退火温度对TiO2薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响

研究了退火温度对中频交流反应磁控溅射技术制备的TiO2薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射 仪和原子力显微镜，检测了TiO2薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌。实验结果显示：沉积态TiO2薄膜为非晶态；低温（700℃以下）退火后，TiO2薄膜出现锐钛矿相，晶粒长大不明显；高温退火（900℃以上）后，薄膜转变为金红石相，晶粒由柱状转变为棱状，并迅速长大至微米量级。     

退火温度对TiO2薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响

研究了退火温度对中频交流反应磁控溅射技术制备的TiO2 薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜 ,检测了TiO2 薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌。实验结果显示 :沉积态TiO2 薄膜为非晶态 ;低温 (70 0℃以下 )退火后 ,TiO2 薄膜出现锐钛矿相 ,晶粒长大不明显 ;高温退火 (90 0℃以上 )后 ,薄膜转变为金红石相 ,晶粒由柱状转变为棱状 ,并迅速长大至微米量级     

电子束蒸镀纳米TiO_2薄膜结构、相组成及亲水性研究

利用电子束蒸镀技术在石英玻璃和单晶Si〈100〉上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜,研究了衬底温度和退火温度对其结构、相组成和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,衬底温度为40~240℃时,石英玻璃上制备的薄膜为无定型TiO2,单晶Si〈100〉上制备的薄膜为弱结晶性的金红石TiO2,两类薄膜的亲水性均很差。退火温度显著影响薄膜的相组成及亲水性能。石英玻璃上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550,650℃退火后均转变为锐钛矿TiO2,具有很好的亲水性能。单晶Si〈100〉上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550~950℃退火后,均由金红石和锐钛矿TiO2混晶组成,且随退火温度升高,薄膜中锐钛矿TiO2含量逐渐增加;随退火温度升高,衬底温度为40℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐降低,而衬底温度为240℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐增强。     

基底温度对直流溅射Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜性能的影响

采用陶瓷靶直流磁控溅射,以玻璃为基底制备2.5wt%Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜,控制薄膜厚度在300~350 nm,研究了不同基底温度下所制得薄膜的结构、形貌和光学特性.XRD分析表明,基底温度为150℃、250℃和350℃时,薄膜分别为非晶态、锐钛矿(101)和金红石相(110)结构.基底温度250℃时,锐钛矿相薄膜的晶粒尺寸最大,约为32 nm.薄膜表面形貌的SEM分析显示,薄膜粗糙度和致密度随基底温度升高得到改善.薄膜的平均可见光透过率在基底温度为250℃以内约为70%,随基底温度升高至350℃,平均透过率下降为59%,金红石相的存在不利于可见光透过.Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜的光学带宽在3.68~3.78 eV之间变化.基底温度为250℃时,锐钛矿相薄膜的禁带宽度最大,为3.78 eV.     

电弧离子镀锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚

采用电弧离子镀法在普通玻璃表面制备透明的TiO2薄膜,用AFM、XRD对TiO2薄膜表面进行了表征,结果表明未经退火的薄膜主要以非晶态型存在;经过500℃退火后,纳米TiO2薄膜主要为锐钛矿结构.研究了纳米TiO2薄膜对难降解的有机物苯酚进行了研究,半小时就降解了30%,经500℃退火后的纳米TiO2薄膜光催化性能更为显著.     

多弧离子镀镀制掺氮二氧化钛薄膜及其光吸收特性的研究

利用多弧离子镀在玻璃衬底上制备了TiO2薄膜和氮掺杂的TiO2薄膜样品，并对样品进行了220～500℃温度的热处理，通过X射线衍射（XRD）以及UV—Vis分光光度计等测试手段对热处理前后的样品的结构、光吸收特性进行了分析。结果表明：制备出的薄膜为非晶态结构，热处理后向锐钛矿、金红石相转变。理想工艺下镀制的掺氮TiO2薄膜经400℃热后，TiO2薄膜的光吸收限可由385nm红移至500nm。     

沉积时间对磁控反应溅射制备TiO2薄膜性能的影响

应用直流磁控反应溅射法,在玻璃基体上制备了具有光催化活性的TiO2薄膜.TiO2薄膜的厚度随沉积时间的增加而均匀增长.基体温度则在溅射的最初1h很快上升到110℃,溅射7h基体温度不超过130℃.溅射2h得到的是非晶态TiO2薄膜,而溅射3～7h制备的薄膜为锐钛矿型结构.非晶态和小晶粒TiO2薄膜的紫外一可见透射光谱谱带边沿与结晶较好的TiO2薄膜相比有明显的蓝移,薄膜的透射率随沉积时间的增加而下降.钛以四价钛的形式存在于TiO2薄膜中.TiO2薄膜的光催化活性随沉积时间争薄膜厚度的增加而有较大提高.     

TiO_2自组装膜的制备及抗菌性能研究

以TiCl4为主要原料,采用自组装工艺,在玻璃基底表面制备TiO2薄膜。考察了(NH4)2SO4的添加、热处理温度、TiCl4浓度、反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数对TiO2薄膜结构和抗菌性能的影响规律。结果表明:未添加(NH4)2SO4时生成金红石型TiO2,而添加(NH4)2SO4可生成锐钛矿型TiO2,并且有利于TiO2膜均匀沉积。升高热处理温度,提高了TiO2的结晶度和薄膜附着力。但是,晶型和结晶度对薄膜的抗菌性能没有显著影响。随着TiCl4浓度增加,反应温度提高和反应时间延长,TiO2薄膜的抗菌性能得到提高。在最佳工艺条件,热处理温度为600℃、TiCl4浓度为0.2mol/L、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为80min时,抗菌率达100%。     

锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜的低温制备及性能研究

采用液相沉积法,在低温下制备TiO2薄膜,研究了制备条件对薄膜中TiO2的晶型、薄膜厚度、透光性、亲水性及光催化活性的影响.结果表明,在90℃下制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型,薄膜的厚度与反应温度、沉积时间、HBO3的加入量及反应物浓度有关,所制备的薄膜具有良好的光诱导超亲水特性和光催化活性,在可见光区的透光率＞80%.     

A12O3／TiO2复合光催化薄膜的制备、表征及性能研究

近年来，二氧化钛光催化技术正成为光化学、能源、环境以及材料等领域的研究热点。作为一种新型的环境净化材料，TiO2光催化剂可广泛应用于污水处理、空气净化、抗菌除臭、表面防污、自清洁等方面，目前，TiO2光催化剂的固定化及其光催化活性的改善是TiO2光催化材料设计、开发和应用中急需解决的问题。本文利用阳极氧化和电沉积技术，在铝合金表面成功地制备出具有较好光催化活性的A12O2／TiO2复合薄膜。系统研究了复合薄膜的制备工艺；表征了复合薄膜的形貌、结构、成分以及光谱特性；详细分析了复合薄膜的光催化性能，并对这种特殊的复合薄膜形成机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：电沉积液温度在薄膜制备过程中是最重要的影响因素，合理地控制沉积过程中的工艺参数可得到具有最佳表面质量和光催化性能的Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜，H2SO4-Al2O3/TiO2复合薄膜经热处理，表面有锐钛矿结构TiO2生成，TiO2的晶粒尺寸在纳米量级；TiO2在加热过程中主要发生表面吸附水和吸附有机物的脱附、结晶水的失去及非晶相的晶化三种变化，且TiO2由无定形结构向锐钛矿晶体结构转变的温度为425℃左右；三种类型Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜的表面形貌存在较大差异，这主要归因于三种铝阳极氧化膜的膜厚及表面微孔结构的不同；三种类型的复合薄膜均具有紫外光光催化活性；通过Fe离子掺杂改性以及萘酚蓝黑染料敏化处理后，复合薄膜的光催化性能可得到明显地改善；由薄膜形成机理的分析可知，TiO2主要通过交流电沉积过程中的阴极反应沉积于铝阳极氧化膜微孔处和表面上。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.