强立方织构Ni-40%Cu-3%W及复合基带的制备

本工作采用轧制辅助双轴织构技术(RABiTS)制备了无铁磁性的Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金及Ni-40%Cu-3%W/Ni9W/Ni-40%Cu-3%W复合基带。采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)及背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)对Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金基带再结晶热处理后的织构进行了表征,结果表明,对Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金基带进行再结晶退火后(1 050 ℃保温60 min),合金基带表面形成了锐利的立方织构。此外,采用粉末冶金技术制备出了Ni-40%Cu-3%W/Ni9W/Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金复合坯锭,并采用RABiTS技术制备出了无铁磁性的复合基带,其室温下的屈服强度为255 MPa,明显高于商业化生产的Ni5W合金基带的屈服强度,弥补了Ni5W合金基带在磁性能和力学性能上的不足。     

超轻Mg-Li-Al系变形镁合金冷轧及热处理后的组织和性能

研究了超轻变形镁合金Mg (5% ~ 22%)Li 2%Al冷轧性能,热处理特性以及机械性能。合金的密度为1.206~1.642g/cm3。在室温条件下β相合金(16%和22%(质量分数)Li)具有非常良好的延展性,压下极限可达到90%以上。研究了Mg Li Al 系变形镁合金铸锭经不同温度、时间均匀化退火后的组织性能。对均匀化后的合金锭进行了冷轧,轧后板材在不同温度下进行了退火,研究其再结晶行为及组织性能。结果表明, Mg 9Li 2Al 2Ca合金在573K温度均匀化退火12h后合金铸锭组织均匀,有利于冷轧开坯变形;而对于Mg 9Li 2Al 合金, 523K 温度均匀化退火24h后组织较好。冷轧合金板材在573K温度退火1h 可发生完全再结晶,生成细小均匀的等轴晶组织。     

LY12铝合金的再结晶织构及晶界特征分布

利用X射线定量织构分析术和背散射电子衍射花样术,研究了冷轧LY12铝合金的再结晶织构及重位(CSL)晶界的分布.结果表明,高温退火样品的再结晶织构与冷轧样品的织构相似;预回复低温退火具有增强再结晶立方{001}〈100〉织构和降低退火S{123}〈634〉、C{112}〈111〉及B{110}}〈112〉织构组分的作用;高强度的再结晶立方织构和一定强度的S织构共存的样品,∑7重位晶界具有较高的出现频度.     

LY12铝合金的再结晶结构及晶界特征分布

利用Ｘ射线定量织构分析术和背散射电子衍射花样术,研究了冷轧ＬＹ１２铝合金的再结晶织构及重位（ＣＳＬ）晶界的分布。结果表明,高温退火样品的再结晶织构与冷轧样品的织构相似;预回复低温退火具有增强再结晶立方｛０１１｝〈１００〉织构和降低退火Ｓ｛１２３｝〈６３４〉、Ｃ｛１１２｝〈１１１〉及Ｂ｛１１０｝｝〈１１２〉织构组分的作用;高强度的再结晶立方织构和一定强度的Ｓ织构共存的样品,∑７重位晶界具有较高的频度。     

再结晶退火4J6合金薄带的微观组织特征

对变形量为40%,厚度为1.8 mm的冷轧4J6合金薄带施以不同温度相同保温时间的退火处理,采用金相组织观察,电子背散射衍射(EBSD)实验手段,研究了不同温度退火条件下,冷轧4J6合金薄带的显微组织和主要织构的演变规律以及晶界的取向差分布特征.结果表明,随着退火温度的增加,小角晶界的取向差逐渐减小,晶界的取向差主要分布在55°～60°之间;高斯织构及黄铜织构所占比例逐渐减小,《110》//RD织构逐渐增加.     

TC3钛合金冷轧板的再结晶及冷轧与再结晶织构的研究

用光学显微镜和x射线衍射等方法研究了TC3钛合金冷轧板经不同压下量单向冷轧和不同温度退火后,α相的再结晶及冷轧与再结晶织构的特点。建立了该合金的再结晶图。确定了该合金冷轧临界变形量和再结晶的温度范围,并测定了再结晶后α相的晶粒度级别和冷轧与再结晶织构的类型等。     

冷轧率与退火工艺对汽车用5754铝合金组织演变的影响

本文研究了汽车结构件用5754铝合金经不同冷轧变形量(冷轧率58%～75%,对应厚度2.5 mm、2.0 mm及1.5 mm)后再进行H22、H111两种退火处理的整个生产过程中组织的演化。在冷轧变形以及后续退火过程中,5754合金中等效圆直径大于0.2 μm的第二相分布不再发生改变,与热轧状态完全一致。热轧板芯部相比表层具有更多的轧制织构,存在沿厚度方向上的不均匀性。2.5 mm厚5754铝合金在冷轧和H22状态下也存在组织不均匀性。然而不同的是,冷轧后,铝合金表层轧制织构增多;在不完全退火时,这种不均匀的方式再一次发生改变,芯部依然存在大量轧制织构,而表层的再结晶程度更高,立方织构明显增多;H111状态完全再结晶退火后,板材表层和芯部组织趋于均匀。随着冷轧率的增加,2.0 mm及1.5 mm厚的板材组织较为均匀,冷轧及H22、H111退火状态板材均未出现表层与芯部的组织差异。冷轧后,板材组织呈纤维状,立方织构较热轧板进一步减少;H22不完全再结晶退火状态时,可以观察到板材发生部分再结晶,轧制织构减少,立方织构增多;至H111完全再结晶状态时,组织呈等轴晶状,立方织构达到最大值。     

冷轧Al_(0.3)CoCrFeNi高熵合金退火再结晶组织和织构的演变

利用维氏硬度计(HV)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),研究了90%冷轧Al0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金在900℃退火过程中的微观组织和织构演变规律。结果表明:退火0.5h合金发生完全再结晶,退火孪晶形成于再结晶面心立方(FCC)晶粒内;经退火1h后,富集Al-Ni原子的有序体心立方(BCC)相优先于FCC相的晶界处形核,且FCC相和BCC相均随着退火时间(1h~10h)的延长而发生晶粒长大。再结晶FCC相的织构组分主要为强{123},〈634〉S织构和强α-{110}纤维织构,{001}〈100〉立方织构随着退火时间的延长也逐渐转化为强织构;再结晶过程的进行使无择优取向的初始BCC晶核选择性长大,{111}〈112〉织构从而演变为强BCC相织构。     

中间退火及成品退火速率对高压阳极铝箔微观组织的影响

采用不同中间退火温度及成品退火速率对高压阳极铝箔进行处理,并利用EBSD及XRD技术分析其微观组织结构,尤其是织构的变化规律。结果表明,中间退火温度对后续成品退火中形成立方织构起到了关键作用,这可能是由于低温中间退火保留了大量的形变储能,为成品退火时立方织构的形成增加了形核核心。同时,低的中间退火温度造成立方织构较理想位置偏转程度更大。随着成品退火加热速率的增大,铝箔再结晶分数及再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,这是由于退火加热速率的增大(低于临界加热速率),缩短了晶界迁移的时间,减缓了再结晶的发生。     

3104铝合金再结晶织构的研究

应用取向分布函数(ODF)研究和分析了3104铝合金经不同工艺退火后的再结晶织构.结果表明:3104铝合金,形变织构由C{112}〈111〉,B{110}〈112〉,S{123}〈634〉织构组分组成;退火温度和保温时间对3104铝合金再结晶织构有重要影响,在低温短时退火时立方织构取向密度较弱,但随温度升高和保温时间的延长,立方织构取向密度逐渐增加,在经350℃60min,400℃60min和450℃15min等温退火后,再结晶基本完成,立方织构取向密度在400℃保温60min退火时达到最大,约为10级,但仍保留有少量冷轧织构;随着退火温度的升高,第二相粒子Al6(Fe,Mn)和Al(Fe,Mn)Si在再结晶过程中起到了粒子促进形核作用(PSN).     

Creating textured substrate tapes of Cu-Fe alloys for second-generation high-temperature superconductors

It is established that Cu-1.6 at % Fe alloy tapes obtained through cold rolling to 98.9% followed by recrystallization annealing possess a sharp cube texture, which opens prospects of using thin tapes of this alloy as substrates for second-generation high-temperature superconductors. The optimum regime of annealing is determined that allows an alloy with sharp biaxial texture containing more than 97% cubic grains to be obtained. The yield stress of a 90-μm-thick Cu-1.6 at % Fe alloy tape upon recrystallization annealing at 800°C for 1 h amounts to 78 MPa, which is about three times higher than the value for a pure copper tape with sharp cube texture.     

Textured tapes of three-layer Ni-5% W/Ni-11% Cr composite: Substrates for second-generation superconductors

We have studied the formation of recrystallization texture in three-layer Ni-5% W/Ni-11% Cr composite tapes obtained through cold rolling to 98.4–99.3% followed by high-temperature annealing at 1000–1150°C. It is established that the textured three-layer composite tapes can be used as substrates for creating second-generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ribbons. Estimation of the magnetic properties of as-annealed composite tapes showed that their magnetization at HTS working temperatures is lower than that of widely used commercial Ni-5% W alloy tapes.     

Influence of rolling temperature on static recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Poor formability of rolled magnesium (Mg) alloys extremely restricts applications in form of sheets originating from formation of strong basal texture. Recently, we found that increasing rolling temperature from 723 to 798 K for a AZ31 Mg alloy can significantly improve stretch formability due to remarkable texture weakening after annealing. In this study, static recrystallization behaviors of AZ31 alloy sheets rolled at 723 and 798 K were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction analyses at different annealing stages in order to understand the origin of high temperature rolling on texture weakening. For both sheets, similar deformation microstructures with approximately the same types and fractions of twins exist in the as-rolled condition and recrystallized grains are mainly formed at pre-existing grain boundaries due to discontinuous recrystallization during subsequent annealing. However, only the basal texture of the latter remarkably weakens due to the formation of new recrystallized grains with well-dispersed orientations. Non-basal slips enhanced during high temperature rolling at 798 K are most likely responsible for the texture randomization as a result of rotations of recrystallization nuclei.     

冷轧形变量对异步轧制高纯铝箔织构的影响

应用取向分布函数(ODF)研究和分析了异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构和再结晶织构.结果表明:异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构除了C{112}<111>、B{110}<112>和S{123}<634>织构组分外,还有较强的CubeND{001}<110>和{102}织构.异步轧制高纯铝箔的再结晶织构由强的立方织构{001}<100>和弱的R{124}<211>织构组成.随着形变量的增加,异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构和再结晶织构呈现规律性的变化,{102}织构减少,S织构先增后减,速比较小时C织构近线性减少,速比较大时C织构则先增后减.异步轧制高纯铝箔的退火样品中有很强的立方织构,这与异步轧制提高高纯铝箔的形变储能有关,形变量过大时,立方织构随形变量的增加急剧减少.{102}织构有利于再结晶立方织构的加强.     

Texture evolution and probability distribution of Goss orientation in magnetostrictive Fe–Ga alloy sheets

Texture evolution and the distribution of Goss orientation in polycrystalline Fe–Ga alloy were investigated as a series of rolling and subsequent annealing processes were used to develop highly textured rolled sheet. A dramatic change from the random nature of the as-rolled and primary recrystallized texture is observed when careful control of atmosphere and temperature during anneal leads to development of a sharp Goss orientation over up to 98 % of the surface of a sample during secondary recrystallization. In this work, grain boundary properties in local areas surrounding Goss grains are investigated and the evolution of Goss orientation is traced through the different stages of alloy processing using electron backscatter diffraction analysis. To evaluate the evolution of grains with Goss orientation, {011} grains are selected and separated from other texture components at each processing step and statistical analysis used to correlate the structural inheritance chain of Goss-oriented grains. The four processing stages considered are the alloy after hot rolling, the as-rolled alloy (i.e., after subsequent warm and cold rolling), the alloy after an initial anneal during which primary recrystallization occurs, and the alloy after final anneals in which secondary recrystallization with abnormal grain growth occurs. Analysis of Goss grain orientation probability distribution functions after primary and secondary recrystallization convincingly demonstrates that the orientation of the abnormally grown Goss texture that develops during secondary recrystallization is determined by the orientation of Goss components that develop during the primary recrystallization stage of alloy processing.     

Nickel base substrate tapes for coated superconductor applications

The development and status of Ni base alloy substrate tapes for coated superconductor applications have been reviewed. Rolling assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates or RABiTS^TM method comprising cold rolling and annealing of Ni gives rise to sharp cube texture ({100} 〈100〉) component which is required for subsequent epitaxial growth of the buffer and YBCO layers. However, pure Ni seems to be rather unsuitable for this purpose since its mechanical strength as well as the stability of the cube texture deteriorate at the deposition temperature of YBCO. Refractory metals, particularly, W and Mo hold the potential to be used as micro-alloying element to impart strength as well as to preserve the cube texture and maintain its stability at high temperatures. Cr and V at higher alloying level are suited for non-magnetic applications. Recent works have suggested the possibility of using substrates with multilayer architecture and this needs to be investigated further.     

Ni、Si元素配比对Cu-Cr-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中添加Ni、Si元素,制备Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr、Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)=4∶1)、Cu-2.8Ni-0.9Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)4∶1)、Cu-2.8Ni-0.56Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)4∶1)共4种合金。研究了Ni、Si元素及其配比对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:Ni、Si元素细化了合金组织,增强了合金高温力学性能。合金时效初期先析出CrSi2化合物,时效后期析出相颗粒主要有CrSi2、Ni2Si、ZrCrSi2,形态为长条形、椭圆形及圆盘状。时效处理后,与Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr合金相比,加入Ni、Si元素后合金硬度从131HV上升到240HV以上;导电率从88%IACS左右降到40%IACS左右。Ni、Si元素配比对导电率的峰值影响有限,在4%IACS~9%IACS;对硬度峰值的影响在20HV~30HV之间。     

Effect of reduction rate and annealing temperature on texture evolution and magnetic properties of used non-oriented silicon steel

This paper discusses the method of improving the magnetic properties of used silicon steel by cold rolling and annealing process with used non-oriented silicon steel as the object. The texture evolution and magnetic domain structure are also investigated. Experimental results show that the magnetic domain can be transformed vastly compared with the used silicon steel when the specimens are prepared through the same cold rolling and annealing conditions. The length of the magnetic wall and the density of magnetic domain per unit area are boosted, and the magnetic domain refinement is exceedingly apparent. Under the same annealing condition (at 950 °C for 5 min), the γ-fiber is gradually decreased to 6.6 % and the {110} recrystallization texture is gradually enhanced with increased reduction from 28.3 % to 40 %. The intensity of the Goss texture reaches a maximum of 22.2. For the cold rolling reduction of 34.3 %, the γ-fiber gradually decrease to 13.8 % and the {110} recrystallization texture is gradually enhanced with increase in the annealing temperature from 800 °C to 950 °C. Moreover, the intensity of Goss texture reaches 14. The sample prepared through 40 % reduction and annealing at 950 °C for 5 min exhibited the most desirable magnetic properties. The magnetic induction B₅₀ value of the specimen is increased by 0.052 T, and the core loss P_1.5/50 is reduced by 0.478 W/kg compared with the initial specimen.     

Effects of initial texture on deformation behavior during cold rolling and static recrystallization during subsequent annealing of AZ31 alloy

This study demonstrates that the initial texture of Mg alloy significantly affects the microstructure developed during cold rolling and the recrystallization behavior during subsequent annealing. In a sample with a texture oriented toward the normal direction(ND sample), thick and large-sized shear bands are intensively formed during cold rolling and the deformation is strongly localized along these bands. In contrast,in a sample with a texture oriented toward the transverse direction(TD sample), many {10-12} twins are formed at the early stage of cold rolling, and then, numerous small-sized shear bands are formed in these twins. Results of nanoindentation tests reveal that the cold-rolled ND sample has internal strain energy that is substantially concentrated along the shear bands, whereas the cold-rolled TD sample has a large amount of internal strain energy that is homogeneously distributed throughout the material;this latter behavior is strongly related to the extensive {10-12} twinning and the resultant microstructural variations in the TD sample. During subsequent annealing, recrystallization occurs locally along the shear bands in the ND sample, which leads to the formation of a bimodal grain structure comprising fine recrystallized grains and coarse unrecrystallized grains. In contrast, during subsequent annealing of the TD sample, static recrystallization occurs homogeneously throughout the material, which results in the formation of a uniform grain structure that mostly comprises equiaxed recrystallized grains.     

Influence of intermediate annealing on final Goss texture formation in low temperature reheated Fe-3%Si steel

The precipitation behavior of inhibitors and their influence on final Goss texture formation in grain-oriented electrical steels produced by compact strip processing technology with a reheating temperature lower than 1200 °C were investigated under two distinct intermediate annealing methods: conventional intermediate recrystallization annealing and a new intermediate decarburizing and recrystallization annealing method without final decarburizing after the second cold rolling. The initiation of secondary recrystallization, the distributions of second phase particles, the final Goss texture, and the grain structure were observed. The new technology could maintain higher inhibitor densities because the deformed matrix could provide higher site densities for inhibitor nucleation before secondary recrystallization, resulting in a relatively higher inhibition effect of the second phase particles. The new technology could also compensate for the disadvantages of fewer inhibitors induced by fewer dissolved Mn and S elements in the matrix during lower reheating temperature for hot rolling. The final sheet produced after the secondary recrystallization annealing obtained stronger Goss texture, larger grain size, and better magnetic properties.