气流式喷嘴射流火焰噪声的试验研究

研究气化燃烧反应对射流火焰噪声的影响,并对火焰噪声的特性进行分析.通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)及声压级计算等方法,对火焰噪声信号进行频谱分析.结果表明,火焰噪声包含燃烧噪声和喷流噪声,主要是300Hz以下的低频波段噪声;火焰噪声以燃烧噪声为主,火焰根部噪声为喷流噪声;氧化剂比燃料更能影响火焰噪声,完全燃烧时,漩涡的大量产生导致更强的噪声.     

基于致动线/BPM模型结合的风力机气动噪声研究

结合致动线模型和BPM半经验模型为声学扰动方程提供声源,计算NREL5MWRef风力机的声场传播。为提高效率采用声场与流场混合求解方法,对声场基于带有声源项的声学扰动方程进行微分计算,模拟点声源扩散并与声学理论对比,验证模型及方法的正确性。基于致动线模型进行风力机流场及声场的模拟计算,该模型建模与网格划分简单,并通过在声学扰动方程中添加基于BPM半经验模型的翼型自噪声源,来弥补致动线模型缺失翼型自噪声声源的不足。结果表明,结合致动线模型和BPM半经验模型,基于声学扰动方程计算风力机声场的方法正确、高效。     

基于大涡模拟的水下射流噪声计算方法分析

在前期对低马赫数下气动噪声计算方法的研究基础上,建立大涡模拟(LES)和Lighthil声类比水动力噪声混合计算方法,并通过参考文献中的水下射流声学实验结果对该方法进行验证。首先,参考试验模型尺寸建立三维模型,分别划分流场计算和声学计算所需结构网格,通过试算确定外流域大小和网格划分方式;接着,采用LES对射流流场进行计算,通过压差、压力脉动、速度不均匀度等指标对湍流流场特性和计算稳定性进行分析;随后,将流场计算结果作为声源项插值到声学网格,基于Lighthill声类比理论,对水下射流噪声进行计算;最后,对比水下射流声学试验数据与流噪声计算结果,验证和分析该混合计算方法计算水下射流噪声的可行性和正确性。结果表明,所建立的LES和Lighthill混合计算方法能较好地模拟水下射流噪声,可用于水动力噪声的研究。     

涡桨飞机机体外表面噪声源计算与实验验证

针对某型涡桨飞机在巡航状态下机体表面的主要噪声源（附面层噪声和螺旋桨噪声）分别进行了计算及结果验证。利用VA-One软件开展了机身表面不同位置处附面层噪声数值计算,同时利用半经验公式进行了螺旋桨近场噪声的计算研究。综合考虑两种噪声源的计算结果,与该型涡桨飞机的机体外表面噪声实测结果进行了对比研究。结果表明,仿真和理论计算相结合的计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,验证了算法的正确性。该算法可应用于涡桨飞机机身外表面噪声载荷及舱内噪声预计。     

车内噪声FE-SEA混合建模及分析方法

对二子系统的互易关系进行了阐述,并通过模态方法别对二子系统的互易关系进行了介绍,并介绍了两个面连接子系统的耦合关系,最后给出了混合FE-SEA的系统方程。建立了轿车FE-SEA混合模型,对FE车身的辐射效率进行了计算,通过试验对动力总成悬置激励和车身悬置激励进行了测量,在消声室内对发动机舱声辐射激励进行了测量,建立了CFD风洞仿真模型,并对车外风激励进行了计算,同时通过施加激励后的混合FE-SEA模型对车内噪声进行了预测,并与试验结果进行了对比,并对误差产生的原因进行了分析,对比分析结果表明,二者有着较好的一致性,预测绝对误差小于2.5 dB(A),计算精度满足工程要求,混合FE-SEA建模方法是一种有效的车内中频噪声预测方法。     

喷流式换热器Ｙou效率分析

本文建立了喷流式换热器的Ｙou效率计算模型，并通过实例计算，分析了各运行参数，对喷流式换热器Ｙou效率的影响。     

气动噪声数值计算方法的比较与应用

当前气动噪声问题已日趋普遍和突出。虽然自Lighthill开创气动声学已有半个多世纪，但是由于气动声学方程的复杂性，因此在很长一段时间内都无法实现气动噪声的准确计算。计算流体力学和声学计算方法的成熟，数值计算正在成为解决气动噪声问题的主要工具。从气动声学基本理论出发，对现有的三种气动噪声数值计算方法进行介绍，分析这三种方法的适用性，并通过应用实例说明它们各自的求解过程和优缺点。由此可对气动噪声的预测提供一定的参考依据。     

梁—板混合单元分析桥梁车致振动与噪声

在平截面的假定条件下,通过建立梁—板混合单元有限元模型,采用车—线—桥耦合振动分析得到桥梁高频振动响应,再采用声学边界元法分析桥梁结构噪声。以32 m混凝土简支箱梁为例,讨论了不同的梁—板混合模型对计算精度和效率的影响,并与现场试验结果进行对比。由此验证了:在梁—板混合有限元模型中,跨中板单元区域的长度取5倍以上梁高时,桥梁高频振动和结构噪声仿真值均能取得良好的精度,计算效率可提高70%左右。桥梁振动和结构噪声的峰值频率范围为40 Hz~80 Hz,在梁侧传播时具有一定的指向性。采用梁—板混合单元模型计算得到30 m范围内的结构噪声与全板单元模型计算结果基本一致,但在30 m范围外,前者的计算值要比后者小2 d B(Lin)左右。因而,梁—板混合单元模型可有助于提高桥梁车致振动和噪声分析的效率。     

吸油烟机气动噪声的数值模拟

基于混合CAA(Computational Aeroacoustics)方法,对某型号吸油烟机的气动噪声进行了数值模拟研究.首先,利用CFD软件Fluent对吸油烟机的非稳态流场进行计算,得到吸油烟机非稳态流场的压力和速度分布.然后,利用Lighthill声类比方法和Curle方程,采用声学软件Actran计算得到吸油烟机的声场.最后,分析了吸油烟机内声源频域结果和声场的声压级云图,得到了吸油烟机噪声传播指向特性.研究结果表明,吸油烟机噪声主要为中低频噪声,且以离散噪声为主.在叶片通过频率下,吸油烟机噪声具有明显的指向性特征,噪声主要由吸油烟机内离心风机主次进风口向外部传播.     

艇尾实尺桨空化初始航速和高频噪声谱的工程预报

为了实现艇尾实尺桨空化初始航速和高频噪声谱的工程预报,采用模型桨空化多相流模拟和实桨高频噪声谱半经验公式预报相结合的方法,预报了SUBOFF潜艇标称伴流下的实尺度7叶大侧斜桨的空化初始航速和高频噪声谱曲线以及特定频率1kHz处的谱源级。空化模拟和空化初生的较高预报精度由E779A桨的空化形态、空化面积和初生空化数的预报给予了校验。半经验公式的适用性由USS212型潜艇和Agosta-80潜艇的螺旋桨噪声预报给予了校验,精度适中。计算结果表明:7叶桨在水深16.8 m时空化初始航速为12.8 kn,6 kn航速下1 kHz处谱级为101.7 dB,较相同水深下Agosta-80潜艇临界航速高2.6 kn、谱级低0.3 dB,表明噪声性能更优。较好地建立了艇尾实尺桨空化初始航速和高频噪声谱预报的工程应用方法。     

Low-density parity-check codes for volume holographic memory systems

We investigate the application of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in volume holographic memory (VHM) systems. We show that a carefully designed irregular LDPC code has a very good performance in VHM systems. We optimize high-rate LDPC codes for the nonuniform error pattern in holographic memories to reduce the bit error rate extensively. The prior knowledge of noise distribution is used for designing as well as decoding the LDPC codes. We show that these codes have a superior performance to that of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and regular LDPC counterparts. Our simulation shows that we can increase the maximum storage capacity of holographic memories by more than 50 percent if we use irregular LDPC codes with soft-decision decoding instead of conventionally employed RS codes with hard-decision decoding. The performance of these LDPC codes is close to the information theoretic capacity.     

一种简单的二维零位光栅编码新方法

二维零位光栅可以给出标志二维坐标系下绝对零位的脉冲,但由于编码设计的计算量巨大,产生二维零位光栅的编码非常困难.本文结合全局优化的DIRECT算法和遗传算法等优化算法,提出一种首先采用优化算法设计较为易于得到的一维零位光栅编码,然后通过简单的矢量运算扩展为二维零位光栅的编码方法.通过验证,利用该方法所设计的二维零位光栅编码能在满足零位信号对比度与优化设计的一维零位光栅编码相同的前提下有效降低二维零位光栅编码设计的计算量.     

A novel approach to generating long low-density parity-check codes using two configurations

A new low-complexity generating method is given for the construction of long low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The method is based on performing a combinatorial operation between two given configurations. Combinatorial structures such as lattices, affine and projective planes are considered as the constituent configurations. Using this method, we present several classes of well-structured four-cycle free LDPC codes of high rates most of which are quasi-cyclic. From among the main advantages of this approach, we may refer to its low-complexity property and the fact that from performance perspective the constructed codes compete with the pseudorandom LDPC codes.     

Modelling the fracture of concrete under mixed loading

A simple and efficient numerical procedure for mixed mode fracture of quasibrittle materials is shown: This technique predicts crack trajectories as well as load-displacement or load-CMOD responses. The model is based on the cohesive crack concept and uses the local mode I approach. Numerical results agree quite well with three experimental sets of mixed mode fracture of concrete beams; one from Arrea and Ingraffea, another from García, Gettu and Carol and from a nonproportional loading by the authors. In constrast to more sophisticated models, this method offers two major advantages: it requires only material properties measured by standardized methods and it can easily be implemented with general multipurpose finite element codes.     

无线光通信中喷泉码的发展现状与展望

无线光通信信道复杂多变,喷泉码作为一种新兴的无速率编码无需信道的先验信息即可实现不同信道环境下的自适应传输,与传统编码相比更能提升无线传输的质量。本文首先总结了喷泉码应用于无线光通信的优势以及国内外喷泉码的发展现状,然后深入研究了两类喷泉码编码方案的设计以及对喷泉码性能影响重大的度分布函数的设计,总结了一种喷泉码即(LT)码的译码方法以及近些年不断提出优化的方案,同时指出了喷泉码设计中亟需解决的关键难点,最后提出了喷泉码应用于无线光通信的必要技术和探索方向。     

Coding of Experimental Conditions in Microfluidic Droplet Assays Using Colored Beads and Machine Learning Supported Image Analysis

To efficiently exploit the potential of several millions of droplets that can be considered as individual bioreactors in microfluidic experiments, methods to encode different experimental conditions in droplets are needed. The approach presented here is based on coencapsulation of colored polystyrene beads with biological samples. The decoding of the droplets, as well as content quantification, are performed by automated analysis of triggered images of individual droplets in‐flow using bright‐field microscopy. The decoding strategy combines bead classification using a random forest classifier and Bayesian inference to identify different codes and thus experimental conditions. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of nine different antibiotics and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of a specific antibiotic against a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli are presented as a proof‐of‐principle. It is demonstrated that this method allows successful encoding and decoding of 20 different experimental conditions within a large droplet population of more than 10⁵ droplets per condition. The decoding strategy correctly assigns 99.6% of droplets to the correct condition and a method for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration using droplet microfluidics is established. The current encoding and decoding pipeline can readily be extended to more codes by adding more bead colors or color combinations.     

A comparative study of different fatigue failure assessments of welded bridge details

Five different welded joints frequently used in steel bridges have been selected to investigate the accuracy and applicability of three fatigue assessment methods. The first method, also categorised as the global method, is the nominal stress method, while the more advanced methods are the hot spot and the effective notch stress methods. Solid element based finite element models for welded bridge details were created by following the modelling requirements of each fatigue assessment method. A statistical evaluation based on the results of the finite element analyses and the fatigue test data collected from the literature was performed to determine the mean and characteristic fatigue strength. In addition, the standard deviation for each data series was also determined to conclude how well each method describes the fatigue strength of each welded detail. A method with a lower standard deviation is regarded as more accurate. Moreover, the evaluated results from each method were compared with the recommended fatigue strength values in the Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-9:2005) and IIW codes. In the light of the test results in this study, it appears that the codes are in reasonable agreement with the test data, even though a few examples of the opposite occurred. The conclusion based on the revised results in this article indicates that the nominal stress method yields satisfactory results, despite its simplicity. When considering the effort involved in creating FE models for numerical analysis, it seems clear that the choice of the nominal method is fairly acceptable.     

A frontal technique for vector computers

At the kernel of most scientific computations lies the solution of linear equations which, in finite element codes, is often performed by the frontal method. This method, like many algorithms for sparse matrices, is usually implemented with extensive use of indirect addressing which scarcely benefits from vectorization. As a consequence, present application codes only partially exploit the innovative features of supercomputer architectures. This paper describes a new version of the frontal technique which is designed for CRAY-like computers and is well suited to vector processing. Numerical tests have shown that the proposed algorithm is effective in improving the efficiency of finite element solutions on a vector machine.     

Dual codes of systematic group codes over abelian groups

For systematic codes over finite fields the following result is well known: If [I∣P] is the generator matrix then the generator matrix of its dual code is The main result is a generalization of this for systematic group codes over finite abelian groups. It is shown that given the endomorphisms which characterize a group code over an abelian group, the endomorphisms which characterize its dual code are identified easily. The self-dual codes are also characterized. It is shown that there are self-dual and MDS group codes over elementary abelian groups which can not be obtained as linear codes over finite fields. Received March 7, 1995; revised version April 3, 1996     

Discrete-ordinated finite-element method for atmospheric radiative transfer and remote sensing

Advantages and disadvantages of modern discrete-ordinates finite-element methods for the solution of radiative transfer problems in meteorology, climatology, and remote sensing applications are evaluated. After the common basis of the formulation of radiative transfer problems in the fields of neutron transport and atmospheric optics is established, the essential features of the discrete-ordinates finite-element method are described including the limitations of the method and their remedies. Numerical results are presented for 1-D and 2-D atmospheric radiative transfer problems where integral as well as angular dependent quantities are compared with published results from other calculations and with measured data. These comparisons provide a verification of the discrete-ordinates results for a wide spectrum of cases with varying degrees of absorption, scattering, and anisotropic phase functions. Accuracy and computational speed are also discussed. Since practically all discrete-ordinates codes offer a builtin adjoint capability, the general concept of the adjoint method is described and illustrated by sample problems. Our general conclusion is that the strengths of the discrete-ordinates finite-element method outweight its weaknesses. We demonstrate that existing general-purpose discrete-ordinates codes can provide a powerful tool to analyze radiative transfer problems through the atmosphere, especially when 2-D geometries must be considered.