热处理对铸态Zn-5%Al合金的相变超塑性的影响

研究表明,铸态Zn-5%Al(质量分数,下同)共晶合金在20～350C热循环相变条件下进行拉伸时具有超塑性,当施加的初始外应力σ0低于1-4MPa时,铸态Zn-5%Al合金一次热循环过程中的应变增量εt与应力σ0成线性关系,符合Greenwood-Johnson的相变超塑性模型.热循环过程中,铸态Zn-5%Al合金产生的相变内应力变形主要通过α/β界面间的扩散来快速协调.未经淬火处理的铸态Zn-5?合金,共晶组织中的α相呈长条状,界面扩散协调效果较差,因而超塑性延伸率较低;而经过淬火处理以后,α相发生球化,其条状长度变短,而且淬火保温时间越长,α相的球化程度越高,在进行热循环相变拉伸时,对内应力塑性变形的扩散协调效果越好,因而更容易获得较大的应变速率和较高的断裂延伸率.     

Cr12MoV钢焊接区表面高频淬火后的超塑性焊接

对Cr12MoV钢进行表面高频淬火后超塑性焊接,选用的工艺参数为:加热温度为800℃,焊接时间t=5min,预压应力σ0=56.6MPa,初始应变速率ε0=2.5×10-4s-1。对接头组织进行了观察和分析。试验结果表明,焊接区局部高频淬火后的Cr12MoV钢在其超塑变形温度及应变速率范围内,经短时间超塑焊接,其接头抗拉伸强度可以达到母材值。     

细晶高强铝合金7475超塑变形行为

7475高强铝合金经过由固溶处理、轧制、再结晶组成的形变热处理工艺细化晶粒后,在适当条件下变形可呈现出良好的超塑性。在最佳变形条件下(T=510℃,ε_0=8.33×10~(-4)S~(-1)),获得最大延伸率为1700%。显微组织观察表明:Ⅲ区变形机制以晶间滑移为主,在晶内形成了位错亚结构。Ⅱ区的变形机制为晶界滑移伴随晶内位错运动。位错密度随应变的增加而增加。在Ⅰ区变形以扩散蠕度为主不包括晶间滑移。超塑变形Ⅱ区的激活能接近于体扩激散活能。基体中的体扩散是该合金超塑变形的速控过程     

Crl2MoV钢焊接区表面高频淬火后的超塑性焊接

对Crl2MoV钢进行表面高频淬火后超塑性焊接,选用的工艺参数为：加热温度为800℃,焊接时间t=5min,预压应力σ0=56．6MPa,初始应变速率ε0=2．5×10^-4s^-1。对接头组织进行了观察和分析。试验结果表明,焊接区局部高频淬火后的Crl2MoV钢在其超塑变形温度及应变速率范围内,经短时间超塑焊接,其接头抗拉伸强度可以达到母材值。     

LiTaO3掺杂对K0.5Na0.5NbO3基无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了LiTaO3掺杂的K0.5Na0.5NbO3基无铅压电陶瓷(记为KNN xLT,x=0～8%(摩尔分数)),并研究了陶瓷的晶相、显微结构和压电、铁电等性能.研究结果表明,KNN xLT陶瓷的正交相-四方相准同型相界(MPB)位于4%＜x＜6%处.随着LiTaO3含量的增加,陶瓷的正交→四方结构相变温度(TO-T)向低温方向移动,而四方→立方结构相变温度(Tc)向高温方向移动.陶瓷的压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp随LiTaO3含量的增加均先增大后减小,而剩余极化强度Pr则随之逐渐减小,矫顽场Ec逐渐增大.当x=6%时,陶瓷具有较好的压电和铁电性能:d33=190pC/N,kp=40.0%,Pr=22.0μC/cm2,Ec=1.78kV/mm,Tc=440℃.该体系陶瓷具有较高的压电常数和比较大的平面机电耦合系数,是一种应用前景良好的压电铁电材料.     

(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(1-x)Li_xNb_(1-y)Sb_yO_3系无铅压电陶瓷的弥散相变研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了(K0.5 Na0.5)1-xLixNb1-ySbyO3(KNLNSx-y,x=0～10%(摩尔分数),y=2%～8%(摩尔分数))系无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Li+和Sb5+的取代对KNLNSx-y系材料的相变弥散性的影响.结果表明,在所研究的组成范围内,KNLN-Sx-y,陶瓷都形成了单一的钙钛矿结构,Li+和Sb5+蚪进入了KNN晶格形成固溶体;随着Li含量的增加,KNLNSx-5陶瓷四方-立方相变的弥散性有所减弱;随着Sb含量的增加,KNLNS2-y,陶瓷四方-立方相变的弥散性有所增强.采用修正的居里-外斯定律能够较好的描述KNLNSx-y陶瓷在高于居里温度情况下的介电常数与温度的关系;利用有序-无序理论对该介电弥散现象进行了解释.     

预时效对CuAlNi单晶相变温度的影响

根据有序化理论,提出了预时效概念,并用无析出物形成的预时效处理研究了Cu-13.4Al-4. 0Ni单晶相变温度随预时效工艺的变化,结合DSC和偏光金相分析探讨了预时效与时效的界限.淬冷状态的Cu-Al-Ni单晶其相变温度可以根据需要进行预时效处理,经预时效后,其M s为淬冷态的Ms+0～70 ℃,As为淬冷态的As+0～90 ℃可调. 预时效温度应为淬冷态的Ms+100～200 ℃. 经过预时效的合金在马氏体状态下其相变温度保持稳定. 在高出淬冷态合金Ms点300 ℃以上随着保温温度的升高或保温时间的增长,处理后的 Ms、As等转变温度向高温移动,并且相应的β′1相的数量也会降低,γ′1 相量增加. 尽管此时没有析出物产生,但是单一β′1相转变为β′1+γ′1后,由于γ′1相很差的原位再现性而导致降低形状记忆行为和超弹行为.     

激光相变硬化提高旋转接头的耐磨性

为了提高35CrMo旋转接头的耐磨性,采用正交试验法研究了35CrMo旋转接头激光相变硬化适合的工艺方法和参数,获得的优化工艺参数为:激光功率P=1 500 W,光斑直径D=3.5 mm,扫描速度V=20 mm/s.结果表明:激光相变硬化层的平均硬度达786 HV1 N,比渗氮淬火提高了约30%,耐磨性提高了约1倍,表面残余应力大部分为压应力,能满足旋转接头工作要求,为改进旋转接头的表面处理方法提供了依据.     

低温下可成形无余量钛合金

由日本 NKK钛合金公司生产的 SP- 70 0钛合金的可成形性优于其它钛合金 ,现正由俄亥俄州 RMI钛公司向亚洲外的市场销售。该合金在相对低温条件下可加工成形为近无余量零件。此合金在 770～ 80 0℃之间呈超塑性 ,比 Ti- 6 Al- 4 V约低 140℃。合金中含铝 4 . 5% ,钒 3% ,钼 2 % ,铁 2 %。由于具有极精细的微观结构及低的 β转变温度 ,使其在低于 80 0℃时可超塑成形而不导致流变应力有很大提高。合金在这一温度下也可进行扩散连接。可以避免快速冷却引起的热变形 ,而且疲劳寿命以及抗氢致应力腐蚀开裂能力有所改善。RMI公司准备进一步…     

钛合金室温超塑探索研究

对钛合金室温超塑性行为进行了一些探索研究,其中包括在室温条件下在0.5～1s内进行快速压缩超塑试验,并且要求达到80%左右的大变形量,以及开展相关性能、组织等方面的研究,为今后钛合金室温超塑方面的进一步研究提供一些参考.     

Electropulsed steels

Abstract

With appropriate electropulsing parameters, the microstructure of steels can be manipulated towards a state that possesses favourable physical, mechanical and chemical properties. This work demonstrates the application of designed electropulsing to pearlitic steel, transformation induced plasticity steel, austenite stainless steel and clean steel in order to generate novel microstructures that are difficult to achieve by other conventional thermomechanical processes. The principles for the design of electropulsing processing have been discussed. The method is particularly suitable for fabrication of the advanced multiphase and multicomponent alloys.     

Future developments and applications of nitrogen-bearing steels and stainless steels

After considerations related with the global frame of the demand of society in the field of materials and some recalling of basic properties and principles of nitrogen alloying, possible future developments are listed and discussed.     

Rapid solidification of steels

Solidification at very high rates of cooling results in considerable refinement in the microstructure of alloys. It enables the formation of extremely fine grains, extends solid solubilities and leads to the nucleation of many metastable crystalline phases. We discuss briefly the methods of rapid solidification and their impact on microstructure and structure of alloys. Each of the aspects of structure development is illustrated with examples from steels.     

Positron measurements in steels

Positron Doppler broadening measurements were utilized to detect changes in trapping mechanisms in steels.     

Super duplex stainless steels

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of duplex stainless steels (DSS) with particular emphasis on super DSS, i.e. steels containing sufficient amounts of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen to produce a pitting resistance equivalent greater than 40. Duplex stainless steels have an attractive combination of mechanical and corrosion properties and are thus suitable for many marine and petrochemical applications, particularly where chlorides are present. The paper covers the following aspects of DSS: physical metallurgy, mechanical properties, corrosion properties, metallurgy of welding, machinability, and applications. A large number of references to the literature are given to aid the reader who is interested in acquiring a deeper understanding of the behaviour of this family of steels.

MST/1685     

Delayed failure of steels

Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, No. 5, pp. 33–35, September–October, 1992.     

Crack arrest in steels

This paper examines 3 theories that have been used to characterize the arrest capabilities of steels and structures: (1) The static analysis, arrest toughness ($\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{Ia}}$) theory; (2) The dynamically loaded/stationary crack toughness ($\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{Id}}$) theory, and (3) The dynamic analysis, propagating crack energy or toughness ($\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{ID}}$ or $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{ID}}$) theory. These three concepts are examined in the light of measurements of unstable fracture and crack arrest in wedge-loaded DCB test pieces together with a fully dynamic analysis of the experiments.     

Welding duplex stainless steels

An account is given of some of the duplex steels now available, their properties and in particular means of welding them.