环氧树脂作为相容剂的研究进展

高分子共混物中组分的不相容性会导致共混物的性能下降。因此,对高分子共混物的增容是很必要的。环氧树脂具有很高的反应活性,价格低廉,且在同时提高聚合物的强度和韧性方面大有发展,文中对环氧树脂作为增容剂的增容机理及其对共混物性能的影响、应用体系以及影响增容的各种因素作了分析和评述,对这一领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚合物共混物的反应性增容及相形态控制

综述了聚合物共混物的反应性增容及相形态控制的研究现状。介绍了聚合物共混物反应性增容的几种方法及增容机理,并从热力学、动力学和熔融共混过程中流动参数三方面对聚合物共混物相形态结构的控制进行了说明。     

高聚物共混增容技术的研究进展

综述了高分子合金相容性研究的现状与发展，介绍了各种增容方法及其应用，通过改善共混物的相容性来提高高分子合金的力学性能是制备新型高分子材料的一种新途径。     

嵌段共聚物对LDPE／PS共混物的增容作用：混合顺序对LDPE／SEBS／PS…

混合顺序对低密度聚乙烯／（苯乙烯－乙烯／丁烯－苯乙烯）三嵌段共聚物／聚苯乙烯共混物的形态有一定的影响。研究结果表明，增容剂先与分散相混合，增容剂集中在分散相，然后与连续相混合，这样增容剂容易迁移到两相界面，具有更好的增容效果。     

嵌段共聚物对LDPE／PS共混物的增容作用混合顺序对LDPE／SEBS／PS共混物形态的影响

混合顺序对低密度聚乙烯／（苯乙烯－乙烯／丁烯－苯乙烯）三嵌段共聚物／聚苯乙烯共混物的形态有一定的影响。研究结果表明，增容剂先与分散相混合，增容剂集中在分散相，然后与连续相混合，这样增容剂容易迁移到两相界面，具有更好的增容效果。     

用DSC鉴定高分子材料组成的研究

用DSC研究了标致汽车保险杆的组成。研究了试样从熔体淬火、加热速率、冷却速率、部分扫描、部分扫描→等温扫描对DSC曲线的影响,从而确定试样是两种高分子材料的共混物。经用Barta的添加热分析法鉴别,证实试样是聚丙烯和高密度聚乙烯的共混物,然后用红外光谱予以佐证。建立了用DSC确定高分子材料组成的一套方法。     

PVC／NBR（HNBR）／HDPE共混体系相容性的研究

以丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）和氢化丁腈橡胶（ＨＮＢＲ）共聚物为增容剂，用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ共混物的形态进行了研究，共聚物ＮＢＲ（ＨＮＢＲ）加入共混物中后，使冲击面形貌发生变化。表明两相间粘合力增大，相分离程度减少小，改变增容剂的种类和用量以及共混组成的，均将对体系的形态结构产生影响。     

EVA增容PVC／PE共混体系的研究

采用乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）作为聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）／高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）共混物的增容剂，通过冲击实验、拉伸实验、动态力学分析和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ），系统地研究了共混体系的性能与其形态结构之间的关系。结果表明，ＥＶＡ是ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ良好的增容剂，在一定范围内，ＥＶＡ与ＰＥ对ＰＶＣ有协同增韧效应     

嵌段共聚物对LDPE／PS共混物性能和形态的影响

研究了二嵌段共聚物（ＳＢ）和不同分子量的三嵌段共聚物（ＳＥＢＳ）对ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物的应力￣应变行为、冲击强度和形态结构的影响。结果表明，加入增容剂后，共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度都得到改善，动态力学谱明显ＬＤＰＥ的α转变峰Ａ随着增容剂的增加，峰的宽度增大，峰位逐渐向高温方向位移。当含量达到５％左右，转变峰Ａ的位移达到最大值，继续增加增容剂的含量，转变峰Ａ逐渐向低温方向位移。航向电镜观察显示分子量     

PA1010／CSM／EPR共混物的塑化特性

用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ ＰＬＥ３３１型塑化仪研究了ＰＡ１０１０／ＣＳＭ／ＥＰＲ共混物的塑化特性。结果表明，随着共混物中ＥＰＲ含量增加和转速升高，共混物的平衡扭矩升高；随着增容剂ＣＳＭ含量增加和温度升高，共混物的平衡扭矩降低；温度和转速升高，塑化时间缩短。     

含活性基有机硅氮烷的合成及紫外光固化与热裂解研究

通过甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷及甲基氢二氯硅烷氨解并以NH4C l催化制备了四种含活性基团的有机硅氮烷。对其紫外光(UV)固化性能、机理及热裂解行为进行了研究。结果表明,紫外光可以有效地引发含活性基的有机硅氮烷固化,固化时主要发生N-H、-CH=CH2间的反应;增大低聚物中S i-H含量和硅氮烷的分子量,均可提高其裂解后的陶瓷产率。     

Assessment of solid reactive mixtures for the development of biological permeable reactive barriers

Solid reactive mixtures were tested as filling material for the development of biological permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of heavy metals contaminated waters. Mixture selection was performed by taking into account the different mechanisms operating in sulphate and cadmium removal with particular attention to bioprecipitation and sorption onto the organic matrices in the mixtures. Suspensions of eight reactive mixtures were tested for sulphate removal (initial concentration 3 g L⁻¹). Each mixture was made up of four main functional components: a mix of organic sources for bacterial growth, a neutralizing agent, a porous medium and zero-valent iron. The best mixture among the tested ones (M8: 6% leaves, 9% compost, 3% zero-valent iron, 30% silica sand, 30% perlite, 22% limestone) presented optimal conditions for SRB growth (pH 7.8 ± 0.1; E_h = −410 ± 5 mV) and 83% sulphate removal in 22 days (25% due to bioreduction, 32% due to sorption onto compost and 20% onto leaves). M8 mixture allowed the complete abatement of cadmium with a significant contribution of sorption over bioprecipitation (6% Cd removal due to SRB activity). Sorption properties, characterised by potentiometric titrations and related modelling, were mainly due to carboxylic sites of organic components used in reactive mixtures.     

反应型聚氨酯热熔胶的研究进展

反应型聚氨酯热熔胶因具有绿色环保、性能优异、应用广泛等特点,近年来成为胶黏剂领域的研究热点,得到了快速发展。简单介绍了反应型聚氨酯热熔胶的固化机理、特点和应用,综述了反应型聚氨酯热熔胶在聚氨酯预聚体、热塑性树脂、增粘树脂和添加剂等方面的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

双螺杆反应挤出模型的研究

详细研究了双螺杆中反应挤出聚合物的动力学模型、流动模型和传热模型。通过实验得到了双螺杆反应器中聚合物的停留时间分布及平均停留时间。     

Formation of stable Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers from oxiran carboxylic acids

Long-chain carboxylic acids, having oxiran groups at various positions along the chain, were synthesized and tested for their capacity to form ordered monolayers and multilayers. The oxiran groups were included because of their potential for polymerization during electron beam lithography. The hydrophilic nature of both the carboxylic acid and the oxiran groups in the same molecule afforded some difficulties in film formation, but one of these compounds provided stable monolayers and multilayers. Initial investigations have revealed that these multilayers are sensitive to electron beam polymerization.     

Effects of a Reactive Element on isothermal and cyclic oxidation of chromia-forming alloys: SEM/EDX,TEM and SIMS investigations.

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the reactive element effect on chromia-forming alloys. The reactive element, neodymium, was introduced as an oxide film at the surface of the alloys. The analyses were performed during the early stages of oxidation at 1,273 K. Uncoated and Nd₂O₃-coated alloys have been oxidised for 1, 5, 30, 60, 120 minutes and 50 hours in air at atmospheric pressure. Chromia growth mechanisms were studied by two-stage ¹⁶O₂/¹⁸O₂ oxidation exposures followed by SIMS and SNMS analyses. Chromia grains quickly grew on uncoated samples, whereas they slowly developed on Nd₂O₃-coated specimens. A neodymium-containing phase rapidly evolved from Nd₂O₃, to NdCrO₃ and then NdTi₂₁O₃₈. Indeed, the main phase evolution appeared during the first 60 minutes of the oxidation process. Chromia growth mechanism was not changed after 1 hour of oxidation because Nd was not yet incorporated into Cr₂O₃ scales. During the early stages of oxidation, Nd was mainly concentrated in the outer part of the scale composed of a spinel phase, Mn_1.5Cr_1.5O₄. After two hours of oxidation, Nd was incorporated inside the chromia scale, leading to inward diffusion of oxygen. These results clearly demonstrated that the incorporation of the reactive element in the chromia scale as grain boundary segregant is the main explanation of the reactive element effect in the case of chromia-forming alloys.     

聚(乳酸-氨基酸)共聚物的合成及性能研究进展

本文详细介绍了聚(乳酸-氨基酸)线型无规共聚物、线型交替共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、交联共聚物的合成路线及其性能的研究进展.在聚乳酸(PLA)大分子链中引入氨基酸(包括赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸等)链段后,可获得含有氨基、羧基、羟基、巯基等反应活性基团的聚(乳酸-氨基酸)共聚物.此类共聚物在保持聚乳酸良好生物相容性的基础上,还具有反应活性功能性、亲水亲脂两亲性、降解速度可控性.     

基于迭代算法的有源电力滤波器谐波电流实时检测新方法

目前，已经提出了多种有源电力滤波器谐波及无功电流检测方法，尽管这些方法各有特点，但都存在着难以克服的问题，如计算量大，实时性差，检测精度不高等。文章在负载电流分析的基础上，提出了一种基于迭代算法的有源电力滤波器谐波电流实时检测方法，该方法具有计算量非常小，实时性好，检测精度高等特点。理论分析与仿真研究证实了该方法的正确性。     

反应溅射制备SiO2膜的问题及进展

磁控射法制备ＳｉＯ２膜传统上采用射频溅射工艺,但它成本较高,效率较低,无法充分满足大面积镀膜工业生产的需求。近年来,反应磁控溅射在解决异常弧光放电和阳极消失等问题方面取得了很大的进展,已成功地应用于包括ＳｉＯ２在内的绝缘膜沉积,成为镀制介质膜的一个新方向。本文介绍和评述了反应溅射所遇到的几个关键问题,结合机理讨论了相应的解决办法,并认为反应溅射有重要实用价值和发展前景。     

Intrinsic photoluminescence from gels containing amine or amide chemical groups

Gels obtained through the sol-gel procedure by mixing an alkoxide with a carboxylic acid emit intense intrinsic photoluminescence when the alkoxide contains an amine or amide group. However, also simple polyether chains with two end amino groups but no alkoxysilane groups gel by interaction with carboxylic acids and also emit photoluminescence. Luminescence emission in these gels could be justified by a model similar to the emission of Green Fluorescent Protein. According to this model, amide groups, abundant in these gels, go through multiple reactions with other amide or amino groups so that they could yield conjugated species that are capable to emit photoluminescence. This model could open the possibility to synthesize a great variety of photoluminescent species based on amine-carboxylate interactions.