自激振荡射流喷嘴研究进展

论文总结了自激振荡射流的特点及应用,阐述了自激振荡脉冲射流的产生机理和喷嘴设计关键,分析了自激振荡脉冲喷嘴的频率特性,指出了自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的发展方向。     

亥姆霍兹上喷嘴出口结构对射流振荡特性的影响

应用FLUENT软件对二维的亥姆霍兹喷嘴自振射流进行了模拟,并以此为基础研究了上喷嘴出口凸出部深入振荡腔对亥姆霍兹喷嘴自激振荡特性的影响。结果表明,上喷嘴的出口凸出部长度和喷嘴壁厚度都对自激振荡特性产生显著的影响。长度为0～0.15D_1时,自振射流的脉动幅值可以提高20%～80%,提升幅度在射流速度较低时更大;凸出部长度为0.15～0.25D_1时,射流振幅的提升逐渐降低;长度0.25～0.3D_1时,射流振幅比普通喷嘴更低,稳定性下降;长度超过0.3D_1时自振射流会完全消失。凸出部分喷嘴壁厚度在0δ0.1D_1范围内对射流性能几乎没有影响,但随着厚度δ的不断增大,性能会减弱,δ0.15D_1时无法形成自振射流。总之,上喷嘴出口凸出可改善射流振荡性能,但长度和厚度需在一定范围内,否则无法产生自振射流。     

自激脉冲射流装置参数对性能影响试验研究

为了研究结构参数和运行参数对自激脉冲射流装置性能的影响,利用自行研制试验系统对自激脉冲射流装置结构参数和运行参数进行了大量的试验研究,得到了在上喷嘴直径12mm和腔径120mm的情况下,下喷嘴直径、腔长和工作压力对脉冲射流打击力和脉冲效果的影响。试验结果分析表明,对于不同的下喷嘴直径,在各个工作压力下,腔长变化对打击力的影响是不同的;当下喷嘴直径一定时,存在着获得脉冲效果的最佳腔长和工作压力范围;随着下喷嘴直径的增大,最佳腔长范围有逐渐增大的趋势。     

利用外加气体改进自激振荡脉冲射流的动态特性

本分析了控制自然振荡脉冲射流的动态特性的几种方式，建立了振荡腔内碰撞剪切流动中的声速模型，着重探讨了外加空气对射流振荡频率的影响。研究表明：振荡腔内气体含量对自激振荡脉冲射流的振荡频率有很大影响，气体含量少，振荡频率高，气体含量高，振荡频率低。实验和理论分析相一致。     

自振脉冲喷嘴异形结构对射流冲蚀性能的影响

从提高射流冲蚀效率出发,利用自振脉冲射流对不同形状喷嘴的冲蚀性能进行分析。根据自振脉冲装置结构参数与射流振荡频率之间的关系,建立不同形状的下喷嘴冲蚀性能分析模型;以砂砖为靶件,测量了同等当量面积的圆形和方形喷嘴冲蚀体积和深度,研究冲蚀时间、振荡腔长和靶距对射流冲蚀效果的影响规律。结果表明,随冲蚀时间增加,方形喷嘴的冲蚀体积和冲蚀深度均高于圆形喷嘴,超过最佳冲蚀时间段后方形喷嘴冲蚀深度增长放缓明显。振荡腔长的变化对冲蚀深度影响较大,圆形喷嘴所对应的最佳腔长略小于方形喷嘴。相同工况下,随靶距增大,方形喷嘴冲蚀深度与冲蚀体积的降幅小于圆形喷嘴,前者所对应的冲蚀表面损伤面积大于后者,实验结果与理论分析相一致,所得结论对脉冲射流装置的设计与优化具有参考意义。     

脉冲气液射流冲蚀特性的实验分析

从提高射流的冲蚀效果出发,通过在自振荡脉冲水射流喷嘴振荡腔上开孔吸入空气使之形成脉冲气液射流,且以混凝土为冲蚀件,测量其冲蚀体积及深度,并与自振脉冲水射流比较。另外以进气方式为研究对象,分析其对冲蚀效果的影响规律。结果表明,脉冲气液射流冲蚀体积随靶距增加出现一峰值与之对应,且峰值位置较脉冲水射流峰值点左移,其冲蚀深度随靶距增加大致线性降低;若腔长选择合理,脉冲气液射流的冲蚀体积较脉冲水射流大幅上扬,在腔长为3mm时其最大增幅达到91.7%。但两种射流对应的冲蚀深度鲜受腔长的影响,且随靶距变化甚微;进气孔分布方式虽对冲蚀深度无显著影响,但对冲蚀体积的影响较为明显。     

自激振荡脉冲射流破岩效率数值模拟

基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉流固耦合罚函数算法,建立自激振荡脉冲射流破碎岩石的数值计算模型。对比相同工况下的数值模拟结果与实验结果进行模型验证。根据自激振荡脉冲射流的自身运动规律对其破岩过程进行数值模拟,结合岩石岩性分析脉冲振幅和脉冲频率对破岩效率的影响。结果表明:随着脉冲振幅的增大,冲蚀深度先后经历线性快速增长和平缓增长阶段,破岩效率显著提高;岩石的岩性会影响冲蚀深度的增长速率;随着脉冲频率的增大,冲蚀深度表现出先增大后减小最后趋于稳定的变化趋势;自激振荡脉冲射流破岩存在一个最优脉冲频率,该频率下破岩效率显著提高,且不同岩石具备不同的最优脉冲频率。数值模拟方法较好地还原了自激振荡脉冲射流破岩的物理过程,为自激振荡脉冲射流在地下工程领域的应用有一定指导意义。     

自激振荡射流喷嘴内部流场及雾化效果的数值模拟

为了提高喷嘴的雾化效果,将液体射流的自激振荡理论与压力喷嘴雾化进行结合,建立自激振荡射流喷嘴的数值模型,并运用Fluent软件研究体腔系数和射流压力对内部流场及雾化效果的影响。结果表明:喷嘴斜壁的设计使得液体发生反弹和振荡现象,最初在喷嘴射流出口处发生原生涡环,之后逐步向四周扩散,并传动到整个喷嘴内部;随着体腔系数的增大,速度峰值呈先增大后减小的抛物线变化趋势,雾化粒度的变化规律与之相反;确定最佳的体腔系数范围为0.6~1.2,射流压力为3~5 MPa。     

高层隔震结构双质点模型的地震响应单纯质点法研究

文中针对高层隔震结构的双质点简化模型提出了可快速计算其地震响应的单纯质点法,该方法基于基底剪力及能量等效原则来建立简化两质点分析模型与原结构模型之间的转换关系及简化模型的参数取值,推导得到了确定地震反应的两个关键参数：刚度转换系数和质量比。研究基于能量平衡方法提出了高层隔震结构简化分析模型包络反应的计算式,并通过利用能量平衡原理及模型参数转换关系来预测原高层隔震结构的各层地震反应包络值。文中对22层高层隔震结构工程实例首先进行了双质点模型的转化,其后验证了单纯质点法的有效性和分析精度,分析结果表明新方法计算结果与多质点模型时程分析法计算结果相近,且能包络上部结构各层地震响应。本文所提方法计算量少,参数取值简便,可用于高层隔震结构地震响应的初步分析。     

射流抛光喷嘴的设计

喷嘴的结构和造型决定了冲击射流的动力特性和壁面流动特性,对抛光效果有很大影响.本文提出采用锥柱型喷嘴进行射流抛光能获得较好的射流特性.分析了射流抛光过程对射流特性的要求,提出了射流抛光喷嘴的设计原则,研究了不同几何造型喷嘴的射流特性,对射流喷嘴的不同结构和几何参数对射流特性的影响进行了仿真,模拟结果表明收缩角为13°、长径比为4的锥柱型喷嘴,其射流出口断面流速分布均匀、紊动强度低和磨粒浓度分布均匀,最适合应用于射流抛光.     

磨料水射流对脆性材料的冲蚀研究

磨料水射流技术作为一种特种加工技术，具有无刀具接触、无热影响区和加工范围广等优势，在众多领域得到应用。为了探究磨料水射流对脆性材料的冲蚀效果，构建和设计了磨料水射流外流场冲蚀仿真模型与磨料水射流冲蚀实验。以30 mm×50 mm的喷嘴外流场域为计算域，建立磨料水射流冲蚀仿真模型，并分析射流冲蚀过程中压力分布、水与磨料的速度分布及它们在射流中心线上的衰减规律。通过对氧化铝陶瓷材料的冲蚀实验，分析工艺参数对冲蚀孔径的影响，并结合仿真结果对比分析了射流束宽度与冲蚀孔径的关系。结果表明：水的速度随着喷嘴距离的增大而减小且分布范围变宽，射流宽度呈线性增大，磨料速度随喷嘴距离的增大而减小且分布范围基本不变；射流中心线上水的速度与磨料速度呈三段式衰减，水的第1段速度衰减段长度比磨料的长，但水的第2段速度衰减段长度比磨料的短；射流束能量的有效利用部分逐渐减小，但在15~25 mm的靶距范围内其有效利用部分较稳定，为40%；冲蚀孔径随喷嘴距离增大呈线性增大。研究结果为磨料水射流切割、铣削及抛光加工的参数选择提供实验依据，同时为磨料水射流加工过程仿真提供参考。     

On-line concentration by analyte adsorption and subsequent laser desorption in supersonic jet spectrometry

A narrow capillary, the tip of which was restricted to form a supersonic jet, was employed for sample introduction in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The analyte was adsorbed at the tip of the capillary, due to a temperature decrease by the Joule-Thomson effect. Then, the analyte was desorbed using a pulsed laser emitting at 532 nm, and was entrained into a carrier gas. The analyte in the jet was subsequently ionized using a pulsed laser emitting at 266 nm. The duration of the analyte passing through the ionization region was 5.4 mm in length (9 micros in time), and the signal intensity was enhanced 310-fold. This technique can also improve selectivity by controlling the nozzle temperature, since volatile compounds are not trapped at the tip of the capillary and then are not concentrated in the jet. In this approach, the analyte can be injected in a pulsed mode into a vacuum without using a complicated mechanical valve even at a repetition rate of >1 kHz from the nozzle heated at a temperature of >300 degrees C.     

Machinability of Nickel-Based Superalloy by Abrasive Water Jet Machining

This paper deals with the machinability of nickel-based superalloys using abrasive water jet machining process. The machining studies were carried out with three different parameters such as water jet pressure, traverse speed of jet nozzle, and standoff distance at three different levels. The performances of the process parameters are evaluated by measuring difference in kerf width, kerf wall inclination, and material removal rate (MRR). Further, the surface morphology and material removal mechanisms are analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. It is found that water jet pressure is the most influencing factor related to surface morphology and surface quality.     

The application of hybrid RANS/ILES approach for the investigation of the effect of nozzle geometry and mode of efflux on the characteristics of turbulence of exhaust jets

The efficient hybrid RANS/ILES approach is used for the investigation of the effect of nozzle geometry and parameters of flow at the nozzle exit section on the characteristics of turbulence in the exhaust jet. The calculations are performed for nozzles of different types such as conical and chevron nozzles and the nozzle of double-flow turbojet engine (TJE) with chevrons on the core nozzle. The effect of the foregoing parameters on the level of fluctuations of velocity and pressure in the investigated jets is demonstrated. The effect of off-design mode of efflux on the parameters of turbulence in the jet is investigated under conditions of supersonic efflux of the jet. The effect of misalignment of the core and fan nozzles on the flow in the jet is considered for the nozzle of double-flow TJE. Grids containing about 10⁶ cells are used for the calculations. The accuracy of the results is confirmed by comparison with the known experimental data.     

Research on the Mechanism of Abrasive Particles Accelerated and a Cutting System of a Premixed Abrasive Jet

Forces acting on abrasive in the process of speeding up have been analyzed. Motion differential equation of abrasive in a pipeline and nozzle has been given,respectively. Mechanisms of abrasive particles accelerated in a premixed abrasive jet has been analyzed. The study shows that driven by high-pressure water,velocity of an abrasive is near to velocity of water in pipeline through the acceleration distance. In the taper section of a nozzle,water and abrasive particles are greatly accelerated at the same time. But velocity of an abrasive always lags behind velocity of water. A premixed abrasive jet cutting system has been introduced. The structure and working principles of the system have been given. The system is an assembly of abrasive screening and filling. By use of the premixed abrasive jet cutting system established,cutting experiments have been made to test the main parameters which influence the cutting performances such as working pressure,standoff and traverse velocity,and the nozzle diameter affecting cutting chink width.     

基于PIV技术的磨料水射流中固体磨料粒子速度分布实验研究

为了解决磨料射流磨料速度测试难问题,本文基于PIV技术,结合图像处理与滤波分析技术,提出了一种测量磨料射流磨料速度的非接触式测试方法。该方法能同时得出磨料速度以及磨料在射流中的位置信息。利用该方法对磨料射流进行磨料速度测试实验,实验结果表明：(1)利用该方法能快速地得到磨料射流中磨料速度;(2)利用该方法得到了磨料在喷嘴出口沿射流方向的速度变化规律,即磨料在喷嘴出口速度先增大后减小,存在速度最大处,意味着磨料射流存在最优靶距;(3)利用该方法得到了磨料沿射流径向的速度变化规律,磨料在射流中心速度最大,其速度从射流中心往射流边界方向逐渐减小,呈现出钟形速度分布。     

Application of pulsed buffer gas jets for the signal enhancement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

We report a new simple method for the signal enhancement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using a pulsed buffer gas jet. The signal is enhanced up to more than 10 fold by using argon gas jets, which are injected through a pulsed nozzle onto the sample area to be analyzed. By synchronizing the buffer gas pulse with the laser pulse and optimizing the spatial arrangements between the gas jet and the sample surface, we have successfully exploited the useful properties of the buffer gas in open atmosphere. The signal-enhancement mechanism in our buffer gas jet has been discussed. Also, applications to various samples (metal, glass, and paper) have been demonstrated.     

高压水射流技术粉碎原盐的研究

以原盐为被粉碎研究对象,通过对高压水射流粉碎原盐形貌的观察和成分分析、高压水射流原盐粉碎性能分析,以及高压水射流粉碎原盐各影响因素的正交分析,研究表明高压水射流粉碎技术对原盐具有良好的解理性且粉碎效率高、耗能低。各因素对原盐粉碎效果的影响顺序为:射流压力卤水喷嘴直径、料液混合喷嘴直径、靶面形状。     

Circular vortex formation in a pulsed jet penetrating through a filter layer

A method for the formation of a laminar circular vortex is proposed that excludes the interaction of a pulsed jet with the nozzle edge. Another method is suggested for visualization of the gas flow and measurement of the gas velocity distribution in a jet penetrating through a filter layer. Critical conditions for the formation of a circular vortex are established, determining the jet power as a function of the thickness of a flat filter layer formed by granulated silica gel. It is shown that a mechanism of the laminar circular vortex formation is controlled only by the gas flow acceleration in the jet.