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1.
为了研究电介质材料在微纳米尺度下表面电荷产生的原因,为纳米电介质材料的发展提供实验分析基础,本文利用电场力显微镜(Electrostatic Force Microscope,EFM)在微纳米尺度下对聚酰亚胺薄膜表面电荷的起因及特性进行了研究。研究表明:采用导电探针施加偏置电压,摩擦接触聚酰亚胺薄膜表面,在微纳米区域内可产生稳定的电荷分布;薄膜的接触电势差约为-4.0V;负电压更易在聚酰亚胺表面注入电荷;针尖运动速度对聚酰亚胺表面电荷的产生影响并不显著。  相似文献   

2.
为进一步研究聚合物电介质材料聚酰亚胺表面电荷的生成规律和特性,利用Dimension 3100型扫描探针显微镜在微纳米尺度下对聚酰亚胺表面进行摩擦产生了电荷,并用静电力显微镜观察了电荷的消散过程.通过对实验结果的分析,得出微纳米尺度下聚酰亚胺表面电荷生成的规律和特性:表面电荷的极性与探针针尖所加偏压保持一致,且表面电荷的密度和作用区域会随着探针针尖所加电压的增加而加大,并随着探针摩擦速度的增加而减小.为探索聚合物电介质材料表面电荷生成规律及特性提供了一条新途径.  相似文献   

3.
流动电位法表征纳滤膜的表面动电特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定了纳滤膜在电解质水溶液中的流动电位.考察了盐溶液浓度、操作压力、离子种类和价态等对膜表面流动电位的影响.通过流动电位的测定可以得到纳滤膜的表面动电参数:Zeta电位和表面电荷密度.研究了浓度和压力对Zeta电位和电荷密度的影响.结果表明:纳滤膜表面流动电位的绝对值(|△E|)和表面Zeta电位的绝对值(|ζ|)均随电解质溶液浓度和压力的增加而减小;|△E|在不同电解质溶液中的顺序为:NaCl>MgCl2>KCl>KBr>Na2SO4>MeS04;表面电荷密度的绝对值(|σd|)随电解质溶液浓度的增加而增加,随压力的增加而下降.  相似文献   

4.
采用静电电位计测量经60Co伽玛射线源辐射的环氧树脂表面电位分布,结合频域介电谱和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱分析,研究总辐射量对材料表面电荷积聚特性的影响。结果表明,随着总辐射量的增大,表面电荷密度最大值及总电荷量均减小。文中认为伽玛线辐射引起的化学反应使环氧树脂表层的陷阱密度和能级发生变化,导致其表面电荷积聚能力下降。  相似文献   

5.
本文报道采用高温熔融粘合工艺和电晕注极方法制备了由多孔PTFE/FEP复合而成的空间电荷驻极体压电膜.根据Kacprzyk等人提出的复合驻极体膜的压电模型,结合等温表面电位衰减和压电系数衰减测量结果,研究了制备工艺对复合膜压电活性的影响.结果表明压电效应的大小不仅取决于捕获在材料中电荷密度的大小,还与被捕获电荷在材料中的存在形式和分布有关.  相似文献   

6.
采用自制静电探头测量经60Co伽玛线辐射源辐射的聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBN)试样的表面电荷密度,分析辐射量对试样表面电荷特性的影响。实验结果表明,随着施加负直流电压时间的延长,试样表面电荷平均密度增大;随着辐射量的增加,表面电荷平均密度降低。认为伽玛线辐射引起的交联反应使表面态密度降低,是造成PBN带电能力下降的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
采用流动电势技术、接触角技术及表面轮廓技术分别考察了由不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖制备的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖(ACA)膜的表面电荷分布、表面亲疏水性、表面粗糙度,并以纤维蛋白原为模型,采用静态吸附实验技术考察了表面性质对蛋白在ACA微胶囊表面的吸附量及吸附构象的影响.结果表明,ACA微胶囊表面净电荷为负,表面正电荷随脱乙酰度的降低而...  相似文献   

8.
陈倩  炎正馨  闫东芝  龚安  廖谦  王永胜 《材料导报》2015,29(16):137-141, 155
采用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似(GGA)计算方法对比分析了 O2分子在 Al(110)面3个不同吸附位(顶位、桥位和穴位)的吸附性质,通过吸附能的比较,桥位的吸附能高于顶位和穴位,是最佳的吸附位。吸附质的态密度、吸附物 O2分子轨道电荷分布的变化以及金属表面原子轨道电荷分布的变化揭示了吸附过程中电荷的转移趋势。计算结果表明,通过分析吸附质的原子轨道电荷分布和电子态密度,发现 O2在 Al(110)表面吸附的过程中,主要是 O 原子的2P 轨道和 Al 的3S 轨道的电子相互作用,并展示出较强的化学吸附。  相似文献   

9.
采用电子束辐照的方法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDM)/聚砜(PSF)中空纤维复合纳滤(NF)膜.研究了PDM水溶液的浓度、预涂膜的干燥时间、辐照时间、辐照剂量等制备条件与纳滤膜截留性能的关系.实验得到中空纤维内压纳滤膜对1g/L MgSO4的截留率为84.8%,对0.5g/L NaCl的截留率为12.8%.对纳滤膜截留性能的研究表明:(1)纳滤膜对阴离子的截留率与香农半径的变化规律相同,而阳离子相反,阴离子的价态对截留率的影响较小,而阳离子的价态对截留率的影响较大;(2)纳滤膜可实现单糖与多糖分离;(3)纳滤膜能有效截留纺丝废水中的[Amim]Cl.采用流动电位法研究纳滤膜的表面动电现象,研究了浓度和压力对膜的表面Zeta电位和电荷密度的影响.结果表明,纳滤膜的表面流动电位的绝对值(|△E|)和表面Zeta电位的绝对值(|ζ|)均随电解质溶液浓度和压力的增加而减小;|△E|在不同电解质溶液中的顺序为NaCl>MgCl2>KCl>KBr>Na2SO4>MgSO4;表面电荷密度的绝对值(|σd|)随电解质溶液浓度的增加而增加,随压力的增加而降低.采用流动电位法研究了功能层结构与纳滤膜截留性能的关系.实验表明,流动电位法可用于研究复合纳滤膜的截留机理和功能层结构.流动电位法可以得到膜表面电学参数,如流动电位(△E)、Zeta电位(ζ)和表面电荷密度(σd),这些参数的变化与功能层交联时间和纳滤膜截留率的变化一致.复合纳滤膜的|ζ|按照NazSO4>MgSO4>MgCl2增加,同截留率的变化一致.带侧基单体交联后得到的纳滤膜的表面电性能参数的绝对值小于不带侧基单体的.  相似文献   

10.
常压介质阻挡放电对聚苯乙烯表面改性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鉴于介质阻挡放电(DBD)是工业上非常有前途的处理材料表面的环保技术,于是采用常压DBD产生的空气低温等离子体对聚苯乙烯(PS)薄膜进行了表面改性.通过接触角测量、原子力显微镜(AFM)观察和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,研究了空气等离子体处理前后PS薄膜的表面性能的变化.结果表明,PS膜表面润湿性随处理时间的延长而提高,PS膜表面粗糙度增加,而且在表面10nm范围内引入了含氧和含氮的官能团.等离子体处理后PS薄膜润湿性改善的主要原因是由表面粗糙化和引入含氧、含氮极性官能团的复合作用造成的.  相似文献   

11.
The tribocharging characteristics of polymer powders have a significant impact on several industrial processes such as electrostatic powder coating and polymer powder processing. The nature of chemical species on the surface of powder influences the triboelectric charging characteristics. An atmospheric-pressure helium plasma was used to modify tribocharging properties of polystyrene microspheres and acrylic powders. Plasma surface modification reduced the magnitude of tribocharging for the test polymer powders. When tribocharged against stainless steel, the net charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) for both polystyrene microspheres and acrylic powders was less than that for the control samples. Plasma surface modification also reduced the tribocharging of mannitol, a pharmaceutical powder, against stainless steel. Further, Mars simulant dust (JSC Mars 1) was used as a test sample to study the effect of carbon dioxide physisorption on tribocharging. The Q/M of the sample with physisorbed CO2 was less than that of the control in all size ranges.  相似文献   

12.
介质材料带电对二次电子发射影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
航天器充放电效应故障大多都会引起卫星灾难性事故,对航天器在轨安全运行产生较大的影响。二次电子发射系数是决定卫星表面带电速率和充电平衡电位水平的重要材料特征参数。研究介质材料表面带电对二次电子发射影响的理论模型,分析表面正电位激发和负电位阻挡效应,并给出计算结果,为航天器充放电效应数值模拟和防护设计提供数据支持。  相似文献   

13.
High energy and efficient solar charging stations using electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are a promising portable power source for the future. In this work, two kinds of metal‐organic framework (MOF) derivatives, NiO/Co3O4 microcubes and Fe2O3 microleaves, are prepared via thermal treatment and assembled into electrochemical capacitors, which deliver a relatively high specific energy density of 46 Wh kg?1 at 690 W kg?1. In addition, a solar‐charging power system consisting of the electrochemical capacitors and monocrystalline silicon plates is fabricated and a motor fan or 25 LEDs for 5 and 30 min, respectively, is powered. This work not only adds two novel materials to the growing categories of MOF‐derived advanced materials, but also successfully achieves an efficient solar‐ECs system for the first time based on all MOF derivatives, which has a certain reference for developing efficient solar‐charge systems.  相似文献   

14.
空间材料表面充放电性能试验评估方法研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
空间材料的表面充放电可导致材料表面污染加速、热控性能和其他物理性能改变并产生电磁干拢 ,通过材料选择可以减少表面带电及其产生的危害 ,其中对材料进行充放电特性测试与评价是材料选择的重要依据。介绍了用于空间材料表面充放电特性试验评价的主要设备及其工作原理 ,重点介绍了试验的方法。试验结果及数据应用表明 ,利用该设备和试验方法可以较好地评价空间材料表面充放电特性  相似文献   

15.
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films with a high density exhibit broad functionality and great potential in nanodevices,as SWCNTs can be either metallic or semiconducting in behavior.The films greatly benefit from characterization technologies that can efficiently identify and group SWCNTs based on metallic or semiconducting natures with high spatial resolution.Here,we developed a facile imaging technique using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to discriminate between semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs based on black and white colors.The average width of the single-SWCNT image was reduced to ~9 nm,~1/5 of previous imaging results.These achievements were attributed to reduced surface charging on the SiO2/Si substrate under enhanced accelerating voltages.With this identification technique,a CNT transistor with an on/off ratio of >105 was fabricated by identifying and etching out the white metallic SWCNTs.This improved SEM imaging technique can be widely applied in evaluating the selective growth and sorting of SWCNTs.  相似文献   

16.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plays an indispensable role in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of its high efficiency and high spatial resolution in characterizing nanomaterials.Recent progress indicates that the contrast arising from different conductivities or bandgaps can be observed in SEM images if single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are placed on a substrate.In this study,we use SWCNTs on different substrates as model systems to perform SEM imaging of nanomaterials.Substantial SEM observations are conducted at both high and low acceleration voltages,leading to a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the imaging parameters and substrates on the material and surface-charge signals,as well as the SEM imaging.This unified picture of SEM imaging not only furthers our understanding of SEM images of SWCNTs on a variety of substrates but also provides a basis for developing new imaging recipes for other important nanomaterials used in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.  相似文献   

17.
航天器表面充电到高静电位会导致静电放电(ESD),从而影响甚至破坏卫星电子器件.静电放电事件大多与各种表面材料之间的差异带电有关,因此研究不同表面材料在空间的充电电位对于控制航天器表面静电放电事件至关重要.本文介绍了用于测量表面电位的静电感应式电位监测器的工作原理,并且对探头部分设计参数的选取进行了数值模拟计算研究,用于设计参数的选取和优化.  相似文献   

18.
Fundamental insight into the surface charging mechanism of TiO2(B) nanomaterials is limited due to the complicated nature of lithiation behavior, as well as the limitations of available characterization tools that can directly probe surface charging process. Here, an in situ approach is reported to monitor the dynamic valence state of TiO2(B) nanotube electrodes, which utilizes in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to identify the origin and contribution of surface storage. A real‐time correlation is elucidated between the rate‐dependent electrode performance and dynamic Ti valence‐state change. A continuous Ti valence state change is directly observed through the whole charging/discharging process regardless of charging rates, which proves that along with the well‐known non‐faradaic reaction, the surface charging process also originates from a faradaic reaction. The quantification of these two surface storage contributions at different charging rates is further realized through in situ dynamic valence state monitoring combined with traditional cyclic voltammetry measurement. The methodology reported here can also be applied to other electrode materials for the real‐time probing of valence state change during electrochemical reactions, the quantification of the faradaic and non‐faradaic reactions, and the eventual elucidation of electrochemical surface charging mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
通过测量不同压力压装的单芯延期体的压药密度、燃烧速度,研究了压药压力对硅系延期药燃速及其精度的影响。测试结果表明:压药压力在40~640 MPa范围内,对应压药密度为3.15~4.08 g/cm~3、延期药燃速为187.74~258.26 mm/s;压药压力与平均压药密度、平均燃速均呈良好的线性关系;随着压药压力的增加,延期精度变好;640 MPa压药压力下硅系延期药燃速标准差最小,延期精度最高。  相似文献   

20.
在总结国内类似矿山边坡预裂爆破成功经验的基础上,对预裂爆破炮孔直径、孔距、线装药密度3个参数之间的关系进行了统计分析,针对某铁矿提出了两种炮孔直径条件下混合岩和片麻岩的预裂爆破技术参数,并在该铁矿边坡控制爆破中进行了试验应用,半孔率达90%以上,对于维护边坡岩体稳定具有重要意义.  相似文献   

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