一种新型的滤波器组在水声应答器中的应用

针对某型水声应答器中处理信号频带变宽,信号中叠加了多个频率分量以及实时性要求高的问题,提出一种基于频域信道化技术的滤波器组方法。首先给出该滤波器组的理论推导,并对滤波器组进行加窗处理,给出了FFT的长度和移动重叠点数等参数对该滤波器组的影响,最后进行了数值仿真,并进行了湖试试验数据处理。结果证明该方法可有效解决信号的信道串漏问题,验证了该滤波器组的正确性和可行性。该方法通过对信号信道化处理,减小了滤波处理的运算量,提高了数据的信噪比,便于后续的目标检测。该滤波器组算法简单、易实现、运算量小,在水声应答器信号处理中有一定的工程借鉴价值。     

小波分析中一类滤波器的构造

通过对多分辨分析性质的讨论,提出了使用数值方法修正初始滤波器得到紧支集正交滤波器的方法。可以针对任何紧支集滤波器进行迭代,自动得到消失矩更高、质量更优的滤波器。基于Legendre多项式,构造一组平移正交系,在得到初始滤波器后进行修正,获得消失矩为2的滤波器。与db3小波进行处理一维信号和二维信号的对比检测,实验证明该滤波器在图像边缘处理中有效。     

多故障源混合信息的特征分离与精确辨识

多故障源的耦合问题，一直以来都是诊断领域面临的最大难题之一，能否实现多源信号解耦将直接影响故障诊断的准确性。在信源卷积混合的前提下，以多通道反卷积理论为基础，首先研究多故障源混合信息的特征分离方法。接着借助卷积混合后的仿真信号，研究反卷积系统的关键参数——初始滤波器长度对分离效果的影响。进而提出一种自适应的多源信息分离方法。为了确定分离系统的输入通道数量，基于小波分析与奇异值分解完成信号的源数估计；再通过设定滤波器长度的迭代区间，计算出不同参数下分离系统输出信号的时域指标，并自动选取最佳长度使得分离结果最优。最后，经滚动轴承的复合故障实验和多故障并发的工程数据验证，表明该方法在设定的滤波器长度范围内，能够根据信号的差异性自动寻优最佳参数，并成功分离出原始信号中隐含的各个故障源信息，实现机械故障的精确辨识。     

基于瞬时频率估计与Vold-Kalman滤波的铣削颤振识别

颤振严重制约了高速铣削加工效率。动态铣削力信号具有非线性、非平稳的特点,常规的信号分解方法难以处理该类信号。提出了一种基于瞬时频率估计和Vold-Kalman滤波的多分量信号分解方法,并运用该信号分解方法识别颤振。基于频谱集中性指标估计信号的瞬时频率参数;用Vold-Kalman滤波器提取对应参数的各信号分量;由于颤振时铣削力信号的能量分布在频域发生变化,由此引入能量熵的定义。采用分解得到的子信号能量熵变化来识别颤振。实验分析表明该方法有效可行。     

改进差分滤波器在轴承故障诊断中的应用研究

针对形态差分滤波器(Difference Filter, DIF)在信号特征提取中可能存在频率混淆的问题,提出了改进的差分滤波器(Improved Difference Filter, IDIF)的信号处理方法。由差分滤波器的内部结构特点可知,传统的形态差分滤波器无法同时识别正负冲击特性,导致频率混淆难识别;通过对滤波器的结构进行改进,利用帽变换辨别信号的主导冲击方向,提高了滤波器识别正负冲击特征的能力。为了验证该方法的有效性,对此进行了仿真实验和实际滚动轴承的故障诊断实验。实验结果表明,改进的形态差分滤波器可以同时区分出故障特征的正负特性,较好的避免频率混淆。     

采用任意周期信号激励的阻抗参数测量方法

依据数字信号处理的理论与技术,提出了一种新的阻抗参数测量方法,即采用任意的周期信号作为测量的激励信号,并且激励信号的信噪比可以很低(SNR≤5 dB);采用镜频抑制比很高的数字正交采样滤波器能得到同相序列与正交序列,并据此确定被测阻抗与元件参数,该方法能得到很高的阻抗参数测量精度和较宽的测量范围.给出的仿真分析和实验结果证明了新的阻抗参数测量方法的正确性和高精度、宽测量范围的特点.     

加速度基线漂移频域处理方法的对比研究

针对加速度积分速度和位移中的基线漂移问题,对比研究了三种频域处理方法,即低频截止算法、低频衰减算法和基于滤波器的处理方法,分析了不同处理方法的原理、参数选择和校正效果,指出了不同方法存在的问题,并针对滤波器滤波所导致的数据弥散问题,提出了两种不同的改进方法,具有物理意义明确且操作简单的特点。通过对信号群延时的对比分析表明了该方法的有效性。研究表明,低频截止算法存在频率敏感性问题和信号突然截断所导致的能量泄露问题;低频衰减算法不同参数组合会产生相同的校正效果,参数缺乏明确的物理意义;滤波器尽管设计较为复杂且存在数据弥散问题,但采用改进方法之后能够很好的改善信号的弥散问题,进而通过合理的参数选择能够较好的消除速度和位移基线的漂移问题。     

自适应滤波与相关滤波在冲击响应信号特征提取中的应用

识别冲击响应信号在模态分析和机械监测诊断研究中具有重要意义。由于噪声成分、工频及其谐波的干扰，机组运行或其他实际信号中的冲击响应信号很弱。这些冲击响应信号的特征也较难提取。选择适当的自适应滤波器参数，应用自适应滤波首先对信号进行预处理，去掉强大的工频及其谐波成分，使信号的信噪比得到很大的提高；然后利用Laplace小波相关滤波法对自适应滤波预处理后的信号进行进一步的处理，提取其模态信息。结果证明，将这两种方法结合后的信号特征提取效果是比较理想的。     

基于LabVIEW的IIR数字滤波器软件设计

基于LabVIEW具有高效、灵活、强大的信号处理功能的优越性，本文提出了利用LabVIEW软件设计常规IIR数字滤波器的思想，可以随时对比设计调整参数，有利于滤波器设计的最优化，文中给出了该设计的其体实现，该设计在语音信号处理中具有较好的实用价值。     

非线性调频分量分解的转子油膜涡动信号分析研究

转子轴承系统的振动信号常呈现非线性调频特征且信号分量在频域混叠,传统的频谱分析方法难以处理该类信号。基于参数化解调的非线性调频信号分解方法来分析油膜涡动、油膜振荡特征信号能够有效分解频域混叠的非平稳信号。首先通过优化频谱集中性指标来估计信号瞬时频率参数并用估计到的参数将非线性调频信号解调为平稳信号,最后用带通滤波器提取解调信号。仿真及实验信号通过该方法分析后的结果证明,所用非线性调频分量分解的信号分解方法能够有效提取转子轴承系统的油膜涡动、油膜振荡故障特征,从信号时频图及提取分量的时域图可以清晰看到油膜涡动、油膜振荡的发生发展过程,为早期油膜涡动判定提供依据。     

基于小波变换的裂谱分析法

 为了提高超声无损检测（UNDT）和无损评价（UNDE）中基础数据的信噪比（SNR）,提出了一种基于小波变换多分辨率分析的裂谱分析新方法．该方法在分析传统裂谱分析（SSP）方法原理及其局限性的基础上,通过采用小波变换多分辨率分析能力将原始超声回波信号进行等Q子带分解,然后按照一定的信噪分离规则来消除噪声,达到提高信噪比的目的．实验结果表明,与传统裂谱分析方法相比,该方法提高了消噪性能的稳定性,增强了湮没晶粒(或其他散射体)散射中的缺陷回波信号能力．     

Frequency domain methods for reducing transducer variability

A major objective of quantitative nondestructive evaluation is to formulate defect detection, classification, and sizing algorithms that are insensitive to variations in transducer characteristics, material type, and defect depth. With the data used in this research, ultrasonic signals were found to vary significantly with changes in the transducer and only secondarily with changes in material and depth. It is shown that the method for minimizing signal variations due to transducer and material changes is to deconvolve the test signal with respect to the transducer response from a reference defect in a block of the same material. Since depth variation primarily affects signal amplitude and has minor impact on shape, detection, classification, and sizing, insensitivity to depth is achieved by avoiding the use of amplitude-dependent parameters. The notion of a standard transducer is introduced. Its mathematical properties and methods of realization are given. It is shown how the effects of variability from different test transducers can be removed by signal processing. When these procedures are applied to the test transducer, the effect is to cause it to resemble the standard transducer and, thereby, to place all ultrasonic waveforms on a common basis.     

塑料薄膜超声波热封工艺实验研究

通过对包装中常用的PE,PVC,PP 3种热塑性塑料薄膜超声波热封工艺实验的研究,得到了影响封合质量因素的规律,初步确定了以上3种热塑性塑料薄膜超声波热封工艺参数,为超声波热封技术的推广提供了一定的理论基础.     

Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Signal Processing Method for Detection of Lamination Defects in Molded Composites

In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of air-coupled ultrasonic signal in the detection of lamination defects in molded composite, the pulse compression and wavelet filtering hybrid signal processing method is proposed. The selection principle of parameters of the hybrid signal processing method is studied. The actual detection results of molded composite show that the hybrid method is very effective in improving the SNR of air-coupled ultrasonic signal when selecting reasonable parameters (The experiment results demonstrate that the optimal parameters are 13-bit Barker code sequences signal with three-cycle per sub-pulse, db9 wavelet, six decomposition levels, and soft threshold function.). An improvement in SNR up to 18.81 dB is attained compared with the original received signal. The quantitative accuracy of defects in C-scan image based on the hybrid method is also very high, and defects as small as \(\emptyset \)5 mm can be easily identified.     

Blind multiridge detection for automatic nondestructive testing using ultrasonic signals

Ultrasonic imaging has been a significant means for nondestructive testing (NDT). Recently the NDT techniques via the ultrasonic instrumentation have shown the striking capability of the quality control for the material fabrication industry. To the best of our knowledge, all existing signal processing methods require either the a priori information of the ultrasonic signature signals or the manual segmentation operation to achieve the reliable parameters that characterize the corresponding mechanical properties. In this paper, we first provide a general mathematical model for the ultrasonic signals collected by the pulse-echo sensors, then design a totally blind novel signal processing NDT technique relying on neither a priori signal information nor any manual effort. Based on the automatic selection of optimal frame sizes using a proposed new criterion in our scheme, the signature signal can be blindly extracted for further robust multiridge detection. The detected ridge information can be used to estimate the transmission and attenuation coefficients associated with any arbitrary material sample for the fabrication quality control.     

基于Kalman滤波的气体超声波流量计融合方法

针对气体超声波流量计中多个声道获得的多个流量结果如何融合的问题,提出了基于Kalman滤波的融合方法。把多声道气体超声波流量计看成是若干个单声道流量计的组合,根据每个声道计算结果的统计规律,自动地调整每个声道的流量结果在最终输出中的权重系数,在消耗较小的计算资源情况下,实现对流量结果中异常值的判断和处理,使流量输出更加稳定。在以DSP和FPGA为核心的气体超声流量计信号处理系统上实时实现算法,并进行实流实验。实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

A signal processing technique for measurement of multimode waveguide signals: An application to monitoring of reaction bonding in silicon nitride

A system that uses ultrasonic techniques to monitor the reaction bonding of silicon nitride is described. Reaction bonding of silicon nitride takes place in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures up to 1400°C. As with many sensors used in hostile environments, it is difficult to design the ultrasonic sensor in a way that provides optimal clarity of the signal. The sensing system must be designed within the physical limitations on access to the furnace. Ultrasonic probes that accommodate limited access to the silicon nitride sample have been designed and ultrasonic signals acquired during processing, albeit with significant noise and complexity in the signal. Signal processing techniques are used which make it possible to measure changes in phase velocity and attenuation during reaction bonding. Because of variability in the measured velocity and attenuation, the method of signal processing presented is applicable to those cases where it is not possible to redesign the probe for optimal clarity of the ultrasonic signal. This technique demonstrates the potential to perform measurements using signals that would have been considered intractable in the past. Data obtained from ultrasonic monitoring are suitable for use as input to a manufacturing process control feedback loop.     

Digital ultrasonic image construction using electronic ordered dither techniques

The use of a digital microprocessor based system for the acquisition of ultrasonic C-scan information is investigated. The C-scan information is displayed on a binary display device using electronic ordered dither techniques to represent gray levels. The digital system with a binary display increases system flexibility and yields better reproducibility and constant image quality independent of the display medium. Images may be stored on magnetic tape or disk for later retrieval and image processing. The techniques which are described allow for image magnification and a reduction in scan time by replacing the mechanical linkage between the scanner and the display with digital signals. A detailed comparison is made between two dither signals, and the advantages of each are discussed. The combination of digital signal processing and imaging techniques produces results which utilize the capabilities of ultrasonic inspection to the point where the transducer becomes the limiting factor.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊超声检测研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding, FSW)焊接参数选择不当将会产生隧道孔、未焊透(lack of penetration, LOP)和吻接等取向复杂、细微紧贴的缺陷。首先,本文简述了FSW焊缝与典型缺陷特征,总结了超声检测时面临纵向分辨力低、缺陷表征不完整、材料与缺陷声阻抗接近和灵敏度不足等难点。随后,从常规超声、超声衍射时差法(time-of-flight diffraction, TOFD)、相控阵超声检测技术和其他超声检测技术等方面综述了现有的铝合金FSW超声检测研究工作。最后,结合超声信号处理方法和机器学习方法对研究前景进行展望:可以通过分析和提取信号特征,进一步提升超声检测分辨力和信噪比,并实现取向复杂缺陷和细微紧贴缺陷的精准辨识与定量。     

一种新颖高温超声测厚实验系统研究（Ⅱ）—测控系统与信号处理技术

本文介绍了一种新颖高温超声测厚实验系统的测控系统和信号处理技术。着重介绍超声系统设计方案,接收发射电路,显示控制电路方案及信号处理技术等。