空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料,采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析.结果表明:空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料;空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大,但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大;15％空心微珠-10％碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳;随着滑动速度提高,空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨损率增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升,而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损,在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

拉伸速率对PP/GB复合材料力学性能的影响

应用Instron材料试验机考察了室温下拉伸速率对玻璃微珠填充聚丙烯复合材料的弹性模量和屈服强度的影响，结果表明，随着微珠含量的增加，试样的弹性模量（Ec）增大，且与拉伸应变速率呈近乎幂律函数关系，而屈服强度（бyc）则随着微珠体积分数（Φf）的增加呈线性函数形式下降，并随着拉伸应变速率的增加呈幂律函数形式提高，此外，讨论了Ec、Φf与бyc三者之间的关系。     

玻璃微珠/环氧树脂复合泡沫材料的力学性能及其理论分析

以环氧树脂(EP)为基体,空心玻璃微珠(HGM)为填料制备复合泡沫,并对其开展压缩、拉伸和低速冲击试验,探究不同微珠体积分数和冲击能量对微珠泡沫复合材料破坏形态、强度、模量和冲击吸能效应的影响.结果表明:当微珠体积含量从50％增加到75％时,微珠泡沫的抗压强度和模量分别降低了65％和55％,抗拉强度和模量分别降低了39％和30％,材料得到很大程度的轻量化.在43 J和49 J的冲击能量作用下,复合泡沫吸收的能量随着微珠体积分数的增大而增加,而当冲击能量进一步增大,微珠体积比为70％的复合泡沫比吸能(SEA)最高.过多微珠导致的团聚以及材料之间界面作用减弱对复合泡沫力学性能产生较大影响.基于复合材料细观力学理论,通过夹杂方法计算出微珠泡沫复合材料的有效模量,其理论值与试验值吻合较好.     

空心玻璃微珠增强环氧树脂复合材料的动态力学性能

通过对空心玻璃微珠（HGM）/环氧树脂复合材料进行动态力学分析（DMA）,给出了环氧树脂基体在不同频率下的动态力学温度谱,利用时温等效原理,根据位移因子构建了HGM/环氧树脂复合材料在室温下的储能模量和损耗模量的频率主曲线。分析了温度和频率、体积比和粒径对HGM/环氧树脂复合材料储能模量和损耗模量的影响规律,并结合SEM图像分析其影响机制。结果表明,随着HGM体积分数的增加,HGM/环氧树脂复合材料储能模量和损耗模量呈增大趋势;储能模量随温度升高而降低,损耗模量随温度的增加先增大后减小,在玻璃化温度附近形成一个峰值,HGM低于10%的配比有利于提高其动态力学性能。颗粒的团聚及界面的黏合均对HGM/环氧树脂复合材料的动态力学性能产生较大影响。     

粉煤灰微珠含量与粒径级配比对环氧树脂基复合材料弯曲性能的影响

对粉煤灰空心微珠/环氧树脂复合材料进行了弯曲试验,研究了微珠粒径、含量以及级配比例对复合材料弯曲性能的影响,并通过弯曲断口微观形貌分析了内在机理。结果表明,空心微珠的加入对粉煤灰空心微珠/环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度影响很大。随空心微珠含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度呈现先升高后下降的趋势,填充量为15wt%时,复合材料的弯曲强度最大;随空心微珠粒径的减小,复合材料的弯曲强度随之提高,小粒径微珠对环氧树脂复合材料弯曲强度的提升效果更好;空心微珠级配填充环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度主要受级配微珠中小粒径微珠含量的影响,小粒径微珠的比例越大,弯曲强度越高。     

环氧树脂复合泡沫塑料的制备及其拉压性能

使用万能试验机对粉煤灰微珠/环氧树脂复合泡沫塑料进行拉伸和压缩实验,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其断面形貌,研究了微珠含量、微珠粒径以及级配比例对复合泡沫塑料拉伸和压缩性能的影响。结果表明,随着微珠含量的增加复合泡沫塑料的拉伸和压缩强度都表现出先升高后下降的趋势,且在填充量为15phr时达到最大,其拉伸强度和压缩强度比纯环氧树脂分别提高了9.15%和6.86%。在填充量相同的条件下,微珠的粒径越小复合泡沫塑料的拉伸和压缩强度越高。填充小粒径微珠(20μm)比填充大粒径微珠(250μm)复合泡沫塑料的拉伸强度和压缩强度分别高158.41%和19.96%,拉伸模量和压缩模量分别高32.77%和73.59%。不同粒径微珠级配填充环氧树脂复合泡沫塑料的拉伸和压缩性能主要受小粒径微珠含量的影响,小粒径微珠含量越高其拉伸和压缩强度越高。     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料, 采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响, 并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析。结果表明: 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料; 空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大, 但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大; 15%空心微珠-10%碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳; 随着滑动速度提高, 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降, 磨损率增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升, 而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损, 在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

粉煤灰微珠填充环氧树脂复合涂层耐磨性能的研究

制备了粉煤灰微珠/环氧树脂复合材料涂层,并利用JM-V型磨耗仪对涂层材料进行了磨损试验,研究了粉煤灰微珠含量、微珠粒径以及试验负载和速度对复合涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,随粉煤灰微珠含量的增加,涂层的耐磨性呈先增加后下降的趋势,当填充的微珠质量分数为15%时,复合材料涂层的耐磨性最佳。随微珠粒径的增大,微珠在磨损过程中更加容易破碎,导致复合材料涂层的耐磨性随之下降。对比不同载荷和速度下复合材料涂层的磨损试验结果发现,随负载的增加,复合材料涂层的耐磨性降低;加快试验速度,涂层材料的磨损量也随之变大。     

碳基纳米填料填充聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备与流变特性

采用熔融共混法分别制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、炭黑(CB)、石墨微片(GNP)填充聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料。采用毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪对所制备的复合材料的黏度尺度效应和动态流变特性进行了实验研究。研究发现,填充材料的形态和含量都会对黏度的尺度效应和粘弹性产生影响。各填充体系的剪切黏度都会随着粒子质量分数的增加而增大,不同直径口模下的剪切黏度偏差值有逐渐减小的趋势,炭黑填充体系具有明显的黏度尺度效应。填充体系的储能模量和损耗模量均随着粒子质量分数的增加而增大。     

玻璃微珠表面处理对LDPE 复合材料拉伸性能的影响

应用Inst ron 材料试验机, 于室温下考察了玻璃微珠含量及其表面处理对填充低密度聚乙烯复合物拉伸性能的影响。结果表明, 复合材料的弹性模量(E_c) 随着微珠体积分数的增加而增大, 屈服强度(R_yR ) 变化不大, 而断裂强度(R_bR )、断裂应变(E_bR ) 和断裂能(E _bR ) 则减小; 在相同的实验条件下, 微珠表面经硅烷偶联剂预处理的填充体系的E c、R_yR 和R_bR 稍高于未作表面预处理的复合材料; 对于E_bR 和E _bR , 两体系之间的差异甚微。      

聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维混杂复合材料 Ⅱ: 混杂复合材料的静态及动态力学性能

对具有良好液晶聚合物微纤结构的聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维 (PP/TLCP/GF) 混杂复合材料,使用静态拉伸和动态力学分析 (DMA) 的方法研究了材料的力学性能。拉伸实验结果表明,混杂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量随着PP和TLCP挤出后的牵伸速率增大而上升,并且含有增容剂PP-g-MAH的体系,力学性能更优异。DMA测试结果表明,混杂复合材料的动态模量E'随着体系中玻纤的含量增加而增大;当体系中加入增容剂后,复合材料的刚性得到进一步提高。但无论是否使用了增容剂PP-g-MAH,当体系中玻纤含量高于20%后,模量随玻纤含量增大的趋势变缓。当体系中增强相的含量增加,以及加入增容剂使增强相与基体的界面粘结得到改善后,PP基体的损耗因子 (tanδ) 峰值都有一定的减小。      

Effects of reinforcement filler and temperature on the stability of β-crystal in glass bead filled polypropylene

The effects of crystallization temperature (T_c), glass bead content and its size on the formation of β-crystal and structural stability of originally formed β-crystal in glass bead filled polypropylene (PP) were examined. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated that the amount of β-phase in PP crystals was a function of the crystallization temperature and glass bead content. For a constant crystallization temperature, it was observed that the amount of β-crystal initially increased with increase in glass bead content up to 30 wt.%, and then decreased slightly with further increase in the filler content. From the DSC data, a disorder parameter (S) was derived to define the structural stability of originally formed β-crystals. The structural stability of originally formed β-crystals was enhanced with increase in either the crystallization temperature or the glass bead content. Also, the influence of glass bead size (4–66 μm) on the formation and stability of β-crystals in PP/glass bead blends was studied. Large glass bead particles suppressed the formation and decreased the stability of β-crystals.     

玻璃微珠增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩性能及热稳定性

研究了玻璃微珠增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备、微观结构、压缩性能和热稳定性。结果表明: 当玻璃微珠含量为10 %时, 增强泡沫塑料的压缩强度和压缩模量达到最大; 经过硅烷偶联剂表面处理的玻璃微珠增强的泡沫塑料的压缩强度和压缩模量提高幅度较大, 起始分解温度和峰值分解温度也有一定程度的提高。SEM、XPS 和EDS 分析表明: 增强泡沫塑料的泡孔密度增加、泡孔直径变小, 玻璃微珠表面与树脂基体间界面粘结状况良好, 玻璃微珠在树脂基体中均匀分散。这些因素是造成玻璃微珠增强泡沫塑料压缩性能和热稳定性具有较大改善的原因      

The effect of dispersed paint particles on the mechanical properties of rubber toughened polypropylene composites

The influence of dispersed paint particles on the mechanical properties of rubber toughened PP was investigated. The matrix was basically a hybrid of PP, rubber and talc. Model systems with spherical glass bead filled matrix were also studied to examine the effect of filler shape and size. Properties like tensile strength, strain at break, impact strength, and fracture toughness were influenced by the dispersed inclusions. Tensile strength at yield decreased linearly according to Piggott and Leinder's equation. Strain at break decreased more drastically with paint particles than glass beads, revealing that irregularly shaped particles offered greater stress concentrations. The tensile strength and strain at break were less influenced by the size of paint particles whereas a slight decrease in the modulus values was observed with decreasing particle size. Impact strength and fracture toughness also decreased with increasing filler fraction. Lack of stress transfer between filler and matrix aided in reduction of impact strength. Decrease in fracture toughness was influenced by volume replacement and constraints posed by fillers. The size of paint particles had little effect on the impact strength and fracture properties at the filler concentration levels used in this investigation.     

磷酸盐玻璃/聚丙烯复合体系的相容性

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)、力学性能测试、动态流变分析等手段研究了基体极性和相容剂对磷酸盐玻璃(TFP)/聚丙烯(PP)复合体系相容性的影响。结果表明,当基体用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-MAH)替换非极性的聚丙烯(PP)时,磷酸盐玻璃(TFP)粒子在基体中的分散尺寸由10μm减小为2μm,分散相对复合材料的复数黏度(η*)的影响更为明显;加入相容剂后,体系的黏度进一步增大,且基体的玻璃化转变温度向高温方向移动了5℃,复合材料的断裂伸长率近似线性增长。     

The effect of glass bead content on the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylate copolymer

The influence of glass bead content and the loading rate on the mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile/styrene acrylate (ASA) copolymer was investigated. For this copolymer, tensile yield strength and work to fracture were significantly reduced as the bead content was increased. Tensile yield strength decreased linearly with increasing glass bead content according to the Leinder equation. It was found that the variation of tensile yield strength with log (loading rate) follows that of Eyring's equation for yielding. The presence of the weldline reduced the tensile yield strength of both unfilled and filled materials. Flexural modulus and flexural strength also varied in a predictable fashion with glass bead concentration. The increase in modulus with glass bead content followed Kerner's equation.Crack growth resistance values of the unfilled ASA and its composites were measured at three loading rates using the generalized locus method. It was found that the resistance to steady crack propagation,J _R, was a sensitive function of glass bead content and loading rate. Within the range of these experiments,J _R decreased with increasing glass bead content and loading rate.     

Modelling of the viscoelastic behaviour of amorphous thermoplastic/glass beads composites based on the evaluation of the complex Poisson's ratio of the polymer matrix

A series of polystyrene/glass beads composites were studied by using dynamic mechanical spectrometry. From experimental data obtained under isothermal conditions, a simulation method of viscoelastic behaviour of amorphous thermoplastics reinforced by glass beads was devised. Such a theoretical approach confirmed the requirement of considering the Poisson's ratio as a complex component over all the temperature range. This could be related to the difference of many powers of ten between the moduli of the two phases. Thus, we suggest in this paper a method to evaluate the complex Poisson's ratio of the matrix. From these results, the influence of filler content on the magnitude of the mechanical relaxation related to the glass transition is taken into account.     

The role of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) as interfacial agent in polypropylene–matrix composites

The effect of modifying the particle/matrix interfacial region on the morphology and tensile behaviour of glass bead-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied. The interface modification was promoted by blending PP with a small concentration (5% by weight) of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate) (co-PET). Ten different PP/co-PET/glass beads ternary composites were prepared, characterized and compared with the homologous PP/glass beads binary ones. Maleic anhydride-grafted PP was added as a compatibilizing agent for PP and co-PET in some of the studied formulations, and its effect studied. Furthermore, four different silane-treated glass beads were used to prepare the composites (50 wt.%). Results showed that three different interfaces, corresponding to three different levels (low, middle and high) of particle/matrix adhesion, could be obtained in these composites by varying the matrix composition and the silane coupling agent on the glass bead surface, which resulted in a wide range of tensile properties, from ductile composites with low tensile strength and high elongation to brittle ones with high tensile strength. It was found that co-PET embeds glass bead surface independently of the silane coupling agent employed. Finally, the adhesion degree differences between the different composite phases seemed to be the main cause to explain the differences found in the sensitivity of the composite tensile characteristics to the strain rate.