制了一种与B10海水管道材料配套使用的海水泵、阀材料.通过测量研制合金及常用泵阀材料与B10、B30等管道材料偶合时的电偶电流、电偶电位和电偶腐蚀率等参量,研究了新研制的合金在海水中的电偶腐蚀行为.     

磁场对AZ31B镁合金在2种浓度NaCl溶液中腐蚀特性的影响

为了研究磁场对AZ31B镁合金在2种不同浓度的NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响,采用COMSOL分析磁场在电化学反应体系中的磁场强度分布,考察了磁场环境对AZ31B镁合金在0.1 mol/L和1.0 mol/L NaCl溶液中动电位极化和电化学阻抗的影响.结果 表明:通过仿真加入400 mT平行磁场后,镁合金表面磁场强度分布不均匀.在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中施加400 mT平行磁场后,AZ31B镁合金自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流降低,点蚀数量减小,镁合金在低浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率被抑制.在1.0 mol/L NaCl溶液中施加400 mT磁场后,AZ31B镁合金自腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流升高,点蚀数量增加,连接在一起并出现钝化膜破裂,镁合金在高浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率得到提高.     

三乙醇胺对镁合金的缓蚀效果及其吸附行为研究

为了研究三乙醇胺在氯化钠溶液中对镁合金的缓蚀效果,运用电化学工作站和扫描电子显微镜测试分析了镁合金在含三乙醇胺的氯化钠溶液中的微分电容曲线、表面覆盖度、循环极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和表面微观形貌。结果表明:在氯化钠溶液中添加3 m L/L三乙醇胺时,镁合金与溶液界面的微分电容值减小,微分电容曲线出现电位平台,零电荷电位正移;随着阳极极化加强,三乙醇胺在镁合金表面覆盖度下降,产生阳极脱附现象;随着浸泡时间延长,镁合金表面出现裂缝,并逐渐发展为腐蚀孔,腐蚀产物分布在蚀孔周边,且易脱落。     

电轧AZ31镁合金在模拟海水中腐蚀行为研究

为对比研究高能电脉冲轧制工艺和冷轧工艺对AZ31镁合金腐蚀性能的影响,采用腐蚀形貌观察、动电位极化测试、电化学阻抗谱与腐蚀速度测试等方法系统地研究了高能电脉冲轧制和冷轧AZ31镁合金带材在模拟海水(3.5%NaCl)中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在同样变形量下,与冷轧AZ31镁合金相比,电轧AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性略有提高.这与电轧AZ31镁合金再结晶比例大,位错密度小,具有较低能态的位错组态及能形成较稳定的腐蚀产物膜有关.     

不同浓度的MgBr_2对AZ31负极材料电化学性能的影响

镁合金材料作电池阳极的研究是目前镁合金应用的重要方向之一。采用开路电位、线性扫描、恒电流放电、交流阻抗等电化学方法,系统研究了不同浓度MgBr2对镁合金AZ31在1mol/L Mg(ClO4)2溶液中的电化学性能影响,希望为寻找合适的镁干电池电解液提供基础。镁合金AZ31的开路电位并不随溴化镁浓度的增大而一直负向变化,当MgBr2的浓度为0.05mol/L时,镁合金AZ31的开路电位达到最负值。加入低浓度的MgBr2时,镁合金AZ31阳极材料明显被活化,极化作用减弱,腐蚀阻抗较大,电压滞后时间缩短,有利于镁合金阳极材料在化学电源中的应用。     

In vitro corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys in a phosphate buffered solution for bone implant application

The corrosion behaviour of Mg–Mn and Mg–Mn–Zn magnesium alloy in a phosphate buffered simulated body fluid (SBF) has been investigated by electrochemical testing and weight loss experiment for bone implant application. Long passivation stage and noble breakdown potential in the polarization curves indicated that a passive layer could be rapidly formed on the surface of magnesium alloy in the phosphate buffered SBF, which in turn can protect magnesium from fast corrosion. Surfaces of the immersed magnesium alloy were characterized by SEM, EDS, SAXS and XPS. Results have shown that Mg–Mn and Mg–Mn–Zn alloy were covered completely by an amorphous Mg-containing phosphate reaction layer after 24 h immersion. The corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys can be described by the dissolving of magnesium through the reaction between magnesium and solution and the precipitating of Mg-containing phosphate on the magnesium surface. Weight loss rate and weight gain rate results have indicated that magnesium alloys were corroded seriously at the first 48 h while Mg-containing phosphate precipitated fast on the surface of magnesium alloy. After 48–96 h immersion, the corrosion reaction and the precipitation reaction reach a stable stage, displaying that the phosphate layer on magnesium surface, especially Zn-containing phosphate layer could provide effective protection for magnesium alloy.     

Corrosion behavior of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy with plasma electrolytic oxidation coating formed in silicate electrolyte

A protective ceramic coating of about 50 μm thick on a friction stir welded (FSW) joint of AZ31B magnesium alloy was prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in silicate electrolyte. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of uncoated and coated FSW joints was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The equivalent circuits of EIS plots for uncoated and coated FSW magnesium alloy were suggested. The corrosion resistance of FSW magnesium alloy depended on microstructure of the FSW joint. The heat-affected zone with severe grain growth was more susceptible to corrosion than the stir zone and base metal. The PEO coating consisted of a porous outer layer and a dense inner layer. The inner layer of PEO coating played a key role on corrosion protection of the FSW joint of magnesium alloy. Meanwhile, corrosion potential, corrosion current density and impedance at different zones of coated FSW joint were almost the same. The PEO surface treatment significantly improved the corrosion resistance of FSW joints of AZ31B magnesium alloy.     

Comparison of biodegradable behaviors of AZ31 and Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloys in Hank's physiological solution

The main challenge for the application of magnesium and its alloy as degradable biomaterials lies in their high degradation rates in physiological environment. In the present work, the biodegradable behavior of a patent magnesium alloy Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr (JDBM) and a reference alloy AZ31 was systematically investigated in Hank's physiological solution. The corrosion rate of JDBM (0.28 mm/year) was much slower than that of AZ31 (1.02 mm/year) in Hank's solution for 240 h. After corrosion products were removed, smooth surface of the JDBM was observed by SEM observation compared to many deep pits on the surface of AZ31. Open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization results manifested that pitting corrosion did not occurred on the surface of JDBM at the early period of immersion time due to the formation of a more protective and compact film layer suggested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study. The corrosion rate of magnesium alloys was found to slow down in dynamic corrosion in comparison with that in the static corrosion. This provided the basis for scientific evaluation of in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior for degradable biomagnesium alloy. The present results suggest that the new patent magnesium alloy JDBM is a promising candidate as degradable biomaterials and is worthwhile for further investigation in vivo corrosive environment.     

Corrosion behaviour of β-Ti20Mo alloy in artificial saliva

To evaluate the potential of β-Ti20Mo alloy as a dental material, we tested its corrosion behaviour in artificial saliva in comparison to that of cp-Ti. Open-circuit potential (E_OC), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as electrochemical methods to characterize the corrosion behaviour of Ti20Mo alloy and cp-Ti, respectively. Corrosion current and passive current densities obtained from the polarization curves showed low values indicating a typical passive behaviour for Ti20Mo alloy. The EIS technique enabled us to study the nature of the passive film formed on the binary Ti20Mo alloy at various imposed potentials. The Bode phase spectra obtained for Ti20Mo alloy in artificial saliva exhibited two-time constants at higher potential (0.5 V, 1.0 V), indicating a two-layer structure. According to our experimental measurements, Ti20Mo alloy appears to possess superior corrosion resistance to that of cp-Ti in artificial saliva.     

Evaluating the improvement of corrosion residual strength by adding 1.0 wt.% yttrium into an AZ91D magnesium alloy

The influence of yttrium on the corrosion residual strength of an AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated detailedly. Scanning electron microscope was employed to analyze the microstructure and the fractography of the studied alloys. The microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy is remarkably refined due to the addition of yttrium. The electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization curve of the studied alloy was performed with a CHI 660b electrochemical station in the three-electrode system. The result reveals that yttrium significantly promotes the overall corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by suppressing the cathodic reaction in corrosion process. However, the nucleation and propagation of corrosion pits on the surface of the 1.0 wt.% Y modified AZ91D magnesium alloy indicate that pitting corrosion still emerges after the addition of yttrium. Furthermore, stress concentration caused by corrosion pits should be responsible for the drop of corrosion residual strength although the addition of yttrium remarkably weakens the effect of stress concentration at the tip of corrosion pits in loading process.     

Ti基金属玻璃复合材料的腐蚀行为

采用水冷铜坩埚悬浮熔炼-铜模吸铸法制备了直径为3mm的(Ti0.5Ni0.5)80Cu20金属玻璃复合材料试样,对合金的组织结构进行表征,用电化学工作站三电极体系测试了不同腐蚀介质中的动电位极化曲线,并分析表征电化学腐蚀后的形貌和腐蚀产物。结果表明:合金组织由非晶基体+形状记忆晶体相组成,在铸造过程的温度梯度下呈现梯度组织,边缘为快冷形成的无序密堆非晶结构,心部主要析出相为过冷奥氏体相。在人工海水和模拟人体的PBS溶液中,合金均表现出良好的耐蚀性。与晶态TC4合金相比,自腐蚀电位高,腐蚀的热力学倾向小;自腐蚀电流密度低,极化电阻高,腐蚀的动力学速率低。合金在PBS溶液中由于介质中活性阴离子浓度低,比在人工海水中表现出更优异的抗蚀性。在腐蚀形貌中未发现点蚀坑,边缘区的氧化膜较心部区域更为致密均匀。