高稳定性及均匀性光腔温度控制研究

本文开展衰荡光腔温度控制研究。通过负反馈回路控制控温箱温度,编制软件驱动测温仪,采集腔内测温探头3.5小时内的温度值。稳定性研究中,单点温度变化标准差仅为0.18mK。均匀性研究中,4个位置温度变化标准差在0.5～0.7mK之间,不同位置温度差最大为40mK,腔内温度分布均匀,梯度较小。     

高稳定性大型空气温度校准试验箱的研究

为满足温度采集仪的校准需求,研制了高稳定性大型空气温度校准试验箱。阐述了该试验箱的箱体结构、工作原理。以箱体内传热过程的理论模型为基础,结合Fluent软件进行了数值模拟,分析了试验箱体内温度场以及空气流速场的分布及变化。通过试验证明该试验箱控温精度高、温度波动度小、温场均匀性好,可推广应用。     

提高位式测控温准确度的途径

目前，国内热处理电炉常采用位式调节仪表与交流接触器式的控温柜，这种“通、断”式的控制方式，由于功率变化范围太大，感温元件灵敏度及炉子本身的热情性等，致使电炉的热冲量大，控制范围大。有的单位往往将原控温柜弃掉，重新购买带P、I、D的可控硅式控温柜。而笔者认为下列途径可提高位式测控温的准确度。一、用‘is一丁’换接法。由于加热炉具有延时、滞后的特性及存在仪表控制的不灵敏区，控制对象的加热功率对调节性能有很大影响。如加热功率大，升温快，加热停止后，温度上冲多，引起的波动大，反之亦然。当选用“凸一Y”接法时…     

半导体精密控温技术在航天器包装容器的应用

目的 对某型号航天器包装容器进行温控系统设计,以达到航天器高精度控温的要求.方法 对总体保温布局进行设计,优化被动保温结构,采用半导体控温方式,利用Ansys Workbench进行稳态和瞬态热力学分析.通过试验测试,验证保温结构设计和热力学分析结果的合理性.结果 在外部施加热源温度36℃和0℃情况下,随着热源区域的远离,包装容器内部的温度也趋于平稳,内部装载产品区域温度基本能维持在20.99～22.662℃.实际试验结果显示箱内温度变化不大于±1℃,比传统的空调控温精度高出70％左右.结论 通过优化箱体的被动保温结构,采用半导体精密控温,可以满足未来航天器小型化、高精度运输要求.     

流通环境对液氮充注蓄冷配送箱保温性能的影响

目的 为了提高液氮充注蓄冷配送箱在流通过程中的保温性能,保证配送品质。方法 搭建配送箱流通环境模拟试验平台,研究不同外界风速、外界温度和振动频率对蓄冷配送箱内空气温度变化和温度场分布的影响。结果 试验结果表明,当外界风速增大时,箱体内部环境的升温速度也会增大;外界温度对液氮充注完毕后箱内最低温度产生较大影响,箱体内部空气最低温度随外界温度降低而降低,同时始终在运输过程中维持较低的温度,箱体内温度场均匀性先提高后降低;振动对箱体内部环境的升温速度影响较大,而随着振动频率增大,箱体内部的温度场均匀性变差。结论 该研究可为蓄冷运输配送设备的设计与优化提供参考。     

大型食品真空冷冻干燥设备控制系统设计与应用研究

针对大型冻干设备控制对象复杂,可靠性及控制精度要求高,特别是冻干设备中加热系统的大惯性、纯滞后、非线性以及时变等特点,在FD-200冻干设备控制系统设计中,采用二次热源控温法,并选用带自动修改调节因子的Fuzzy控制算法,实现对加热搁板温度的控制;采用PID控制调节电动调节充气阀的开度以控制干燥仓的充气量,实现对干燥仓压力的控制;手动调节制冷系统的制冷量和蒸发温度,实现对冷阱温度的控制。碎冰冻干实验和小葱冻干实验表明,加热搁板温度控制精度为±0.6℃,干燥仓压力控制精度为±4 Pa,冷阱温度控制精度±2.5℃,各控制精度均能较好地满足冻干工艺要求。     

石蜡相变储能模块的控温性能研究

目的 为了控制电子设备工作温度，研发一种相变储能模块，并研究其控温性能。方法 本文通过仿真对以32号石蜡、62号石蜡和质量分数为6%的膨胀石墨(EG)-62号石蜡为相变工质的储能模块进行研究，分析相变材料、翅片材料以及加热功率对相变储能模块控温性能的影响。结果 32号石蜡在900 s时接近完全融化，62号石蜡在2 000 s时才融化过半，膨胀石墨-石蜡复合材料在1 250 s就已经接近完全融化，填充62号石蜡的Al翅片模块的温升速率为0.035 ℃/s，Cu翅片模块的温升速率为0.03 ℃/s，相比未填充相变材料的模块温升速率分别降低了73.1%和70%。结论 具有不同物性参数的相变材料，在不同工况下其呈现的控温性能也各不相同，但是在较高功率工况下，熔点较低或导热系数较高的相变材料具有更好的控温性能。储能模块内部导热翅片对内部强化换热效果明显，翅片导热系数越高，越有利于模块的控温。     

太阳能半导体制冷装置设计与性能分析

以研究太阳能半导体制冷空调为背景,设计了一种小型太阳能半导体制冷装置。制冷装置由制冷部分和温度测量控制部分两部分组成,主要针对制冷片的安装方法、控制匹配器和温度控制电路的设计方法、半导体制冷片制冷性能的影响因素开展研究。通过制冷装置实验,得到了制冷片在不同电流工况和散热条件下两端的温差及箱体内平均温度随工作时间的变化曲线。实验结果表明,制冷片工作电流的选择要与制冷系统的散热强度相适应,而且应适当增加制冷片冷端的散冷能力,才能达到良好的制冷效果。     

一款智能冰箱控制器的原理及应用

目前冰箱行业微电脑控制器冰箱主要生产风冷冰箱和直冷冰箱为主,它们都具有优缺点,本智能冰箱控制器兼顾了两者的优点,采用一种风冷、直冷相结合的控制模式。本控制器采用10位AD采集传感器温度进行精确控温、箱体制冷采用风门及脉冲阀控制、人机数据交换采用电容式感应按键技术、显示界面采用长寿命的白色LED模块显示、使用节能而寿命长的白色LED灯组作箱体照明、配备方便生产测试维修的特殊程序、具有自动化霜功能。     

TH—FD55×2食品真空冷冻干燥机加热系统

介绍了TH－FD55×2真空冷冻干燥机加热系统,该系统以饱和蒸汽为热源,采用将热媒通入空心加热板的辐射加热方式,用热媒加热罐蓄能和稳压,通过三通调节阀和板式换热器精确调节加热板温度。具有加热均匀、热效率高、控温精确、可靠性高的特点。     

Research of thermal response simulation and mold structure optimization for rapid heat cycle molding processes, respectively, with steam heating and electric heating

The dynamic mold temperature control system is the key of rapid heat cycle molding (RHCM) technology because it significantly affects the stability of the process, productivity and the quality of the final polymer part. For this reason, the approaches and techniques for dynamic mold temperature control were discussed in this study and two different dynamic mold temperature control methods, respectively, with steam heating and electric heating were found to be very feasible in mass production. The methods and principles of mold design for the two RHCM technologies were also discussed and then several different kinds of mold structures were designed. By constructing the corresponding thermal response analytical models for these RHCM molds, the temperature responses of the molding systems in the heating and cooling process of RHCM were simulated and studied. The effects of the mold design parameters such as the insulation layer between mold plate and mold inert, and mold material, on thermal response efficiency and temperature uniformity of the two RHCM processes were analyzed based on the simulation results. The results show that the insulation layer can increase the upper limit temperature of RHCM with steam heating and improve the heating speed of RHCM with electric heating. It can also greatly decrease the energy consumption of the two RHCM processes. The heating efficiency of RHCM with steam heating can be effectively improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of the cavity/core material, while the situation is diametrically opposite for RHCM with electric heating. Therefore, we acquired an optimized mold design principle and method for RHCM with steam heating and electric heating, respectively. Finally, a new electric heating mold with a cooling plate was proposed to enhance the cooling efficiency. The thermal response of this new electric heating mold was also simulated. The simulation results show that the cooling plate can significantly improve the cooling and heating efficiency.     

Multizone Furnace for Analysis of Fixed-Point Realizations in the Range from 1,000°C to 1,700°C

In this article, the development of a laboratory furnace specially designed for analysis of fixed-point plateau realizations in the range from 1,000 °C to 1,700 °C that enables control of various temperature distribution settings along the heating zone length is presented. A total of 13 thermocouples are built into the furnace tube wall to control the temperature as well as to measure the temperature distribution. The furnace is divided into seven independently controlled heating zones. Each heating zone comprises a MoSi₂ heating element and its dedicated DC power supply module. The furnace temperature is controlled by manipulating the output voltage of each power supply to control the temperature of each heating element, as estimated from its electrical resistance. The heating power and temperature measurement are fully controlled by a computer using an application written in Lab VIEW, allowing very flexible furnace control. The furnace can be used in air as well as in an inert atmosphere. Measurements of the temperature distribution of the furnace during a melting-point realization are presented.     

汽车动力总成主动悬置系统分层控制策略研究

针对汽车动力总成主动悬置系统结构特点,考虑作动器动态特性对系统控制精度的影响,提出了一种分层控制方法。在对三自由度1/4车主动悬置系统分析的基础上,推导了悬置系统和电磁作动器控制电路的数学模型,采用分层控制策略对悬置部分和作动器电路部分设计了上、下层控制器。上层悬置控制器采用综合性能较好的LQR控制,并利用遗传算法对其性能指标权重系数进行优化;下层作动器电路部分采用简单实用的PID控制,并利用粒子群算法对其参数进行优化。最后,通过对所设计的主动悬置系统设置两种典型工况进行仿真验证。结果表明:相比于传统控制,按照分层控制策略设计的主动悬置系统能够针对汽车不同工况实施更精确的控制,并且具有较强的鲁棒性和力跟踪性。     

基于模糊控制的HVPE生长设备温度控制系统

氢化物气相外延（hydride vapor phase epitaxy,HVPE）工艺的关键是确保加热炉的温场恒定和高精度控制。由于HVPE生长设备温度控制过程涉及多个加热温区,以及温度测量元件和电阻加热炉温度传导引起的延迟,其温度控制存在超调过大、控制精度低和调节时间过长等问题。为实现HVPE生长设备反应室内温度的精准调控,将模糊逻辑应用到PID （proportion integration differentiation,比例积分微分）控制中,设计系统各温区的模糊自适应整定PID控制器。依据实际设备与相应技术要求,设计研发了一套基于PLC （programmable logic controller,可编程逻辑控制器）、温度控制电路以及模糊自适应整定PID控制的HVPE生长设备温度控制系统。Simulink仿真结果与实测结果表明,模糊自适应整定PID控制器可以应用于HVPE生长设备的温度控制系统,且控制效果较好。研究表明,所设计的温度控制算法与温度控制系统能够很好地满足GaN材料生长的工艺要求,具有一定的实用价值。     

Ray-transfer-matrix model for accurate pulsed cavity ring-down measurement in the mismatching case

A theoretical model based on the ray-transfer matrix is developed for the pulsed cavity ring-down (CRD) technique to numerically investigate the influence of the geometric parameters of the pulsed-CRD arrangement on the CRD signal. By fitting the spatial distribution of the pulsed laser beam to that of the TEM(00) cavity mode, the geometric parameters are optimized to obtain perfect matching between the laser beam and the ring-down cavity. It is indicated by the numerical simulations that as long as the laser power exiting the ring-down cavity is fully collected, a single exponential-decay signal, identical to the perfectly-matched CRD signal, is obtained in the mismatching case to determine accurately the cavity decay time. Intensity fluctuations appear in the mismatched CRD signal if the laser power exiting the ring-down cavity is not fully collected. Both the conventional exponential decay fitting approach and a linear fitting procedure are employed to analyze these mismatched CRD signals and the latter is recommended to make an accurate pulsed-CRD measurement.     

S7-300PLC的电加热温度控制系统设计

针对电加热系统易出现的温度波动性大、控制精度差、超调严重等问题,根据电加热系统中温度控制的特点和要求,采用了由西门子S7-300PLC、三相可控硅调功器等组成的高精度温度控制系统.介绍了该系统的硬件配置和软件设计,并运用PID(比例、积分、微分)控制算法,达到减少系统波动性,解决超调量过大,提高控制精度等目的.实现监控整个电加热系统的加热过程,使得系统的最终温度符合设计目标值,并且能够保持在设计温度范围内,为以后进行实际试验积累经验和提供技术支持.     

酒钢中板3~#加热炉燃烧控制系统

文章介绍了酒钢中板加热炉的燃烧控制系统,重点介绍了双蓄热室加热炉的换向控制系统、温度燃烧控制系统,针对温度燃烧系统的温度信号干扰,进行了数字滤波处理,对于炉膛温度控制系统的大滞后,采取了智能积分及抗积分饱和措施。     

瓦楞纸板横切机速度控制系统设计

目的提高瓦楞纸板横切机速度跟踪精度,减小其剪切误差。方法基于模糊控制设计一个速度控制系统。介绍横切机的工作原理。针对其速度跟踪控制,阐述具体的控制算法。基于模糊控制设计一种速度跟踪控制器,以解决其非线性、数学模型不精确等问题,主要包括模糊化、隶属度函数、模糊规则等。以DSP为核心,搭建实验平台。同时详细阐述硬件电路结构,包括IPM模块、驱动隔离电路、速度和位置检测电路等。结果实验结果表明,即使存在干扰,控制系统仍可以在很短的时间内完成速度响应。同步区速度偏差较小、跟踪精度高。结论所述控制系统能够提高剪切效率、降低剪切误差,满足横切机的设计要求。     

基于半导体制冷片的高精度控温电路系统设计

基于半导体制冷片(Thermo Electric Cooler,TEC)设计了一种高精度控温电路系统。本文详细介绍了TEC的选型方法,设计并实现了以单片机为核心的硬件电路,采用PID软件控制算法优化温控参数。在实验中,选择较大热负载紫铜块作为控温对象进行实验验证,实验结果表明:在室温23℃的情况下,紫铜块的控温范围为-10~40℃,控温精度高达0.01℃。     

Three‐dimensional thermal response and thermo‐mechanical fatigue analysis for a large LCD TV frame mould in steam‐assisted rapid heat cycle moulding

Rapid heat cycle moulding (RHCM) is a newly developed moulding technique to improve the surface appearance of plastic parts and eliminate the polluting secondary operations such as primers and painting. In steam‐assisted RHCM, the mould surface temperature should be thermally cycled by alternatively cycling the high temperature steam and cooling water in the heating/cooling channels of the mould. The mould design is of great importance for RHCM because it not only has a great effect on the heating/cooling efficiency and hence the productivity but also directly affects the mould surface temperature uniformity and accordingly the final part quality. Furthermore, the service life of the RHCM mould with steam heating is also very much dependent on the mould structure or the layout of the heating/cooling channels as the fatigue crack is likely to occur at the wall of the heating/cooling channels under combined thermal cycling and mechanical loading. In this study, an RHCM mould for a type of 52‐inch LCD TV frame was designed. A three‐dimensional (3D) transient thermal analysis was performed to determine the thermal response efficiency of the designed RHCM mould cavity and investigate the factors affecting the heating efficiency. Then, by using the results obtained from the heat transfer simulation, the thermal‐structure coupling analysis comprehensively considering the cavity pressure and clamp force was conducted to analyse the stress distribution in the mould cavity, which is helpful to find the weak position in the mould cavity. We found that the spots where the maximum stresses occur are similar to the region where fatigue cracks come into being in the actual RHCM mould. Based on the simulation results, the mechanism of the cavity cracks formation on the cavity surface was proposed. Finally, the fatigue analysis was conducted to predict the fatigue life of the RHCM mould. The analysis results show that the regions at the top edges of the heating/cooling channels have the lowest fatigue life and safety factor. The discrepancy between the available life predicted by simulation and the actual service life of the RHCM mould is also discussed.