水热辅助表面接枝印迹法制备Cd(Ⅱ)离子印迹硅胶及其性能研究

采用水热辅助表面接枝印迹技术,以Cd(Ⅱ)离子作为模板,巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为功能分子,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,在硅胶表面制备出高容量的Cd(Ⅱ)离子印迹硅胶材料,利用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、热重分析仪等进行了表征,采用平衡吸附法研究了印迹硅胶材料的吸附性能和选择识别能力。结果表明,印迹硅胶材料和非印迹硅胶材料的最大吸附量分别为42.5和22.1mg/g;印迹硅胶材料对Cd(Ⅱ)离子具有较强的选择识别能力,对Cd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附行为更符合Langmuir模型,20min即可达到吸附平衡,符合准二级动力学方程,pH值在4～8范围内,保持了较好的吸附容量;重复使用时性能较好。     

中空型分子印迹聚合物的制备及其对4-甲基二苯并噻吩的吸附性能研究

以SiO2为载体,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,结合牺牲载体法合成了一种具有特异性识别4-甲基二苯并噻吩的中空型分子印迹聚合物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、氮气吸附实验、扫描电镜对形态结构进行了表征。通过在模拟油中的静态吸附试验,对印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,在SiO2表面成功地合成了具有多孔结构的分子印迹层,经过牺牲载体法处理后得到的中空分子印迹聚合物具有更好的表面特性,提高了吸附性能。中空型分子印迹聚合物对4-甲基二苯并噻吩表现出良好的特异性识别性能,吸附动力学满足Langergren准二级动力学方程,等温线符合Freundlich等温线模型,吸附热力学研究表明吸附是自发的吸热过程,在328K下的吸附容量为18.31498mg/g,吸附平衡时间为3h。     

铜离子印迹磁性复合吸附剂的性能研究

为了提高吸附剂对特定重金属离子的吸附容量,采用离子印迹技术合成了一种具有磁性的铜离子印迹复合吸附剂(Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB).通过SEM、能谱、XRD、FTIR、振动样品磁强计(VSM)表征方法对Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB及其合成原料进行表征,对Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB吸附选择性和其他物理性质进行了研究.结果表明,Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB对印迹的Cu(Ⅱ)具有高的选择吸附性能,与非印迹磁性复合吸附剂(NIMB)、壳聚糖交联菌丝体吸附剂(CMB)和菌丝体吸附剂(MB)相比吸附容量可分别提高24%,33%和54%.Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB重复使用5次后,吸附容量比原来降低14%.该新型吸附剂具有良好的机械强度和重复使用性,具有磁性能够迅速从吸附后的溶液中分离出来,成本低廉能够大量生产.     

邻苯二甲酸酯核-壳结构型分子印迹微球的制备及分子识别性能

以交联的壳聚糖微球为载体,4-氨基邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为模板分子,以α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)具有特异性识别和吸附功能的新型分子印迹聚合物。通过红外光谱、核磁共振、扫描电镜表征其分子结构,利用紫外光谱测定该分子印迹微球对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的选择识别性能,并构建了理论识别模型方程。结果表明,成功合成了PAEs新型核-壳结构型分子印迹微球,其对DBP表现出优异的选择吸附性能,印迹因子α=3.17,选择因子β=2.17。构建的理论方程定量解析出该分子印迹聚合物微球识别模板分子符合Scatchard模型与Langmuir模型,并显示出优异的动态吸附特性。有关结果为PAEs污染物的去除与分离提供了有益参考。     

铜离子印迹磁性复合吸附剂的制备

为了有效地提高废水中吸附剂对铜离子的吸附性能,降低重金属离子对水体的污染,以Cu(Ⅱ)为印迹离子,壳聚糖为印迹母体材料,青霉属菌丝体为核心,纳米Fe3O4为磁组分,制备了铜离子印迹磁性复合吸附剂(Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB).研究了复合吸附剂的制备方法及制备条件与Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能的关系,并通过响应面分析法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)优化确定了复合吸附剂制备的最佳工艺条件.实验表明,以硫酸铜中Cu(Ⅱ)为印迹模板,2g菌丝体/0.2gCS,交联剂环氧氯丙烷加入2.99g,Fe3O4加入0.505g,印迹铜离子质量为25.245mg时,所制备Cu(Ⅱ)-IMB对铜离子去除率达82.85%(质量分数),吸附容量33.8mg/g,可重复使用5次以上.用铜离子印迹磁性复合吸附剂物理吸附方法去除水体中重金属离子成本低廉,磁性回收方便,选择吸附性能好、无污染,在废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

三聚氰胺分子印迹凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

为了研究分子印迹凝胶的吸附特性,以三聚氰胺为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,甲醇为溶剂,60℃热聚合制备了三聚氰胺分子印迹凝胶.利用红外光谱对凝胶的结构进行表征,研究了分子印迹凝胶对三聚氰胺的吸附性能.研究表明,分子印迹凝胶在3 h可达到吸附平衡,饱和吸附量为15.10 mg/g.吸附动力学的实验结果符合准二级动力学方程,其相关系数达到0.991 34.以Langmuir和Freundlich两种吸附等温模型拟合实验结果:Freundlich模型拟合效果更好.通过研究交联剂用量对分子印迹凝胶吸附性能的影响,得到最佳配比为n(MMA)∶n(EGDMA)=30∶1.     

改性介孔无机凝胶的制备及其在溶液中的吸附机理

未改性的介孔无机凝胶虽然具有较大的孔径,原则上可以吸附较大的分子或离子,但由于吸附剂的表面性质简单,与吸附质之间的作用力弱,因而吸附容量低,选择性不理想.采用表面修饰或杂化的方法在介孔凝胶中引入各种官能团或改变介孔凝胶的表面电荷之后,吸附剂的表面性质得到了很大的改善,吸附剂可以靠静电作用、离子交换、疏水作用、氢键、络合作用、基于分子阀门的开关效应和基于分子印迹的分子识别等机制对吸附质进行选择吸附.     

镉离子印迹聚合物的制备及性能

采用分子印迹技术制备了以镉离子为模板,羧甲基壳聚糖为功能单体的镉离子印迹聚合物。利用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)以及热重分析(TG)等进行了表征。镉印迹吸附剂的衍射峰较羧甲基壳聚糖减弱变宽。键合上硅胶的印迹吸附剂的热稳定性比羧甲基壳聚糖好。研究了其对重金属镉离子的吸附行为,吸附数据符合准二级动力学模型。吸附过程可以很好地用Langmuir方程来描述。对实际水样中镉离子的回收率在98.0%～104.0%之间。     

镉离子印迹硅胶的制备与吸附性能

采用表面印迹技术和溶胶-凝胶法,以Cd(Ⅱ)离子作为印迹离子,硫氰基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为功能分子,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,在硅胶表面制备Cd(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物(IIP-TCPTS/SiO2),并利用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物吸附性能和选择识别能力。结果表明,最大吸附量为16.7 mg/g;20 min即可达到吸附平衡;当pH值在5.4~7.8范围内,印迹聚合物保持了较好的吸附容量;印迹聚合物对Cd(Ⅱ)离子具有较强的选择性识别能力;重复使用时性能稳定。     

修饰环糊精去除水溶液中金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)及Cr(Ⅲ)的研究

研究均苯四甲酸酐修饰β——环糊精微球去除水中重金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)及Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附性能。讨论吸附时间,金属离子浓度对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,当环糊精微球表面被酸酐修饰从而引入大量的羧酸根后,吸附剂对金属离子的吸附性能大大的提高。金属离子吸附动力学拟合结果显示,两种金属在修饰微球上的吸附皆符合准二级动力学方程。用Langmuir及Freundlich方程对吸附等温线进行拟合,前者拟合效果较好(R20.99),表明金属离子是以单分子形式吸附。     

Modification and application of mesoporous carbon adsorbent for removal of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in aqueous solutions

Bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor in aquatic environment. The removal of BPA by adsorption is a simple and effective way. Mesoporous carbon (MC) and N-modified mesoporous carbon (NMC) were synthesized by the soft template method and used for BPA adsorption. The adsorption performance of MC and NMC was investigated by the batch and dynamic system, and compared with commercial activated carbon (AC). Additionally, the kinetics and isotherms of BPA adsorption on MC and NMC were also investigated. The specific surface areas and average pore sizes of MC and NMC were 687.8 and 579.6 m²/g, 4.06 and 4 nm, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of MC and NMC was positively correlated with the initial BPA concentration, and negatively correlated with adsorbent dosages. The pH value of 3–8 was conducive to the adsorption of BPA on MC and NMC. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model provided well fit for BPA adsorption on MC and NMC. Compared with AC, MC and NMC exhibited a higher adsorption capability and more stable recycling performance. In the dynamic adsorption tests, with the increase in BPA concentration and flow rate in the influent, the breakthrough time and saturation time are shortened. However, the increase in adsorption layer height extended the breakthrough time and saturation time.     

分子印迹掺氮二氧化钛的选择性光催化行为及其动力学研究

为了探究分子印迹光催化剂的选择性降解行为,采用水热法,以钛酸丁酯为钛源、尿素为氮源、罗丹明B为模板分子,制备了分子印迹掺氮TiO₂。FT-IR、XRD、低温N_2吸附-脱附技术、UV-Vis DRS等表征结果显示,样品均为锐钛矿相;分子印迹一定程度地改善了光催化剂的孔隙结构,增大了孔容体积和比表面积,并且增强了可见光区的光吸收强度。可见光下催化剂对三苯甲烷类污染物罗丹明B、罗丹明6G和结晶紫的光降解表观速率常数(k_ap)分别提高1.97、1.21和1.26倍,说明分子印迹不仅提高了光催化剂的可见光活性,而且对目标污染物表现出良好的选择性。结合等温吸附实验,以Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学积分模型探究吸附平衡常数(K_a)和降解反应速率常数(k_r)对k_ap的贡献,发现罗丹明6G只与降解反应能力的提高有关,结晶紫同时归功于吸附和降解反应能力,罗丹明B则源于更为突出的吸附能力,该结果是由于模板分子印迹产生的特异识别位点所致。     

金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127对双酚A的吸附性能

采用一步溶剂热法制备具有介孔结构金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127，用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FTIR)、全自动比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET)等手段表征其形貌和结构，探究其对双酚A(BPA)的吸附性能并与微孔结构的MIL-53(Al)对比，研究了吸附剂的含量、pH以及温度对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明，介孔结构金属有机框架材料MIL-53(Al)-F127对双酚A具有良好的吸附性能；在pH值为6、温度为30℃条件下MIL-53(Al)-F127在20 min左右达到最大平衡吸附量为27.2 mg/g，去除率达到92%。其吸附动力学模型拟合结果，符合准二级动力学曲线。     

交联壳聚糖吸附剂对多肽的吸附性能

为了研究血液灌流用多肽吸附剂以治疗尿毒症,本文以戊二醛为交联剂,用反向悬浮聚合方法制备了交联壳聚糖吸附剂,继而用NaBH4还原处理,并对其还原效果和溶胀性能作了表征.吸附实验结果表明,吸附剂对选取的六种多肽均有不同程度的吸附;随着多肽链的增长,吸附剂对其的吸附能力体现出先增强后减小的趋势;对分子量为1 100的垂体后叶素吸附效果最好.同时,吸附动力学曲线表明,随着肽分子量的增大,达到吸附平衡的时间也延长,对六种肽的吸附分别在0.6～2 h内达到平衡.     

具有纳米孔结构硅质吸附剂的制备及对染料木素的选择性吸附

为了将染料木素从其粗溶液中精确分离出来,制备了一种纳米结构硅质吸附剂．它根据分子识别技术,以染料木素为模板剂,氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,正硅酸乙酯为偶联剂,其中功能单体可以与染料木素的酚羟基发生反应．吸附剂经过BET法、红外分析（FT-IR）和透射电镜（TEM）表征,以及静态吸附实验、选择性实验和洗脱实验．结果表明,此吸附剂有高的比表面积,对染料木素有专一的选择性,能在极性溶剂中识别模板分子;有大量的与模板分子相匹配的纳米孔分布在吸附剂表面,并且有新的化学键形成．由此可以看出,通过模板分子与功能单体强烈的电荷和氢键作用,吸附剂能够专一键合染料木素,而纳米孔则大大提高了吸附能力．     

Adsorption character for removal Cu(II) by magnetic Cu(II) ion imprinted composite adsorbent

A novel magnetic Cu(II) ion imprinted composite adsorbent (Cu(II)-MICA) was synthesized, characterized and applied for the selective removal Cu(II) from aqueous solution in the batch system. The adsorption-desorption and selectivity characteristics were investigated. The maximum adsorption occurred at pH 5-6. The equilibrium time was 6.0h, and a pseudo-second-order model could best describe adsorption kinetics. The adsorption equilibrium data fit Langmuir isotherm equation well with a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.25mg/g and Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 0.0956L/mg at 298K. Thermodynamic parameters analysis predicted an exothermic nature of adsorption and a spontaneous and favourable process that could be mainly governed by physisorption mechanism. The relative selectivity coefficients of Cu(II)-MICA for Cu(II)/Zn(II) and Cu(II)/Ni(II) were 2.31, 2.66 times greater than the magnetic non-imprinted composite adsorbent (MNICA). Results suggested that Cu(II)-MICA was a material of efficient, low-cost, convenient separation under magnetic field and could be reused five times with about 14% regeneration loss.     

Studies on the removal of arsenic (III) from water by a novel hybrid material

The present work provides a method for removal of the arsenic (III) from water. An ion-exchanger hybrid material zirconium (IV) oxide-ethanolamine (ZrO-EA) is synthesized and characterized which is subsequently used for the removal of selective arsenic (III) from water containing 10,50,100 mg/L of arsenic (III) solution. The probable practical application for arsenic removal from water by this material has also been studied. The various parameters affecting the removal process like initial concentration of As (III), adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, ionic strength, and pH are investigated. From the data of results, it is indicated that, the adsorbent dose of 0.7 mg/L, contact time 50 min after which the adsorption process comes to equilibrium, temperature (25 ± 2), solution pH (5-7), which are the optimum conditions for adsorption. The typical adsorption isotherms are calculated to know the suitability of the process. The column studies showed 98% recovery of arsenic from water especially at low concentration of arsenic in water samples.     

壳聚糖金属离子配合物蛋白质印迹聚合物的制备与表征

利用壳聚糖与金属离子形成的配合物为功能单体,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,在模板分子牛血清白蛋白的存在下,采用简单方便的滴加成球法制备出牛血清白蛋白印迹聚合物。通过环境扫描电镜对其形貌结构进行了表征,并用蛋白质吸附实验对其印迹效果进行了评价。测试结果表明,用该方法制备的印迹聚合物对牛血清白蛋白具有较好的选择性,对模板蛋白质的吸附量是非印迹聚合物的21.9倍,显示出较明显的选择性吸附分离效果。     

Removal of Cu(II) ions by activated poplar sawdust (Samsun clone) from aqueous solutions

In this work, adsorption of Cu(II) ions on sawdust (SD) and activated sawdust (ASD) has been studied by using batch adsorption techniques. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the pH, initial Cu(II) concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium nature of Cu(II) adsorption has been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model both sawdust and activated sawdust. The equilibrium capacity of sawdust and activated sawdust were 5.432 and 13.495 mg copper per g adsorbent, respectively at room temperature and natural pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the maximum zeta potential value that -74.5 mV (pH 5) for activated sawdust and at -48.4 mV (pH 4) for sawdust. It was observed that activated sawdust was a suitable adsorbent than sawdust for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.