CNT/TiO2复合材料的合成、表征及其光催化性能分析

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为原料,分别以异丙醇钛(TIP)、丙氧基钛(TPP)和四丁氧基钛(TNB)为钛源,苯作为溶刺,制备了CNT/TiO2复合材料.利刖N2吸附等温线,扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD),能量分散性X-射线分析(EDX)以及紫外吸收光谱对所制CNT/TiO2复合材料进行了表征.并在紫外光照射下,通过亚甲蓝(MB,C16H18N3S·Cl·3H2O)水溶液的转,变测试了CNT/TiO2复合材料的光催化性能.研究结果表明:CNT/TiO2复合材料对MB的降解作用不仅有MWCNT的吸附性和TiO2的光催化性,而且还有MWCNT和TiO2之间的电子转移性.     

原位法P3HT-COOH/CdS纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以二水乙酸镉(Cd(OOCCH3)2·2H2O)为镉源,硫粉(S)为硫源,二氯苯(DCB)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为混合溶剂,末端羧基化聚-3-己基噻吩(P3HT-COOH)为模板,原位法合成了P3HT-COOH/CdS纳米复合材料;并利用核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱等分析测试方法对其组成、形貌、光电性能等进行了表征。研究了不同反应温度及S/Cd摩尔比对复合材料形貌及光电性能的影响。实验结果表明,所合成的CdS纳米粒子均匀分布在P3HT-COOH/CdS复合材料中;CdS的尺寸和分布不仅受温度影响,还很大程度上受S/Cd摩尔比的影响;P3HT-COOH/CdS纳米复合材料有较强的荧光淬灭,表明CdS与P3HT-COOH之间有电荷转移。     

功能化CdS纳米晶的合成及CdS/聚苯乙烯纳米杂化材料的研究

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,采用巯基乙醇为有机配体,在H2O/DMF的溶剂中,制得分散均匀且表面富含羟基基团CdS纳米晶溶液.我们使用γ-甲基丙烯氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)来修饰CdS纳米晶的表面,得到双键官能团化的CdS纳米晶.通过原位自由基聚合方法,成功地得到了聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶复合材料.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-vis)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、荧光光谱 (PL) 考察了CdS纳米晶及CdS/聚苯乙烯复合材料的结构和光学性能的关系规律.结果表明巯基乙醇表现出良好的光学性能,其配体不是简单的物理吸附于纳米晶表面,而是以化学键的形式和纳米晶表面镉原子相结合.相比于纯的聚苯乙烯材料,聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶材料表现出良好的光学和热学性能.     

碳纳米管负载纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及组织结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,以碳纳米管为载体,在碳纳米管表面上负载纳米TiO2粉体,制备出CNT-TiO2复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段研究了复合材料颗粒的组织结构及包覆情况,通过UV-vis漫反射谱分析比较了纯TiO2、纯CNTs和CNT-TiO2的吸光性能.结果表明,纳米TiO2均匀的包覆在CNTs表面上,且包覆均匀致密.CNT-TiO2复合材料经450℃热处理后,纳米TiO2颗粒以鋭钛矿相存在,其平均粒径约为7.3nm.CNTs-TiO2复合材料兼具载体碳纳米管和外层纳米TiO2对光的吸收性能,在紫外光区域和可见光区域对光都有非常好的吸收性能.     

微晶纤维素/CdS纳米复合材料的原位复合反应

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为模板,采用原位复合法制备MCC/CdS纳米复合材料。研究了超声波预处理以及镉离子、硫离子物质的量比对复合效果的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM),X射线衍射,荧光光谱(PL)以及激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)对复合材料的结构及性能进行表征。研究表明,超声波预处理后的纤维素对镉离子吸附能力更强,粒径为30 nm~100nm的CdS粒子均匀分布于纤维素表面,所得CdS为立方型晶体,复合材料体现出一定强度的光致发光性,较佳Cd2+∶S2-(物质的量比)为3∶1。     

Fe3O4纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管的制备及其磁学性能（英文）

通过FeCl2.4H2O和FeCl3.6H2O混合共沉淀,合成平均粒径为6 nm和10 nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子。然后将两种Fe3O4纳米粒子分别与经HNO3氧化处理的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)置于乙醇水溶液(水和乙醇的体积比为1∶1)中,在超声波作用下制备Fe3O4/MWCNT复合材料。用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱、振动样品磁强计、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪对所制备的Fe3O4/MWCNT复合材料进行表征。结果表明:由6 nm和10 nm Fe3O4纳米粒子所制备的Fe3O4/MWCNT复合材料中,Fe3O4的质量分数分别为26.65%和29.3%,相应的磁饱和强度分别为16.5 emug-1和7.5 emug-1。     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS荧光量子点的制备与荧光性能研究

以氧化镉为镉源、硫单质为硫源、油酸为配体、在十八烯体系中合成单分散的CdS纳米颗粒,研究了配体浓度对纳米微粒的生长动力学、颗粒尺寸分布的影响.采用乙基黄原酸锌作为Zn、S源的反应前体,采用逐滴滴加的方法制备了具有核壳结构的CdS/ZnS量子点,吸收光谱和荧光光谱表明CdS/ZnS纳米粒子比单一的CdS纳米粒子具有更优异的发光特性.透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、选区电子衍射证明ZnS在CdS表面进行了有效包覆.所制备核壳结构纳米粒子具有较好的尺寸分布,荧光发射峰半高峰宽为18～20nm,荧光量子产率达40%.     

炭表面改性对负载型TiO_2/活性炭复合光催化剂性能的影响

采用HNO3、H2O2和O3对商品活性炭进行表面改性处理,考察了改性处理对活性炭表面基团、负载TiO2以及所形成的TiO2/活性炭复合光催化剂性能的影响。利用傅里叶红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)及氮气吸附等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明,3种改性方法均可有效提高活性炭载体表面的含氧官能团数量,但是对活性炭的比表面积和孔容影响不大;H2O2和O3对活性炭载体改性后可以提高对钛前驱体的吸附性能,HNO3改性有利于TiO2颗粒在活性炭表面的分散。使用改性后的活性炭作为载体制备的TiO2/活性炭光催化降解甲基橙的性能均高于未改性的TiO2/活性炭催化剂,其中以HNO3改性后的TiO2/活性炭活性最高。     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS@rGA的制备及光催化性能研究

为研究纳米CdS/ZnS@rGA复合材料在可见光下的光催化性能,采用一步溶剂热法合成了以ZnS为壳的CdS/ZnS核壳纳米粒子,将CdS/ZnS核壳纳米粒子附着在rGO纳米片上,并组装成CdS/ZnS@rGA复合气凝胶,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对样品进行了表征,通过亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解实验表明：CdS/ZnS@rGA复合气凝胶的形成不仅可以提高CdS的光稳定性,还可以增强对MB吸附能力,同时对MB的降解有明显的促进作用。可见光反应90 min, 50 mg的CdS/ZnS@rGA对100 mL 20 mg/L MB的去除率最高达到99%。经过5次循环实验,该材料仍具有较好的可重复利用性。     

锐钛矿SO42-/TiO2纳米光催化剂的制备及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了锐钛矿型SO42-/TiO2纳米光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测量和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征。以对苯二甲酸作为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术研究了光催化剂表面羟基自由基的生成;在紫外和可见光的照射下,以甲基橙为光催化反应的模型化合物,研究了锐钛矿型SO42-/TiO2纳米光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明:SO42-负载使锐钛矿TiO2的比表面积增加,吸附量增加,光催化活性提高;SO42-/TiO2纳米光催化剂的羟基自由基的生成速率越大,催化剂的催化活性越高;浸渍液H2SO4的浓度对SO42-/TiO2纳米光催化剂的吸附量、羟基自由基的生成速率和催化活性有一定的影响,H2SO4的最佳浓度为0.2mol/L。     

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of CdS nanoparticles dotted on the surface of carbon nanotubes

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles dotted on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized by the polyol method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis. The results indicate that CdS nanoparticles with diameter of 5-8?nm are thickly and uniformly coated on the surface of the MWCNTs. The photodegradation of azo dye using these materials was evaluated by the degradation of Brilliant Red X-3B under visible light. The coated nanotubes show higher photocatalytic activity than both CdS alone and a CdS/activated carbon sample; in addition, there is an optimum content of MWCNTs. The presence of MWCNTs can also hamper the photocorrosion of CdS. The mechanism for the enhancement of MWCNTs on the adsorption and photocatalytic property of CdS is investigated for the first time.     

A composite photocatalyst of cdS nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 nanosheets

A nanocomposite photocatalyst consisting of deposited CdS nanoparticles on TiO2 nanosheets was fabricated by a simple one-pot method. The contact between two phases was maximized by making a composite structure of TiO2 nanosheet decorated with CdS nanoparticles. The composite photocatalyst showed higher photoactivity for hydrogen production from aqueous Na2S/Na2SO3 solution and decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (lamda > or =420 nm) compared with single component CdS nanoparticles or a physical mixture of CdS nanoparticles and TiO2 nanorods. The intentional formation of nanoscale heterojunctions between two phases appears beneficial for inducing an efficient electron-hole separation.     

Enhanced electron transfer rate for quantum dot sensitized solar cell based on CNT-TiO2 film

In this paper, we have fabricated a quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) doped TiO2 mesopores film. As revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and absorption spectra, the CdSe QDs were adsorbed onto CNT-TiO2 nanocomposite. An improved efficiency is achieved for the CNT-TiO2/CdSe devices compared to that of TiO2/CdSe, which is due to the increased surface area and reduced charge recombination in TiO2 film by the presence of CNTs. A power conversion efficiency of the as-prepared QDSSC of 0.98% was obtained under 100 mW/cm2 solar irradiation. The emission decay profile demonstrates that the electrons transfer from CdSe QDs to CNT-TiO2 is faster than that from CdSe QDs to TiO2, resulting in the reduction of the charge recombination, leading to a higher FF value in QDSSC. The average lifetime of CdSe QDs adsorbed on TiO2 doped with CNT is 6.2 ns and the electron transfer rate constant of 1.1 x 10(8) s(-1) can be calculated.     

CdS and CdTeS quantum dot decorated TiO2 nanowires. Synthesis and photoefficiency

An easy process was developed to synthesize TiO(2) nanowires sensitized with CdS and CdTeS quantum dots (QDs) requiring no pretreatment of the TiO(2) nanowires prior to nanoparticle generation. CdS and CdTeS nanoparticles were firstly grown by an in situ colloidal method directly onto the TiO(2) surface, hence not requiring subsequent functionalization of the QDs. The resulting nanostructure assembly and composition was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Successful decoration of the TiO(2) nanowires by the QDs was observed by TEM, while XPS spectra provided clear evidence for the coexistence of CdS and CdTeS QDs and TiO(2) nanowires. The electronic structure of the TiO(2) nanowires was preserved as indicated by Raman spectroscopy. Preliminary photocurrent measurements showed that inclusion of Te in CdS QDs improved the photocurrent efficiency. Compared to bare TiO(2) nanowires, CdS/TiO(2) nanoassemblies showed an enhancement in photocurrent efficiency of 300% while CdTeS/TiO(2) presented an improvement of 350%. This study indicates that the generation of strongly anchored CdS and CdTeS QDs on a TiO(2) nanowire surface is achievable without introduction of a linker molecule, whose presence is known to decrease the electron injection efficiency.     

Pt/TiO2-NTs复合材料的制备及其甲醇电氧化机理研究

采用水热法合成锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管(TiO2-NTs),并以其为载体制备了Pt/TiO2-NTs复合材料。用TEM、XRD对复合材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,TEM测试表明Pt纳米粒子以簇状形式均匀地分散在TiO2纳米管表面。运用循环伏安法研究了Pt/TiO2-NTs复合材料在不同条件下对硫酸中甲醇的电催化活性,并讨论了甲醇的电氧化机理。结果表明,Pt/TiO2-NTs复合材料具有出色的电催化活性。因此,TiO2-NTs被认为是非常有潜力的燃料电池贵金属催化剂载体材料。     

TiO2 nanotubes/MWCNTs nanocomposite photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under UV-vis light illumination

Nanocomposite of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2NTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and firstly used in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The obtained TiO2 NTs/MWCNTs composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrum and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the MWCNTs were decorated with well dispersed anatase TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of 8-15 nm. A slight blue shift and weak symmetry was observed for the strongest Raman peak which resulted from strain gradients originating from interface integration between TiO2 nanotubes and MWCNTs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by hydrogen evolution from water splitting using Na2S and Na2SO3 as sacrificial reagents under UV-vis light irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with P25 has been observed for the resulted samples. The nanocomposite with optimized MWCNTs content of 1% displayed a hydrogen production rate of 161 micromol x h(-1) x g(-1). Good photocatalytic stability of the as-synthesized samples was observed as well.     

Photocurrent generation in a CdS nanocrystals/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-exyloxy)phenylene vinylene] electrochemical cell

In this paper the photoelectrochemical processes occurring in composites formed of organic-capped CdS nanocrystals and low molecular weight poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-exyloxy)phenylene vinylene] conjugated polymer were investigated. High quality colloidal CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by means of thermal decomposition of suitable precursors in non coordinating solvents, using oleic acid as surface capping agent.

The absorption and emission properties of the prepared heterojunctions were studied both in solutions and in composite films.

The dispersed hybrids were also investigated as photoactive materials, focusing on the photoinduced charge transfer and recombination processes at the interface between the two components. The composites have shown a fundamental role in photoelectrochemical applications due to the presence of a great number of interfaces able to enhance the charge transfer between mixture components.

Blend solutions prepared with octylamine capped CdS nanocrystals showed an improvement of the photoconductivity with respect to hybrids containing longer oleate surfactants.     

高性能CeO2/片状CdS复合光电极材料的制备及在光阴极保护中应用

通过逐步合成法制备了具有储存电子和物理阻隔功能的CeO₂/CdS纳米复合材料, 并用于光电阴极保护。通过XRD, TEM, UV-Vis和PL等手段对制备的纳米复合材料进行表征。在模拟白光照射下研究不同质量比的CeO₂/CdS复合材料的光电化学性质。在黑暗条件下, 涂有CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)的304不锈钢涂层的电位比 CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)粒子涂层更正。在白光照射下, CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)复合材料的最大光电流密度为 700 μA·cm ^-2, 涂有CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)的304不锈钢涂层的电位为-650 mV(vs. SCE), 明显低于304不锈钢腐蚀电位(-200 mV vs. SCE), 表明片状CdS具有物理阻隔性能及CeO₂/CdS复合材料具有显著的光电化学性能。这主要是由于CeO₂纳米颗粒和CdS纳米片之间形成了异质结, 促进了光致电子和空穴的有效分离, 从而提高了光电转换效率。此外, 由于CeO₂具有储存电子的功能, 在黑暗条件下可以继续释放电子, 能够提供12 h的阴极保护性能。     

Preparation of photosensitized nanocrystalline TiO(2) hydrosol by nanosized CdS at low temperature

A new method was developed for the fabrication of CdS-TiO(2) semiconductor nanoparticles as visible-light-excitable photocatalyst at low temperatures. Nanosized CdS acting as an effective and stable sensitizer was incorporated into TiO(2) by microemulsion-mediated solvothermal hydrolyzation followed by acidic peptization of the precipitate under 70?°C. The new method avoided the calcination or other pyrochemical treatments involved in traditional preparations, and thus eliminated the unwanted agglomeration of nanoparticles or the oxidation of CdS by oxygen. Compared to traditional methods, it was highly simplified, bypassing those miscellaneous steps like filtration, sintering, milling and redispersion in solutions. The crystal structure, configuration, element composition, as well as the light-absorption properties of the obtained CdS-TiO(2) hydrosol were characterized in detail. The hydrosol consisting of uniform and small crystalline particles of about 2?nm in diameter was thermodynamically stable and showed good dispersibility. The photocatalytic activity of the 'coupled' material was confirmed through the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation, and the cooperative photocatalytic mechanism is discussed.