基于小波包和BP神经网络的风机齿轮箱故障诊断

为了对风力发电机组中最容易发生故障的核心部件齿轮箱进行故障诊断,提出基于小波包变换和BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,根据齿轮箱工作时的振动信号特性,通过小波包变换方法对振动信号进行去噪、分解与重构,有效提取不同故障下各频段能量的故障特征;其次,将提取的能量故障特征输入至BP神经网络诊断系统中进行识别,实现故障的智能诊断。通过试验证明了该方法的有效性。     

小波包分析在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

基于小波包对信号的高分辨率分解和重构能力,把信号分解到不同频段,然后选择有效频段进行故障信号重构,分离出故障信息。通过对含有周期冲击的信号进行分解处理,展示了小波包分析在特征提取中的优点。通过对减速箱齿轮故障信号进行降噪、分解处理,表明该方法可以有效地提取故障信号中的周期冲击成分。     

基于小波包分析的往复式压缩机气阀故障诊断

本文针对往复式压缩机故障振动信号的特点,运用小波包分解提取出信号特征向量。结果表明,小波包能量分析够对几种不同类型的气阀故障做出较为准确的诊断。     

基于小波包能量谱的滚动轴承振动噪声检测方法

针对轴承振动与噪声源零件识别与检测问题，利用小波包分解的方法来分析轴承的振动噪声信号：根据待测轴承振动信号特点，确定小波包分解的小波函数及分解层数，得到了轴承振动信号在频域的信息；通过构造小波包能量谱来分析各个频段上振动信号的特征，根据各个小波包空间能量值的大小判断轴承振动的剧烈程度；通过小波包重构算法对轴承振动噪声贡献较大的小波包空间进行重构，得到具有较高信噪比的重构信号，便于进行频谱分析。结果表明，本文的检测方法可以较准确的识别出新出厂轴承中振动噪声的主要来源，对于后期实现轴承静音降噪具有重要意义。     

基于小波包能量谱的轴承噪声缺陷辨识

针对滚动轴承噪声的特点振动频率多集中在中高频,频谱为连续谱,成分复杂,特别是新轴承的噪声信号不明显,判断非常困难.本文运用正交小波包能量谱,通过引入能量百分比系数对轴承故障所在频段进行判断,得到的正交小波包分解更适合于分析新轴承的噪声缺陷分析.再通过重构小波包分解后的信号确认轴承的缺陷.运用此种方法对汽车空调器轴承进行分析,成功地辨识出轴承工作表面存在的缺陷.     

基于双树复小波包的发动机振动信号特征提取研究

针对柴油机缸盖振动信号的特征提取问题,提出了一种基于双树复小波包变换和自适应块阈值降噪的标准化相对能量提取方法,双树复小波包利用并行双树实小波变换分解系数达到信息互补,从而获得近似平移不变性和减少了信息的丢失.自适应分块阈值能够随所分析的信号自适应估计最优阈值,达到更好的降噪效果,同时引入消除频率混叠的算法,抑制了双树复小波包分解过程中虚假频率的产生.仿真信号和试验分析该方法能够更有效地消除噪声影响,所提取的相对能量特征具有更好的可区分度.     

基于小波-BP神经网络的发动机轴承故障诊断

本文针对发动机滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征,提出了一种基于小波包变换与神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。由于滚动轴承发生故障时,加速度振动信号各频带的能量会发生变化,以振动信号小波分解后的能量信息作为特征,以神经网络作为分类器对滚动轴承故障进行识别、诊断。通过对滚动轴承的正常状态、滚珠故障、内圈故障和外圈故障信号的分析,表明以小波包分解为预处理器的神经网络故障诊断方法可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于小波包滤波的汽轮机转子振动故障的Kolmogorov熵诊断

根据Bently实验台所采集的碰摩、松动、不对中、不平衡四种典型汽轮机转子振动故障信号,采用小波包和Kolmogorov熵相结合的方法对其进行故障诊断.即先利用小波包方法对原始信号进行滤波,提取有用的信号频段,再对滤波后的信号求解Kolmogorov熵.诊断结果表明:小波包分析的方法有着很好的滤波和提取非平稳信号的能力;小波包滤波后的汽轮机转子的振动时间序列在不同故障状态下的Kolmogorov熵明显不同,Kolmogorov熵在进行汽轮机转子故障类型诊断时有较好的区分度.     

基于谐波小波包和BP神经网络的滚动轴承声发射故障模式识别技术

由于滚动轴承声发射信号在各频段的能量分布与轴承的故障类型相关,可以利用谐波小波包将不同故障滚动轴承的声发射信号分解到不同频段,进而将各频段的能量组成特征向量输入BP神经网络,通过神经网络判别滚动轴承的故障类型。利用神经网络对滚动轴承进行故障识别时,对谐波小波包和Daubechies小波包进行了比较。实验结果表明对于滚动轴承声发射信号的故障模式识别,将谐波小波包分解和BP神经网络相结合的方法可以获得良好的效果。     

小波分析—AR谱及其工程应用

小波分析能将信号划分到不同频段内,实现微弱故障信号的分离和提取。AR谱不信号经小波变换后采样点变少的限制,得到准确的故障频率值。本文充分运用这两者的优点,对某厂轧钢机主传动减速机振动信号进行分析,发现高速轴工作侧轴承出现故障征兆。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.     

Possibilities of Decreasing the Errors of Determination of the Height of the Pole of a Sessile Drop of Melt

We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.