溶液温度对水泥胶砂硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

研究不同配比胶砂件在5℃、20℃、5℃和20℃冷热交替三种温度的硫酸盐溶液中浸泡1年后的外观、强度和矿物成分变化。结果表明:温度对硫酸盐侵蚀过程的影响与胶凝材料组成有关。温度越高,纯水泥砂浆的硫酸盐侵蚀破坏越快,砂浆中生成了更多的钙矾石与石膏晶体;但温度越高越有利于矿物掺合料火山灰活性的发挥,反而使加掺合料砂浆受侵蚀程度减轻;且使用活性较低、活性期越长的矿物掺合料时,这种温度效应越明显。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合永磁材料中溶液pH值的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米复合永磁材料FesmO3/Fe2O3,通过XRD、TG/DTG、SEM及VSM的表征,研究了溶液pH值对凝胶形态、焙烧温度和磁性能的影响.实验结果表明,溶液pH值对焙烧温度和样品相态有显著的影响,在低pH值分段焙烧时,可得纳米复合永磁材料FeSmO3/Fe2O3,当pH值升到7时,只能得到单相粉体FeSmO3.分段焙烧400℃、2h及650℃、1h后,得到平均粒径在30nm、软磁相与硬磁相发生强烈的交换耦合作用的纳米复合永磁材料,由于交换耦合作用使纳米复相具有优异于单相的磁性能.     

pH值对溶胶凝胶法制备莫来石纳米粉体微观形貌的影响

以氧化钨为催化剂,利用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了具有高长径比的一维莫来石纳米粉体.研究表明,溶胶前驱体的pH值对氧化钨的催化作用有重要的影响.只有当溶胶前驱体的pH值小于7时,才能形成AlWO₄生长模板引导一维莫来石颗粒的形成.随着溶胶前驱体pH值的逐渐升高,前驱体的化学均匀度降低,导致γ-Al₂O₃形成温度升高,WO₃在生成AlWO₄之前已经大量挥发.生长模板的缺失使莫来石粉体的微观形貌从各向异性向各向同性发展.     

溶液pH值对直接沉淀法制备CaF2纳米粉体的影响

以Ca（NO3）2和KF为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备CaF2粉体,借助XRD、SEM、粒径分析方法研究了溶液pH值对产物CaF2粉体晶粒尺寸、颗粒大小及分布的影响,结果表明,在碱性条件下所得CaF2沉淀的晶粒尺寸比在酸性条件下所得CaF2沉淀的小,溶液pH值为13.7时,制备出晶粒大小仅20nm的CaF2纳米粉体。     

pH值对BaTiO3纳米粉体性能的影响

本文研究了溶胶-凝胶过程中不同pH值条件下制得钛酸钡纳米粉的性能，从双电层理论及反应机理分析讨论了pH值对胶体的形成及团聚状态的影响，得到了反应的优化条件(溶液的pH值应控制在8以上)，制得粒径小、颗粒分布均匀、少团聚的 BaTiO     

pH值对溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成纳米晶LaMnO_3粉末的影响

以硝酸镧、硝酸锰和柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术制备了超细LaMnO3粉末。借助XRD、DTA、SEM、FT-IR等分析仪器研究了溶胶凝胶-燃烧合成技术合成超细LaMnO3粉末的过程,着重讨论了前驱体溶液不同pH值对溶胶凝胶燃烧合成过程及合成产物的影响。结果发现,采用溶胶凝胶燃烧合成技术能合成纳米晶的LaMnO3粉末,随前驱体溶液pH值增加,燃烧反应速率增加,合成粉体的平均晶粒尺寸随pH值增加而减小。通过控制前驱体溶液pH值能一步合成超细LaMnO3颗粒(粒径200nm)。     

pH值对ADP晶体(100)面生长的影响

通过对40℃、不同pH值和过饱和度下ADP晶体(100)面法向生长速度的研究,发现在同一过饱和度下,改变pH值后晶面的生长速度明显加快。实验数据显示,在过饱和度较低时,(100)面的生长以螺旋位错生长机制为主;过饱和度较高时,以二维成核生长机制为主,而且pH值的改变会促使ADP晶体在较低的过饱和度下就从位错生长机制向二维成核生长机制转变。利用实验数据计算出了不同pH值下、二维成核生长机制控制晶体生长时的台阶棱边能。最后,运用原子力显微镜(AFM)非实时观察了不同过饱和度、不同pH值下生长的ADP晶体(100)面的微观形貌,发现与正常pH值相比,在较低的过饱和度下,pH=2.5和5.0的晶面上就出现了二维核。     

pH值对溶液燃烧法制备纳米LaFeO3的影响

以硝酸镧和硝酸铁为氧化剂,柠檬酸为燃料,采用溶液燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型LaFeO3.通过XRD和SEM研究了分别以氨水和NaOH溶液为pH调节剂,前驱物溶液pH值对制备的纳米LaFe03粉体的晶相组成和微观形貌的影响.结果表明不同的pH调节剂和前驱物溶液pH值对燃烧产物的晶相组成、晶粒大小和微观相貌都有显著的影响.氨水调...     

高矿化度油田卤水中pH值对20碳钢在硫酸盐还原菌作用下腐蚀行为的影响

目前对含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)高矿化度下油气田卤水的腐蚀行为报道较少.采用挂片腐蚀试验和电化学试验法研究了20碳钢在含硫酸盐还原菌的不同pH值高矿化度油田卤水中的腐蚀规律,采用扫描电镜观察试样形貌.结果表明:20碳钢在pH值为5.5的含SRB腐蚀液中的腐蚀较pH值为7.5时严重,是不含SRB腐蚀液中的6倍多;pH值为7.5时,20碳钢表面微生物膜较厚,碳钢的腐蚀速率有所下降,致密的SRB生物膜的形成对溶液中Cl-的迁移起到了阻碍作用,碳钢的腐蚀得到了一定的抑制.     

pH值对水热法制备ZnGa2O4粉体的影响

采用水热法制备了ZnGa2O4纳米粉体,使用XRD、SEM、TEM及AFM对不同pH值条件下产物的结构及微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明pH值调节严重影响ZnGa2O4的晶相及粒度:当pH≥7.5时,可得到纯相的ZnGa2O4纳米粉体;随着pH的增加,晶胞参数增加,所得样品的平均粒径不断减小,其粒径范围为6～11nm,发射峰位置在450nm左右.所得样品的晶型很完整,GaO(OH)为细长棒状,ZnGa2O4晶粒为四方形和圆形.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel nanostructured fishbone-like Cu(OH)2 and CuO from Cu4SO4(OH)6

The Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction with a yield of ~ 90%. Using Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ as the starting material, novel fishbone-like Cu(OH)₂ was produced by a direct reaction of Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ with NaOH solution. The Cu(OH)₂ consists of many needle-like nanorods parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of backbone, forming fishbone-like structure. Using the fishbone-like Cu(OH)₂ as the sacrificial precursor, CuO with similar size and morphology was obtained through a simple heat treatment. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET nitrogen adsorption, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. The conversion of the Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ to the fishbone-like Cu(OH)₂ was visualized by time-dependent SEM images. A mechanism was also proposed based on the observed results.     

A study on thermal emission of charges at Si3N4—GaAs interfaces after annealing in N2 and N2 + H2 mixtures

Si₃N₄—GaAs interfaces subjected to annealing in N₂ + H₂ mixture or pure N₂ atmosphere were investigated by a small-signal charge deep-level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) method. The method measures the physical parameters of selective populations of the interface traps continuum. A dependence of the capture cross-section on activation energy was constructed for the continuum of interface states at the Si₃N₄—GaAs interface. The dependence shows an exponential character in the part of the gap ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 eV below the conduction band minimum. It was found that annealing in the temperature interval 400–450 °C reduces the zero-bias band bending by about 0.1 eV. At temperatures of 500 °C and more, degradation of the interface started; compared with annealing in pure N₂ ambient, annealing in an N₂ + H₂ mixture degraded the interface slightly more.     

Reinvestigation of the binary diagram Na3PO4-FePO4 and crystal structure of a new iron phosphate Na3Fe3(PO4)4

A new iron(III) phosphate Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ has been synthesized and characterized. It decomposes before melting at 860°C into FePO₄ and Na₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃. The structure of the compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit cell is monoclinic with the following parameters: a=19.601(8) Å, b=6.387(1) Å, c=10.575(6) Å and β=91.81(4)°; Z=4; space group: C2/c. Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ exhibits a layered structure involving corner-linkage between FeO₆ octahedra, and corner- and edge-sharing between FeO₆ octahedra and PO₄ tetrahedra. The Na⁺ cations occupying the interlayer space are six- and seven-fold coordinated by oxygen atoms. The relationship between the structure of Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ and the previous reported hydrate K₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄·H₂O will be discussed.     

Effect of organic dopants on electrodeposition and characteristics of polyaniline under the varying influence of H2SO4 and HClO4 electrolyte media

Electrodeposition of conducting polyaniline (Pani) was made under potentiostatic condition at pH 1.0 in different electrolyte media (H₂SO₄ and HClO₄) in the absence and presence of two organic dopants, disodium salts of naphthalene-1,5-disulphonic acid (NSA) and of catechol-3,5-disulphonic acid (CSA). The rate and yield of Pani deposition were dependent on the acid medium and the dopant employed. NSA in H₂SO₄ caused an increase in rate and yield but CSA decrease when compared to the rate and yield of H₂SO₄ alone. In HClO₄ medium, both the dopants showed a decrease. With regard to DC electrical conductivity, both the dopants exhibited an enhancement in H₂SO₄ medium but NSA a decline in HClO₄. Characterisation of the electrosynthesised polymer samples by various instrumental techniques (cyclic voltammetric: CV, FTIR, UV-Visible: UV-Vis, EPR, XRD, TGA and DTG methods) revealed that between the two acid media, H₂SO₄ was the better one. Further, it enlightened the role of two organic dopants in relation to the acid media. The advantageous role of NSA in H₂SO₄ had origin on its molecular characteristics such as non-polarity, larger π-electron cloud etc., while CSA could not perform such a role because of its easily oxidisable hydroxyl groups. In HClO₄, however, both the dopants could play only an unfavourable role owing to its greater polarity and oxidizing power than H₂SO₄.     

Correlation between structure and photoluminescence of the europium doped glaserite-type phosphate Na2SrMg(PO4)2

A new phosphate Na₂SrMg(PO₄)₂ has been synthesized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, DTA, ³¹P NMR spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. This compound crystallizes in the space group P2₁/a of the monoclinic system with the cell parameters: a = 9.158(1) Å, b = 5.267(1) Å, c = 13.498 (1) Å, β = 90.01(1)° and four formula units per cell. Its structure is closely related to that of the mineral glaserite K₃Na(SO₄)₂ and thus it can be described by the general formula XY₂M(TO₄)₂. The X, Y, M and T sites are fully occupied by Sr²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and P⁵⁺ cations, respectively. The anionic framework is consisted by the stacking along the [001] direction of two kinds of alternating [MgP₂O₈⁴⁻]_∞ mixed layers parallel to the (a, b) plane and resulting from a corner-sharing between MgO₆ octahedra and PO₄ tetrahedra. The Sr²⁺ cations are located within the interlayer space, while those Na⁺ are found in large cavities bounded to the layers. The DTA analysis showed a congruent melting of this compound at 1374 K. The ³¹P NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of two distinct phosphors sites in the structure. Optical studies were performed on the Na₂SrMg(PO₄)₂ compound doped with Eu³⁺ and Eu²⁺. The trivalent europium was used as a local probe, replacing strontium and sodium, what gives complementary and consistent results to the crystallographic analyses. The divalent europium was used to analyze preliminary the potentiality for this compound to be integrated as phosphor in Light Emitting Diode (LED).     

Photoluminescence and radioluminescence of pure and Ce activated Na3Gd(PO4)2

The spectroscopic properties of Na₃Gd(PO₄)₂ and Na₃Gd(PO₄)₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors in the VUV-UV spectral range were investigated. Five excitation bands of Ce³⁺ ions at Gd³⁺ sites are observed at wavelengths of 205, 246, 260, 292, and 321 nm. Doublet Ce³⁺ 5d → 4f emission bands are observed at 341 and 365 nm with a decay constant τ_1/e around 26 ns. The X-ray excited luminescence of Na₃Gd_0.99Ce_0.01(PO₄)₂ at room temperature shows a photon yield of ∼17,000 photons/MeV of absorbed X-ray energy.     

Large-scale hydrothermal synthesis of WO3 nanowires in the presence of K2SO4

WO₃ nanowires were fabricated by a hydrothermal method in the presence of K₂SO₄. The nanowires exhibit a well crystallized one-dimensional structure with 10 nm in diameter and several microns in length. Effects of other alkali salts (KNO₃, NaNO₃ and Na₂SO₄) on the morphologies of WO₃ nanocrystals were also investigated. The important role of K₂SO₄ salt in the WO₃ nanowires synthesis has been demonstrated.     

Dielectric and electric studies of the [N(CH3)4][N(C2H5)4]ZnCl4 compound at low temperature

The [N(CH₃)₄][N(C₂H₅)₄]ZnCl₄ compound was prepared and characterized by electrical technique. The temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity shows that this compound is ferroelectric below T = 268 K. The two semi-circles observed in the complex impedance identify the presence of the grain interior and grain boundary contributions to the electrical response in the material. The equivalent circuit is modeled by a combination series of two parallel R_P–CPE circuits. The frequency dependent conductivity is interpreted in term of Jonscher's law. The modulus plots can be characterized by the empirical Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (K.W.W.) function: ?(t) = exp [(−t/τ)^β]. The temperature dependence of the alternative current conductivity (σ_p), direct current conductivity (σ_dc) and the relaxation frequency (f_p) confirm the presence of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition.     

AZ31镁合金在含NaCl和Na2SO4薄层液膜下的腐蚀行为

为研究大气污染物对镁合金腐蚀的影响规律,采用室内模拟暴露实验,分析AZ31镁合金含有NaCl和Na2SO4的薄层液膜下的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:AZ31镁合金表面沉积NaCl和Na2SO4薄液层中的腐蚀动力学符合幂函数规律,说明NaCl和Na2SO4对AZ31镁合金腐蚀有加速作用;AZ31镁合金在NaCl薄层液膜下,阳极极化电流密度增大,R f和R ct值降低,促进了阴极去极化历程,增强了阳极活性溶解,加剧镁合金的阳极溶解;而在Na2SO4薄层液膜下,R f和R ct值增大,击穿电位与腐蚀电位的差值(ΔE)减小,这是由于难溶的硫酸盐和Mg(OH)2覆盖在AZ31镁合金表面,使金属溶解和离子扩散速率降低,导致阳极过程阻滞.     

Crystal structure of the orthorhombic U2-Al4Mg4Si4 precipitate in the Al–Mg–Si alloy system and its relation to the β′ and β″ phases

The atomic structure of a common precipitate in the Al–Mg–Si system has been determined. It is isotypic with TiNiSi (space group Pnma) and contains four units of MgAlSi in a unit cell of size a = 0.675 nm, b = 0.405 nm, c = 0.794 nm. EDS analyses support the composition. A model was based on the atomic structure of the β′ precipitate, electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. A quantum mechanical refinement of the model removed discrepancies between simulated and experimental diffraction intensities. Finally, a multi-slice least square refinement confirmed the structure. The structural relation with β″ is investigated. A similar Mg–Si plane also existing in β″ and β′, can explain most coherency relations between the precipitate phases and with matrix.