抗菌活动性包装膜研究进展

活性包装的活性含义是包装料具备抗菌、除氧、去湿、除乙稀,风味释放和吸收等功能.抗菌包装膜是活性包装材料的一种,它主要是以天然大分子物质为载体,添加一定的抗菌剂而制成的薄膜.与普通包装相比,抗菌包装在对确保食品安全以及延长食品货架期的作用更为突出.为促进我国抗菌活性包装的快速发展,本文对近年来国内外抗菌活性包装的研究进展加以综述.     

抗菌活性包装膜及其控释技术的研究进展

目的为控释型抗菌活性包装膜在食品工业中的应用与开发研究提供基础。方法综述抗菌活性包装膜及其结合控释技术的国内外研究进展,同时总结抗菌活性包装膜在果蔬类、动物源类食品中的应用,并对控释型抗菌活性包装膜未来的发展趋势进行展望。结果抗菌活性膜与控释技术相结合的研究还处于起步阶段,其抗菌剂的选择、安全性、物理性质、释放规律等问题还需深入研究。结论国内外抗菌薄膜的实验室研究阶段基本成熟,但是在结合控释技术的应用方面还有待进一步推广,因此,开发安全、高效的控释型抗菌活性包装膜和推广食品包装应用是食品包装技术的研究方向。     

纳米ZnO复合食品抗菌包装膜研究进展

目的介绍纳米氧化锌在食品抗菌包装膜中的研究现状。方法总结纳米氧化锌在包装膜材中的应用,并指出当前研究的不足和未来研究趋势。结论纳米Zn O的粒径、形貌、分散性、活化程度、添加量等对其在不同包装基材系统中的抗菌效果有很大的影响。纳米Zn O在不同包装基材中的迁移研究还不完善,需要进一步研究其迁移机理,预测其迁移模型。单一添加纳米Zn O的研究较多,纳米Zn O与具有其他功能物质复合使用的研究较少,而复合使用是未来纳米Zn O复合抗菌包装研究领域的重点。     

释放型食品抗氧化活性包装膜研究进展

目的为释放型食品抗氧化活性包装膜开发及其在食品工业中的应用研究提供基础。方法综述了释放型食品抗氧化活性包装膜的主要类型及其应用效果,以及释放速率控制的国内外研究进展,并对值得深入研究的问题进行了分析,对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。结果释放型食品抗氧化活性包装膜研究尚处于起步阶段,还未建立系统的研究体系,其实效性、安全性、抗氧化作用机理、激发机制、释放规律及相应理论模型构建等问题还未进行系统深入研究。结论开发高效、安全、稳定、可控的控释抗氧化包装膜,并与气调、辐照等其他保鲜包装技术相结合,是食品活性包装技术的发展方向。     

纺织品抗菌整理剂研究进展

综述了纺织品抗菌整理剂的分类以及纳米银、二氧化钛、季铵盐化合物、聚六亚甲基双胍、三氯新、卤胺化合物及壳聚糖等抗菌剂的作用机理及其优缺点,并阐述了纺织品抗菌剂的理想特征和未来发展趋势。     

银型抗菌活性碳纤维的结构及其抗菌性能的研究

利用活性碳纤维的高效吸附性能,通过浸渍法把银、银盐等金属或金属化合物吸附沉积在活性碳纤维上,并对其进行适当处理,制备出含细小银化合物或金属银颗粒的活性碳纤维。利用扫描电镜,X－射线衍射,ICP发射光谱等分析测定方法研究了银型抗菌活性碳纤维的结构。研究了这类银型抗菌活性碳纤维对大肠埃氏杆菌（Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococlus aureus)的杀灭效果。结果表明,这类银型抗菌活性碳纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很强的杀灭能力,经其处理后,水中的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄菌被完全杀灭。对每次使用后被洗脱的银含量测定表明,水中所含银浓度低于饮水标准的要求。     

银型抗菌活性碳纤维的结构及其抗菌性能的研究

利用活性碳纤维的高效吸附性能 ,通过浸渍法把银、银盐等金属或金属化合物吸附沉积在活性碳纤维上 ,并对其进行适当处理 ,制备出含细小银化合物或金属银颗粒的活性碳纤维。利用扫描电镜 ,X 射线衍射 ,ICP发射光谱等分析测定方法研究了银型抗菌活性碳纤维的结构。研究了这类银型抗菌活性碳纤维对大肠埃氏杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)和金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococlusaureus)的杀灭效果。结果表明 ,这类银型抗菌活性碳纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很强的杀灭能力 ,经其处理后 ,水中的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄菌被完全杀灭。对每次使用后被洗脱的银含量测定表明 ,水中所含银浓度低于饮水标准的要求     

食品抗菌包装材料的研究进展

介绍了食品抗菌包装体系及其抗菌机理,食品包装用抗菌剂及其实现方式,以及抗菌纸、抗菌塑料、抗菌陶瓷、抗菌不锈钢产品等食品抗菌包装材料的研究进展及其在食品包装中的应用。     

抗菌包装研究进展

总结了引起食品变质的原因,介绍了抗菌包装中所用抗菌剂,如无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂、纳米抗菌剂和气体抗菌剂,简要描述了抗菌剂在食品包装中的应用进展。     

抗菌食品包装研究进展

综述了抗菌高分子食品包装的原理、检测方法、相关法规以及未来的发展方向,并对各种抗菌技术作了详细的论述。指出开发新型生物活性抗菌剂,通过物理、化学方法改性高分子使之具有杀菌能力,尤其是纳米抗菌技术的应用,将是抗菌包装最具前景的发展方向。     

食品包装用抗菌膜研究进展

目的 通过对国内外食品包装用抗菌膜研究现状进行分析,并针对抗菌膜目前存在的问题总结出今后发展趋势,为促进食品包装用抗菌膜的研发提供指导。方法 介绍抗菌剂的抑菌作用机制及其在食品包装膜中的应用现状;总结国内外食品包装用抗菌膜最新研究成果,并分析国内外研究成果之间存在的差距。结论 食品包装用抗菌膜的研究取得了一定成果,还需在抑菌效果及作用方式、食品安全风险评估、产业化应用等方面进行深入研究。随着抗菌膜在食品安全、抗菌能力、产业化工艺等方面存在的问题被解决,食品包装用抗菌膜将在食品包装领域发挥重要作用。     

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Alginate and Alginate/Chitosan Films Containing Potassium Sorbate and Natamycin

The antimicrobial potential of alginate films (AFs) and alginate/chitosan composite films with two different mass proportions of the biopolymers, 82.5:17.5 (CF1) and 65:35 (CF2), containing potassium sorbate (KS) or natamycin was evaluated. At the practical limit of KS addition (0.17 g KS per gram of alginate) for pure AFs, no inhibition zones were observed against Debaromyces hansenii, Penicillium commune and Penicillium roqueforti by the agar diffusion test. Above this concentration, films became opaque, brittle and showed a whitish precipitate over their surface, making them not suitable for use. However, alginate and alginate/chitosan composite films containing natamycin were able to inhibit the growth of the three microorganisms listed above. Natamycin was effective at concentrations as low as 0.005 g per gram of biopolymer for AF and 0.01 g per gram of biopolymer for both composite films, alginate/chitosan 65:35 (CF1) and alginate/chitosan 82.5:17.5 (CF2) against all microorganisms tested. The inhibitory zone diameter increased as concentration of natamycin increased. Active films containing 0.04 g natamycin per gram of biopolymer obtained in the present study exhibited suitable functional attributes and showed excellent perspectives as active antimicrobial films intended for food protection applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于植物精油的抗菌活性包装在食品保鲜中的研究进展

目的 通过总结现有植物精油抗菌活性包装最新研究成果,为促进食品活性包装的进一步研究和应用提供指导。方法 介绍对食源性致病菌具有抑制作用的代表性植物精油及其主要化学成分;从破坏/影响细胞膜的结构及功能、遗传物质的复制、酶的活性和代谢功能等方面归纳总结植物精油对食源性致病菌的抑菌作用机制;分析总结植物精油活性包装材料的主要制备工艺;并介绍植物精油活性包装材料在食品保鲜中的最新应用成果;针对目前植物精油活性包装领域存在的问题提出解决方案。结论 部分具有抑菌作用的植物精油可作为化学合成防腐保鲜剂的有效替代品,随着精油在活性包装应用过程中存在的易挥发、有气味及食品安全风险等问题不断解决,植物精油活性包装将在食品保鲜领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Starch‐Based Films Containing Naturally Derived Antimicrobial Agents

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) films containing relatively low [0.75 ± 0.08% (w/w)], intermediate [1.08 ± 0.04% (w/w)] and high [3.20 ± 0.29% (w/w)] levels of the antimicrobial (AM) agents carvacrol, linalool and thymol were prepared, and their physico‐mechanical and optical properties were evaluated. Addition of these AM agents to TPS film reduced the tensile strength with increasing AM agent content, with a significant effect observed at the highest AM agent concentration. The Young's modulus and elongation at break increased with increasing AM agent concentration, especially at the highest formulation concentration of AM agent. Films having a low or intermediate formulation concentration of AM agent exhibited no significant effect on their water vapour permeability, transparency and thermal properties when compared to the control film. Although scanning electron microscope imaging suggested a significant and progressive change in the surface morphologies of the films with AM agent concentration, the overall effects on the tested properties were not significant. This suggests that the direct incorporation of AM agents into TPS films did not adversely affect the films, particularly at lower AM agent concentrations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conservation of Bakery Products Through Cinnamaldehyde Antimicrobial Films

In this study, an antimicrobial film containing cinnamaldehyde was developed to pack bread and pastry made without preservatives. These products were wrapped with the antimicrobial films and packaged in low‐density polyethylene bags. The antimicrobial activity of the films, the migration of the cinnamaldehyde in the films to the products and product acceptance by consumers were evaluated. Samples of bread and pastry packaged with films without the antimicrobial were used as controls. When samples of bread packaged with the cinnamaldehyde films were analysed, the films were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of aerobic mesophiles, yeast and mould. The control sample was observed to have twice as much growth (four log cycles) compared with the other treatments after 12 days of storage. After 60 days, the samples of pastry dough showed a reduction of two and three log cycles of growth for aerobic mesophiles and Staphylococcus spp. for the 5 and 10% films, respectively. However, the amounts of yeast and mould in samples packed in either 5 or 10% antimicrobial films did not increase over the storage period. In all evaluations, water activity did not influence the microbiological results. The content of cinnamaldehyde that migrated from the film (5%) to the pastry dough and bread were 0.005 g/g and 0.0025 g/g, respectively, after 3 days of storage at 23 ± 2 °C. This amount of the antimicrobial influenced the acceptance of the pastry dough compared with the control but did not influence the acceptance of the bread, possibly due to the smaller amount of cinnamaldehyde detected in samples of bread in relation to the samples of pastry dough. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Agents against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The antimicrobial (AM) activity of starch‐based films coated with linalool, carvacrol or thymol against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro and/or inoculated on the surface of Cheddar cheese was investigated. In solid medium using the agar diffusion method and in experiments involving the inoculation of the microorganism on the surface of Cheddar cheese, all the films containing these AM agents in coatings demonstrated an inhibitory effect against S. cerevisiae. The results suggest that the overall inhibitory effect of linalool, carvacrol or thymol increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the concentration of each of the AM agents in the film coating and that the response is linear in the concentration range of 1 to 5% (w/w) of the AM agent. Thymol had the highest AM efficacy followed by carvacrol, whereas linalool had the lowest efficacy amongst the three systems. The zones of inhibition in the agar diffusion test method at 25°C for S. cerevisiae were found to be 7.6, 7.1 and 6.1 mm for thymol, carvacrol and linalool at 1% (w/w) loading and 13.2, 12.2 and 11.2 mm at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. The death rates of S. cerevisiae on Cheddar cheese wrapped in films coated with thymol, carvacrol and linalool and stored for up to 28 days at 15°C were found to be 0.044, 0.043 and 0.038 per day at 1% (w/w) loading and 0.077, 0.073 and 0.063 per day at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

可降解抑菌食品包装膜的研究进展

目的 对常用的抑菌剂和可降解高分子材料在食品包装中的应用进行综述,以开发具有可降解性、抑菌性、绿色环保的新型智能食品包装材料。方法 总结可降解抑菌膜和可降解高分子材料合成的食品包装膜中常用的抑菌剂（如壳聚糖、植物精油、植物提取物、细菌素）与可降解高分子材料（如淀粉及其衍生物、壳聚糖、纤维素、蛋白质等）的相关学术研究进展。结论 可降解抑菌膜大多被应用于果蔬采后运输贮藏的包装,如果将其应用于田间,可以更好地避免杂菌的污染。     

Immobilization of Lysozyme on Food Contact Polymers as Potential Antimicrobial Films

The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating an antimicrobial enzyme (lysozyme) into polymers which are suitable for food contact. Hen egg white lysozyme was immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) beads, nylon, 6,6 pellets and cellulose triacetate (CTA) films. Polyvinyl alcohol and nylon 6,6 yielded low activity against a suspension of dried Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells, while CTA yielded the highest activity; 1.25 cm²/ml (CTA film area to substrate volume ratio) fully hydrolyzed a 0.015% (w/v) suspension of dried cells in 30 min. The activity retention of lysozyme immobilized on CTA was 90% after one use and 60% after 20 repeated uses. The amount of enzyme added to the film during immobilization affected the activity of the immobilized lysozyme; highest activities were obtained when CTA films were formed by adding 150–250 mg lysozyme per g polymer. No significant effect of CTA film thickness on lysozyme activity was observed. Viability of M. lysodeikticus grown on tripticase soy broth (TSB) at 30°C was decreased in the presence of CTA film containing lysozyme. The film (0.01 cm²/ml TSB) was inhibitory and bactericidal against 10³ and 10⁸ c.f.u./ml M. lysodeikticus respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Natural Antimicrobial – Containing EVOH Coatings on PP and PET Films: Functional and Active Property Characterization

Natural antimicrobials are currently being tested by many researchers for active packaging applications as a response to consumer demands for safer food products. In previous work, several packaging materials consisting of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)‐coated polypropylene (PP) films containing essential oils or their constituents as active agents were successfully developed and tested for antimicrobial activity. In this work, selected films from those materials, namely EVOH coatings with carvacrol, citral, marjoram essential oil, or cinnamon bark essential oil, on PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, were subjected to diverse physicochemical analyses in order to assess their suitability for food packaging applications. Concretely, the investigated properties were the stability of EVOH coatings on PP and PET substrates, the retainability of EVOH matrices for active compounds, the mechanical, optical, surface and barrier properties of the final active films and the effects of a matrix modification based on the addition of bentonite nanoclay on the performance of PP/EVOH active packages studied in actual working conditions. Results showed that the application of corona discharge followed by a polyethyleneimine‐based primer was the best anchorage treatment available to stabilize EVOH coatings on PP and PET substrates. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the retention of active agents into EVOH matrices ranged from low to moderate, depending on the embedded substance, and that their presence into an EVOH coating in the final multilayer films did not noticeably affect their mechanical, optical or barrier properties, although it considerably improved their wettability. They also indicated that the inclusion of bentonite nanoparticles into their carrier layers substantially enhanced the performance of the final packages, while maintaining or slightly improving their other physical properties. Hence, as a conclusion, all the assayed multilayer films were considered perfectly valid for food packaging applications, and the incorporation of bentonite nanoclay to their carrier layers was also highly recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.