超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上制备了Fe基非晶合金涂层,结果表明,采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺成功制备了一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层.涂层各个区域的组织均匀,孔隙率小,呈典型的层状分布;其孔隙率约为2.2%,具有很高的硬度,平均显微硬度为1065.0HV50.并且所获得的非晶合金涂层具有较高的热稳定性,在596.0℃以下使用,不会发生晶化过程.     

Fe基非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响因素及提升措施综述

非晶合金的结构特点是短程有序,长程无序,不存在晶界和位错等晶体缺陷.Fe基块体非晶合金尽管具有超高的硬度和强度、出色的耐腐蚀和耐磨性,且成本低廉,但是也因非晶形成能力低及室温脆性而大部分以粉末、薄带、毫米棒等形式存在,使其推广和应用受到较大限制.将非晶合金制备成涂层,不仅能有效弥补上述不足,还保留了块体非晶合金固有的特性,已在石油化工、汽车机械、海洋工程等制造和再制造领域获得应用.超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)、等离子喷涂(APS)等技术已被证实能够在钢材基体上制备Fe基非晶涂层.根据诸多研究结果可知,影响Fe基非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能的因素主要有:非晶成分(如Cr、Mo、Ni、Nb等元素)、孔隙率、晶化相、粉末粒径、氧化物、喷涂工艺及参数、外界环境等.同时,研究者们还在提高喷涂非晶涂层耐腐蚀性的工艺措施方面取得了一些成果,包括热处理、封孔处理、激光重熔、氧化处理、离子注入、极化处理等.这些努力极大地推动了Fe基非晶涂层在海洋装备腐蚀防护中的实际应用.本文总结了Fe基非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响因素和提升措施方面的相关研究进展,并简要分析了研究中存在的不足以及未来发展前景.     

热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展

热喷涂技术可用于表面防护和强化,被大量应用到各行各业。由于热喷涂技术具有冷却速率很快的特点,满足形成非晶的基本条件,同时Fe基非晶合金具有耐磨耐腐蚀等优异的性能,所以用该技术制备得到的铁基非晶合金涂层性能优良,能给好多行业带来经济效益。将对等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展进行综述。     

超音速火焰喷涂制备Fe基非晶合金涂层的组织与腐蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了Fe基非晶涂层,通过激光粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等测试技术对Fe基合金粉末以及获得的Fe基涂层的形貌和显微组织结构进行了研究,结果表明,采用合适的喷涂工艺可以获得非晶态的Fe基合金涂层。Fe基非晶合金涂层的耐腐蚀性实验表明,获得的非晶合金涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性。     

冷喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究进展

综述了近年来冷喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的现状,总结了喷涂工艺参数对铁基、铝基、铜基及镍基等非晶合金涂层制备的影响,详细阐述了涂层晶化及沉积机制,并在冷喷涂涂层硬度、耐磨及防腐性能等方面进行了归纳,最后对冷喷涂技术在非晶合金制备的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Ni-Al包覆增强Fe基非晶涂层的结构与耐磨性

为了降低Fe基非晶涂层的孔隙率,并提高其耐摩擦性能,采用机械球磨法在铁基非晶颗粒表面包覆Ni-Al颗粒,得到具有壳-核结构的涂层复合喷涂粉末,并采用等离子喷涂法将其在45钢表面制备铁基非晶涂层;分析了包覆型复合粉末和Fe基复合涂层的相组成和微观结构,测试了复合涂层的孔隙率、非晶相比例和干摩擦性能,研究了Ni-Al粒子包覆前后涂层的微观结构与摩擦机理变化。结果表明:Ni-Al粒子成功包覆在Fe基非晶表面形成了结构致密的壳-核结构复合粉末,粉末粒径小于50μm,包覆层厚度1～3μm。涂层孔隙率下降5%左右,由于Ni-Al稀释作用,非晶含量由72.5%降低为64.8%,复合涂层的结构显示为Ni3Al相和Fe基非晶形成的层片状。相对于传统涂层结构,复合涂层更能够强化非晶涂层的层状堆积的优点。相比Fe基非晶涂层,复合涂层的摩擦系数由0.412 3降低到0.256 1,磨损量为原涂层的1/2左右。Ni-Al粒子通过改进Fe基非晶粒子的熔解形态和延展能力,有效提高了非晶涂层的致密度,涂层非晶含量降低不明显,耐磨性显著增强。     

Fe基非晶合金涂层在晶化过程中的硬度与组织变化

对等离子喷涂含Cr，Ni，W，Mo，C，Si等合金元素的Fe-B基非晶合金涂层进行了100～730℃不同温度4h热处理试验。差热分析结果表明，涂层的急剧结晶温度在590℃附近。热处理试验结果表明，在450℃以下热处理时，涂层仍基本保持非晶态，硬度变化不大。在450～610℃之间热处理时，随温度升高，涂层逐渐晶化，析出以Fe23(C，B)6和Fe23B6相为主的硬质相和富Fe相，在590℃左右获得晶粒尺寸约为20nm纳米晶组织，涂层硬度随温度升高急剧增大，在610℃左右硬度达到最大值，约1270HV。在630～730℃之间热处理时，富Fe相逐渐成为主要相，并有Fe23(C，B)6，Fe23B6，Fe2B和FeB等多种硬质硼化物相形成，晶粒尺寸随温度升高长大并形成树枝晶，涂层硬度逐渐降低。     

超音速火焰喷涂制备铁基非晶合金涂层的研究现状

非晶合金的短程有序,长程无序和不存在晶界、位错等晶体缺陷等特点,使其具有较高的强度以及优异的防腐耐磨性能,从而成为一种具有广阔应用前景的新型金属材料。 然而,由于非晶合金体系本身非晶形成能力和制备技术的限制,目前难以得到具有工程意义的大尺寸块体结构材料。为了充分利用其优异的性能和扩大其应用领域,众多学者对制备非晶合金涂层展开了广泛研究。以超音速火焰喷涂为代表的热喷涂技术由于具有加工工艺简单、热输入低、喷涂材料范围大、制备的涂层耐磨耐蚀性能好等优势成为了制备非晶合金的重要方式。目前,利用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备的非晶合金涂层主要有Fe基、Ni基和Mo基等。而在众多的非晶体系中,Fe基非晶合金涂层由于其优异的性能和低廉的成本受到了广泛关注。研究者们发现,制备性能优异的Fe基非晶合金涂层不仅需要合适的制备方法,同时合金系成分的合理选择以及制备过程中工艺参数的优化能够完善非晶合金本身的优良特性,保证非晶合金具有更好的非晶形成能力并提高涂层的质量及使用性能。 目前,通过超音速火焰喷涂的涂层孔隙度通常低于2%,在使用改进型空气超音速火焰喷涂系统后可以将涂层的孔隙度降低到0.3%以内,使得涂层更致密,减少涂层浸泡在腐蚀介质中由于孔隙造成的涂层破坏,延长涂层的使用寿命。另外,在深共晶规律、电子密度规律、热力学规律等经验规律的指导下,研究者们开发了很多成分多元的Fe基合金体系,使得制备的非晶合金涂层在耐磨耐蚀等性能上都有很大提升,例如七元合金体系中的Fe₄₀Cu₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂在干摩擦磨损实验中,磨损量仅为相同条件下45号钢的四分之一,说明其具有优异的耐磨性能;八元合金体系中的Fe₆₃Cr₈Mo3.5Ni₅P₁₀B₄C₄Si2.5在进行3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液的电化学腐蚀实验后,比相同条件下304不锈钢涂层表面的腐蚀坑更少、更小,拥有更好的抗腐蚀性能。 本文对超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶合金的研究现状进行了综述,归纳总结了合金化学成分和喷涂参数对Fe基非晶合金涂层摩擦学性能和耐蚀性能的影响。并对超音速火焰喷涂制备性能优异的Fe基非晶合金涂层的研究前景进行了展望。     

喷涂距离对热喷涂非晶合金涂层组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备Fe基合金涂层。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电化学腐蚀等测试技术研究了喷涂距离对涂层表面形貌、结构及腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,喷涂距离对于涂层形貌和结构有较大的影响,喷涂距离过长或者过短都不利于非晶涂层的获得。耐腐蚀试验表明,Fe基非晶涂层具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。表面形貌观察表明,合金涂层的腐蚀产物随喷涂距离的增加而增多,并伴有大量腐蚀坑和脱落现象的出现。     

Fe基非晶合金粉末的研究进展

非晶合金粉末是指快冷雾化合金液滴所制得的合金粉末,其中Fe基非晶合金粉末因具有生产成本低廉和应用前景广阔等优势,一直备受青睐。同时,Fe基非晶合金粉末的应用也为块体Fe基非晶合金应用难的问题提供了一条崭新的途径。本文综述了Fe基非晶合金粉末的研究进展,对其在涂层制备、磁性材料、激光3D打印、废水处理4个方面的研究现状进行了归纳分类与总结,并分析了Fe基非晶合金粉末在各领域的应用优势。最后指出Fe基非晶合金粉末在制备高质量涂层、老化磁性粉末再利用及增材制造领域的研究方向,并展望了作为传感、控制等功能性器件的应用前景。此外,在薄膜等小尺寸、低维材料及柔性电子领域也展现出巨大的应用潜力。     

Ni基合金粉末及其非晶涂层的制备与表征

为解决非晶粉末价格昂贵、成型困难等问题,采用真空气雾化法制备了Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末,利用火焰喷涂焰流温度高、冷凝速度快有利于形成非晶相等特点,经火焰喷涂后制备了镍基非晶涂层。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等对粉末和涂层的相组织结构、表面形貌和微观特征进行了表征。结果表明:Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末形貌为球形或近球形,主要由晶体相FeNi3和Ni CrFe固溶体组成,非晶含量较少。制备的Ni基非晶涂层组织结构致密,主要由非晶相和Cr2Ni3金属间化合物组成,非晶含量可达70%(体积分数)。     

高速电弧喷涂FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层的组织与性能

为了提高钢铁材料的耐磨性和硬度,利用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDAX),透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪等设备对涂层的组织结构和相组成进行了分析,研究了非晶纳米晶的形成机制.实验结果表明:FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层是非晶相、α-Fe、FeAl纳米晶和Fe3Al微晶共存的多相组织,涂层中非晶相含量约36.2%,纳米晶尺寸约14.1 nm;涂层组织均匀,结构致密,平均孔隙率约2.3%;非晶纳米晶涂层具有较高的硬度,其耐磨性是相同实验条件下制备的3Cr13涂层的2.2倍.     

The fabrication and characterization of a metallic glass coating

This paper presents t~e results o.fa study on the use ofplasma spraying for the fabrication of metallzc glass coatmgs on mzld steel. A commercial, nickel-based alloy powder, Amdry 915, was found to produce sound, amorphous coatings.

The hardness, strength and wear coefficient of the coating are related to the crystallzmty of the alloy. It is shown that the properties of the plasma-sprayed coating compare favourably wzth those of a metallic glass ribbon made of the same commercial alloy.     

Characterization and comparison between APS coatings prepared from ball milled and plasma processed nickel–aluminium powders

Plasma spraying has wide range of applications which include corrosion, thermal and abrasion resistance coatings. In the present work, nickel and aluminium powders were ball milled and the same were thermal plasma processed to produce spherical nickel alumindes particles. Both ball milled and plasma processed powders were spray deposited on stainless steel (SS 304) substrate using atmospheric plasma spray technique (APS). The experiments were carried out for different plasma input power levels, torch to base distances and coating thicknesses. Microstructure, micro hardness, adhesive strength, and porosity of the coatings are reported and discussed. Effect of plasma processing parameters and plasma spheroidization of powders on coating properties has been evaluated and reported. High plasma power, low torch to base distance lead to high temperature supplied to in-flight particles which correspond to high hardness, low porosity and high adhesion. Spherical morphology and formation of nickel aluminide intermetallic were achieved by plasma spheroidization. Coatings prepared from plasma processed powders enhance the coating properties positively.     

Formation of high heat resistant coatings by using gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Zirconia sprayed coatings are widely used as thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for high temperature protection of metallic structures. However, their use in diesel engine combustion chamber components has the long run durability problems, such as the spallation at the interface between the coating and substrate due to the interface oxidation. Although zirconia coatings have been used in many applications, the interface spallation problem is still waiting to be solved under the critical conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion environment. The gas tunnel type plasma spraying developed by the author can make high quality ceramic coatings such as Al2O3 and ZrO2 coating compared to other plasma spraying method. A high hardness ceramic coating such as Al2O3 coating by the gas tunnel type plasma spraying, were investigated in the previous study. The Vickers hardness of the zirconia (ZrO2) coating increased with decreasing spraying distance, and a higher Vickers hardness of about Hv = 1200 could be obtained at a shorter spraying distance of L = 30 mm. ZrO2 coating formed has a high hardness layer at the surface side, which shows the graded functionality of hardness. In this study, ZrO2 composite coatings (TBCs) with Al2O3 were deposited on SS304 substrates by gas tunnel type plasma spraying. The performance such as the mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the functionally graded TBCs was investigated and discussed. The resultant coating samples with different spraying powders and thickness are compared in their corrosion resistance with coating thickness as variables. Corrosion potential was measured and analyzed corresponding to the microstructure of the coatings. Keywords: High Heat Resistant Coatings, Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying, Hardness,     

Fe3Al-Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层性能研究

利用等离子喷涂制备了不同成分设计的多种Fe3Al-Al2O3陶瓷复合涂层，采用金相显微镜、SEM、XRD及电子探针等手段，研究了涂层的微观组织及成分分布，并对涂层的结合强度、显微硬度及抗热震性能进行了试验研究。结果表明，Fe3Al过渡层的引入可有效地改善涂层的质量，Fe3Al金属间化合物是钢基体上制备陶瓷涂层较为理想的过渡材料。涂层成分的梯度化有利于涂层结合强度和抗热震性能的提高。     

Mikrostruktur und Eigenschaften lichtbogengespritzter Schichten auf Eisenbasis

Microstructure and properties of Fe‐based wire arc sprayed coatings Innovative iron based feedstocks for wire arc spraying are a promising alternative for conventional carbide reinforced feedstocks for wear applications. Recently the main area of research is focused on improving the properties of deposited functional coatings by varying the wire composition. The influence on the crystalline structure and the dimension of the hard phases in the resulting microstructure is of particular interest in this context. The objective of the investigation is to produce coatings with an amorphous phase, submicron and nanocrystalline structure. The forming of the amorphous phase is influenced by high cooling rates of the molten and partly molten particles impinging on the substrate. Thus, the achieved coatings are characterized by high hardness as well as high corrosion and wear resistance. The present paper introduces iron based coatings produced by wire arc spraying. Due to the application of cored wires with a modified alloy composition the forming of an amorphous phase as well as a submicron‐ and nanocrystalline structure is promoted. The filling of the cored wires are based on FeB with a eutectic composition and is varied by adding Cr₃C₂, FeSi, FeCrC and AlMg. The adding of further elements like Cr, C, Si, Al and Mg should improve the forming of the amorphous phase. The deposited coatings are analyzed regarding to the resulting coating properties and phase composition in connection with the composition of the cored wires. XRD‐analysis’ proved that the Fe‐based coatings contain an amorphous phase.     

高硬度耐磨损电弧喷涂涂层研究

采用电弧喷涂方法制备的高硬度耐磨损JCW-B涂层可广泛应用于工业零部件耐磨表面.对涂层的组织、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及耐磨粒磨损性能进行分析,对比研究该涂层与Ni60喷熔层的耐冲蚀性能.结果表明JCW-B涂层组织致密,孔隙率低于4%,显微硬度HV0.1高于1200,平均结合强度大于50MPa.研究了涂层的耐磨损机理,XRD结果显示涂层中主要含有Fe3B硬质相,对涂层起到弥散强化的作用.     

Fe78Si9B13非晶合金磁芯封装及其软磁性能

研究了Fe78Si9B13非晶合金磁芯进行环氧封装及封装后对非晶合金磁芯软磁性能的影响。结果表明对磁芯进行环氧封装,有效改善磁芯的机械强度同时,能改善带材表面的平整度,在带材表面形成一层绝缘层,显著降低了非晶合金磁芯高频下的损耗值,封装后的非晶合金磁芯在Bm=1T,f=1kHz下,损耗值比封装前下降了14%。综合考虑机械强度大小、磁化难易、损耗高低等因素,封装胶浓度为2%时封装效果最佳。     

热处理温度对LaMgAl11O19涂层热/力学性能的影响

大气等离子喷涂制备的LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LMA)热障涂层无定型相含量较高, 会严重影响涂层服役寿命。通过900~1600 ℃不同温度热处理12 h, 研究晶粒尺寸和孔隙率等微观结构和无定形相含量对LMA涂层力学、热物理以及抗热震性能的影响。结果表明: 喷涂态LMA涂层具有900和1163 ℃两个结晶温度点。900 ℃热处理后, LMA涂层中含有较多的无定形相以及最高的孔隙率((18.88±2.15)%), 1000 ℃测试时,具有最低的热扩散系数(0.53 mm²/s); 由于重结晶和烧结作用使得无定型相含量和孔隙率降低, 1100~1400 ℃之间热处理的涂层具有较高的硬度(1100℃时达到最高值(12.08±0.58) GPa); 1300 ℃热处理的涂层中含有大量微米级片状晶, 具有较高的应变容限以及平均热循环寿命(588次); 热处理温度达到1500 ℃时, 由于片状晶平行堆叠, 晶粒厚度迅速增加, 孔隙率增加、力学性能显著降低。热震过程中由于热应力的反复作用, 涂层内出现晶粒破碎和裂纹扩展等现象, 导致涂层最终失效。