食品低温联合干燥方法及装置的研究

所谓联合干燥是依据食品的特性,将两种或两种以上的干燥方式依照优势互补的原则,分阶段进行干燥的一种复合干燥技术。食品低温联合干燥方法是采用低温（冷风）干燥、冷冻干燥（或真空干燥）、低温（热风）干燥的一项经济合理、产品质地优良的新型联合干燥技术。采用该技术既可以最大限度地保留原有食品的色香味和营养成分,又可以实现以下干燥工艺：低温（冷风）干燥工艺、冷冻干燥工艺、热风干燥工艺、低温联合干燥工艺、真空低温联合干燥工艺。在这些工艺中,与冷冻干燥工艺相比,采用低温联合干燥工艺和真空低温联合干燥工艺在总干燥时间方面要分别缩短50％和70％以上,在单位能耗方面分别降低39．6％和53％左右。     

低温真空干燥对胡萝卜品质的影响

以胡萝卜为对象,研究了低温真空干燥对胡萝卜的营养成分(如还原糖、维生素C等)及复水特性影响,并将低温真空干燥与真空冷冻干燥及热风干燥进行了对比。实验表明:经过热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥后胡萝卜的维生素C损失率分别是低温真空干燥的2.47倍和2.14倍。低温真空干燥可以较好的保持胡萝卜的组织结构完整性,并且减少营养物质的流失。     

冷冻干燥设备及工序关键点控制——制药企业用冷冻干燥设备特点、主要性能要求及操作工序中的关键点控制

真空冷冻干燥技术是指在真空状态下,对物料进行低温冷冻（一般低于-25℃）,完成由固态直接向气态转化的过程,避免常规干燥过程中,温度升高对热敏物料成分的损害。本文将介绍制药企业用冷冻干燥设备特点、设备主要性能要求及操作工序中的关键点控制等。     

薄膜光电性能表征用小型液氮低温恒温器

本文介绍了一种高真空低温环境下用于薄膜光电性能研究的小型液氮低温恒温器,它能提供稳定低温并与外界隔绝的真空环境,可广泛用于薄膜材料的光学、磁热、超导和电学性能研究领域.系统通过液氮杜瓦和基片加热装置使样品维持在所需的低温高真空条件下,既能通过外接光源将光线引入真空室并辐照在样品上或通过真空电极引线测试样品的电学特性,也可实现薄膜的光电性能表征.热负荷计算与分析表明,该系统可长时间保持所需的低温真空环境,且该装置具有结构简单、体积小和温控稳定等优点,适于薄膜器件的真空低温变温研究.     

真空冷冻干燥过程参数对玫瑰的冻干过程影响的试验研究

真空冷冻干燥技术是将含水物料在低温状态下冻结,然后在真空条件下,使冰直接升华成水蒸气并排掉脱水物料中的水分使物料干燥.因此真空冷冻干燥产品可以最大限度的保持新鲜物料的原有色、香、味.形和营养成分.本文通过对玫瑰花的真空冷冻干燥实验的分析,对影响真空冻干的过程参数进行了试验研究.试验表明隔板温度、干燥室真空度是很重要的两个参数;冻结速率对总冻干时间没影响.     

基于低温制冷机的低温流体电容式密度测量

设计并搭建了一套基于G-M低温制冷机的电容式密度测量实验装置,由平行板电容器、样品流体测试腔、充排气体管路、低温制冷机、温度测量与控制单元、压力测量单元、真空绝热保护腔以及高真空排气系统八个部分组成。该系统适用温度测量范围为15—300 K,压力测量范围0.01—0.3 MPa。实验中的低温液体由常温气体经低温制冷机冷却液化得到,并蓄存在装有平行板电容器的样品测试腔内。该测试腔上开有视窗,可用于观察冷却过程中低温液体的形成及其液位。对受控压力及温度下的液氮、液氩两种低温流体的密度进行了测量,所得数据与文献实验值及美国NIST标准数据吻合良好,液相区相对偏差小于±0.5%。该密度测量系统今后可用于测量其他流体(包括混合物)在低温下的p-ρ-T数据,还有望经过改进和集成化设计后实现LNG和空分等工业领域的低温流体密度在线实时监测。     

低温冷冻干燥装置的研制

冷冻干燥过程的研究对实验室用小型冷冻干燥装置提出了新的性能要求。笔者设计并制作了一台低温冷冻干燥装置 ,首次应用新型的自动复叠循环作其制冷系统。该装置最低制冷温度低于 - 80℃ ,并且能对温度、真空度以及制品质量进行准确地测量和控制 ,可用于多种制品冷冻干燥过程的研究和优化     

酸化纸质文物水溶液真空脱酸和冷冻干燥试验研究

以酸化纸质文物为对象,研制了一种集真空脱酸、低温预冻和真空干燥于一体的试验装置,并应用该装置对纸质文物进行真空脱酸和对脱酸后纸质文物进行真空冷冻干燥试验。研究了真空脱酸、低温预冻和真空干燥各试验工艺和数据,并对试验前后相关数据进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:真空脱酸试验后纸质文物的酸性被完全去除,脱酸速率较传统方法有很大提高;真空冷冻干燥后的纸质文物未出现皱缩、粘连、变形等现象,且油墨字迹均保持完好。研究结果证明了此方法符合当前纸质文物规模化脱酸及其干燥的要求。     

连用DCS与显微方法的冷冻干燥系统及实验研究

研制了一种真空冷冻干燥装置,并在其中引入了DSC热分析和显微观察的功能,利用此连用DSC与显微方法的冷冻干燥系统,对低温保护剂海藻糖(trehalose)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液进行了冷冻干燥实验,主要考察冷冻速率和溶液用量等不同冷冻条件对溶液冻结特性和升华过程的影响,并通过冻干溶液多孔结构的显微照片估计溶液冻结后形成冰晶的情况.实验结果表明,加快冷冻速率会导致不完全冻结并形成大量的细小冰晶,增加样品用量同样会引起过冷度增大,导致冰晶尺寸减小,使升华阻力增大,升华速率减慢.     

冻干支架孔隙形态的影响因素

随着组织工程学的发展，真空冻干燥技术（冻干技术）在构筑三维可生物降解聚合物支架中得到了新的应用，并体现出操作简便、支架形态可控、清洁安全等特点。通过样品预冻过程数值分析，结合国外冷冻干燥构筑多孔聚合物支架的实验研究，分析影响冻干支架孔隙形态的主要因素，讨论真空冷冻干燥支架孔隙形态的控制途径。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the