车用列管水套式排气换热器的设计与换热性能研究

回收汽车余热进行供暖和除霜具有很现实的意义.排气换热器是水暖式排气采暖系统的最重要部件,针对排气换热器的特殊使用要求,设计了一种新型的列管水套式排气换热器,通过数值仿真和对比试验相结合的方式对其换热性能进行了研究.结果表明：新设计的列管水套式换热器具有较高的换热效率,完全能满足客车冬季的供暖和除霜需求;但在较高工况时对排气背压有较大影响,因此需对排气换热器进行排气旁通控制.     

汽车排气余热供暖装置控制系统设计

本文针对汽车排气余热回收装置的特点，设计研制了相应的控制系统，该系统通过控制汽车排气流过换热元件的流量，同时配合安全保护装置，从而达到有效地调节车内温度的目的。     

某汽车排气系统振动特性

建立某汽车排气系统的有限元模型,对其进行模态分析仿真,得到排气系统的前若干阶的固有频率及其振型。基于模态分析和排气系统的振动测试结果,对排气系统在发动机不同转速下的激励引起的振动进行分析,研究排气系统的振动特性,提出结构的改进意见,为提高排气系统的工作可靠性和使用寿命提供参考。     

轻型车排气消声器结构设计与试验研究

轻型车是指载货量为1～2.5t左右的汽车,我国轻型车在汽车中所占的比例较大,为了适应噪声控制法规,必须对轻型车排气消声器进行理论与试验研究。排气消声器是一种允许气流通过而使空气动力噪声衰减的消声装置,安装排气消声器是控制汽车噪声简便而又有效的措施之一。     

涡轮增压发动机排气噪声数值计算与分析

为优化消声器设计需开展发动机与排气系统的耦合计算与分析,使用GT-Power软件计算消声器声学性能和涡轮增压发动机的排气噪声特性,并与实验测量结果比对验证仿真模型的正确性。在此基础上开展排气消声器结构优化设计研究,计算结果表明,使用优化设计的消声器能够满足排气噪声限值要求。同时分析发动机与汽车在耦合条件下,汽车在百公里加速的瞬态过程中排气噪声的变化规律;结果表明,汽车在转速与排气流量突变时激发出声压级较高的排气噪声。     

消声器的声学性能模拟分析

汽车噪声水平是评价乘客乘坐舒适性及环境污染水平的一项重要指标。因此,有必要对排气噪声及消声器进行系统分析研究,从而进一步优化消声器的设计,使整车车外噪声达标。文中对某汽车排气消声器的传递损失进行了仿真分析和实验测试,对比分析表明两者能较好吻合,仿真模型准确．能够满足理论分析的要求。根据研究结果提出优化意见,经优化取得了较好的效果。     

制冷系统排气热能回收利用的前景

本文从食品的冷冻冷藏行业着手,仅以肉品和水产品的冷冻、加工产能及冷库的贮存量为基础,应用制冷技术逆向估算使用中制冷系统的排气热能,并核算成标准煤资源数量和经济价值数量。通过数字分析希望能引起政府、企业和制冷技术人员关注与支持,期待制冷系统排气热能得到及时回收利用。并阐述了此项回收的基本计算和应用中应注意的问题。     

汽车排气监测领域气体标准物质质量的评估

叙述了汽车排气的组成、主要污染来源产生的原因和影响因素,汽车排气监测领域标准物质质量评估的分析方法和实验条件.给出了全国该类汽车排气标准物质制备生产厂家的分析评价结果,并对评价过程中存在的问题进行了讨论.     

电动汽车可变能量回收制动方案的设计

电动汽车在运行过程中最大问题是电能补及和电池使用时间.汽车机械制动足将动能转换为热能消耗,电动汽车制动能量回收是通过发电装置将汽车制动时的动能转换为电能,对蓄电池进行充电,从而延长电动汽车行驶里程.通过对汽车制动模式的分析,通过改变发电机励磁电流人小,控制发电机发电量,利用磁阻力矩产生不同的汽车制动力矩.     

空调用湿式热回收装置的热工性能研究

基于计算流体力学仿真(CFD)方法,针对空调用湿式热回收装置的热质交换特点,建立了空气通道内三维层流流动和传热、传质耦合过程的数学物理模型,探讨了空调用湿式热回收装置空气通道内温度、浓度及压力等参数的分布状况,应用焓效率分析方法对其换热性能进行了评价.结果表明:空调用湿式热回收装置的结构参数对其换热性能及阻力性能有重要影响.该研究对空调用湿式热回收装置的优化设计有一定的参考价值.     

DCCHP排烟余热耦合空气源热泵系统性能分析

内燃机冷热电联供系统作为一种高效的能源利用方式,排烟余热回收后的排放温度在100℃左右,仍有部分低温余热没有充分利用,提出一种分布式冷热电三联供（distributed combined cooling heating and power,DCCHP）动力排烟低温余热耦合空气源热泵系统,实现了排烟余热的深度回收。以10 kW内燃机冷热电联供为基础,研究了该系统可回收余热量、热泵循环性能系数（coefficient of performance,COP）以及对一次能源利用率的影响。结果表明：在设计工况下,DCCHP系统排烟余热1.22 kW,热泵系统回收余热量可达1.07 kW,排烟余热回收率达到87.7%;热泵COP高达4.66,提高39.5%;系统一次能源利用率提高3.9%;同时解决了寒冷地区冬季热泵机组蒸发器结霜、低温环境下运行性能差的问题。此研究为冷热电联供系统与热泵机组的联合高效应用提供了重要的参考。     

Experimental study on performance of a biogas engine driven air source heat pump system powered by renewable landfill gas

The equipment configuration of a landfill gas (LFG) fueled biogas engine driven air source heat pump system was studied. The process flow for collecting and purifying LFG was analyzed, and the LFG collection and purification method was determined. An experimental apparatus was set up, and the effect of biogas engine speed variation on LFG consumption, exhaust fume temperature of biogas engine, recovered waste heat from exhaust fume and cylinder liner, coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump and primary energy ratio (PER) of the system were experimentally tested. The results indicated that LFG consumption and biogas engine exhaust fume temperature increased with biogas engine speed. When the biogas engine operated in the 70%–90% rated speed range, the system heat output and exhaust fume waste heat recovery rate would be relatively higher. In addition, the maximum COP and PER reached 4.2 and 1.4 respectively.     

Heating performance enhancement of a CO2 heat pump system recovering stack exhaust thermal energy in fuel cell vehicles

A CO₂ heat pump system using recovered heat from the stack coolant was provided for use in fuel cell vehicles, where the high temperature heat source like in internal combustion engine vehicles is not available. The refrigerant loop consists of an electric drive compressor, a cabin heater, an outdoor evaporator, an internal heat exchanger, an expansion valve and an accumulator. The performance characteristics of the heat pump system were investigated and analyzed by experiments. The results of heating experiments were discussed for the purpose of the development and efficiency improvement of a CO₂ heat pump system, when recovering stack exhaust heat in fuel cell vehicles. A heater core using stack coolant was placed upstream of a cabin heater to preheat incoming air to the cabin heater. The performance of the heat pump system with heater core was compared with that of the conventional heating system with heater core and that of the heat pump system without heater core, and the heat pump system with heater core showed the best performance of the selected heating systems. Furthermore, the coolant to air heat pump system with heater core showed a significantly better performance than the air to air heat pump system with heater core.     

汽车排气系统吊耳动刚度优化方法的研究

基于汽车排气系统吊耳传递的动态载荷最小、吊耳耐疲劳性最好,建立了考虑动力总成在内的排气系统振动分析模型。进行了排气系统的自由模态和约束模态的测试,并和计算值进行了对比分析,证明了所建立的排气系统振动模型的正确性。以吊耳的垂向动态载荷最小和其静变形量在一定范围内为优化目标,建立了排气系统吊耳动刚度优化模型。优化后,在怠速工况和2档全负荷加速工况下对车身底板驾驶员位置进行了振动响应测试,测试结果表明,利用优化后的吊耳刚度,能够有效降低车身底板的振动加速度,表明了阐述的排气系统建模和吊耳动刚度优化方法的有效性。文中建模与优化方法,对排气系统的吊耳动刚度计算与优化具有指导意义。     

Exhaust gas energy recovery system of pneumatic driving automotive engine

Almost the same quantity to net output work of energy has been carried out and wasted by exhaust gas in typical automotive engine. Recovering the energy from exhaust gas and converting to mechanical energy will dramatically increase the heat efficiency and decrease the fuel consumption. With the increasing demand of fuel conservation, exhaust gas energy recovery technologies have been a hot topic. At present, many researches have been focused on heating or cooling the cab, mechanical energy using, and thermo-electronic converting. Unfortunately, the complicated transmission of mechanical energy using and the depressed efficiency of thermo-electronic converting restrict their widely applying. In this paper, a kind of pneumatic driving automotive engine exhaust gas energy recovery system, in which highly compressed air acts as energy storing and converting carrier, has been established. Pneumatic driving motor can produce moderate speed and high torque output, which is compatible for engine using. The feasibility has been certificated by GT-Power simulation and laboratory testes. The technologies about increasing recovery efficiency have been discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that the in parallel exhaust gas energy recovery system, which is similar to the compound turbo-charger structure can recovery 8 to 10 percent of rated power output. At last, a comprehensive system, which includes Rankine cycle based power wheel cycle unit etc, has been introduced.     

准二级压缩空气源热泵热水机的技术分析

文章对常规和过冷器准二级压缩的空气源热泵热水系统进行简要性能分析,通过实际测试不同工况下各性能参数随进水温度的变化规律,寻找过冷器准二级压缩空气源热泵热水机各工况点的最佳补气压力。结果表明,相对于常规空气源热泵热水系统,过冷器准二级压缩的空气源热泵热水系统可显著提高制热量及性能系数、降低排气温度、拓宽运行范围,可为过冷器准二级压缩热泵系统用于空气源热泵热水机的设计和应用提供参考。     

基于空调排风的空气源热泵的节能特性分析

分析了空调系统的排风热和空气源热泵的性能参数,并比较了空气源热泵在以空调系统排风和室外空气为低温热源时的性能参数,得出了在以空调系统排风为低温热源时能较大的改善空气源热泵的性能参数.最后分析了以空调系统排风为低温热源时空气源热泵的节能性.     

Improvement of piston engine operation efficiency by direct conversion of the heat of exhaust gases into electric energy

A promising new way of direct conversion of the heat of piston engine exhaust gases into electric energy is investigated. An original design of a thermoelectric converter with various surface reliefs (smooth, spherical peaks, spherical dimples) is developed. The engine operation and the flow in the heat-exchanger of the thermoelectric generator are modeled. Based on the results of 3D modeling of convective heat transfer, it has been determined that the surface with heat transfer intensifiers in the form of spherical dimples is the most efficient.     

Investigation of an ammonia-water combined power and cooling system driven by the jacket water and exhaust gas heat of an internal combustion engine

An ammonia-water combined power and cooling system is proposed and investigated in this work, in which the waste heat contained in the jacket water and exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine can be recovered efficiently to generate power and cooling energy simultaneously. The proposed system was simulated, and its thermodynamic performance in the base case was calculated based on waste heat data from an actual gas engine with a rated power output of 300 kW. The equivalent heat-to-power efficiency of the combined system is 19.76%, and the total equivalent power output is as high as 92.86 kW. The exergy efficiency of the combined system reaches 33.69%. The effects of the turbine inlet pressure, generation pressure in the reboiler, exhaust gas temperature and cooling water temperature were studied to provide guidance for the system design. The results of an economic analysis indicate that the proposed system has good economic benefit.