吸附等温线的理论预测

根据Ｐｏｌａｎｙｉ势能理论，对运用某温度焉吸附等温线的实验数据推算其他温度下的吸附等温线的算法进行了探索。计算表明，ＣＣＯＲ方程适合低温下吸附质为空气时的吸附等温线的推算，并较其他方程精确。本文的算法可在工程上推广应用。     

Mn掺杂BaTiO_3基PTCR陶瓷相变的EPR研究

为了探索利用ＥＰＲ谱线对ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷的相变及ＰＴＣ效应的机制研究的可能性,本文对接 Ｍｎ的 ＢａＴｉＯ３基正温度系数热敏电阻（简称ＰＴＣＲ）陶瓷在 １２０～４５０Ｋ温度范围内的电子顺磁共振谱进行了研究．得出了 Ｍｎ２＋离子 ＥＰＲ信号强度、 ｇ因子值和超精细耦合常数｜Ａ｜值的温度分布,发现ＥＰＲ参数与ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷相变有明显的对应关系,并给出微观结构上的初步解释．研究表明ＥＰＲ谱线以及精细结构的分析可以为ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷的相变机制以及ＰＴＣ效应的机制研究提供新的途径．     

耐辐射聚丙烯吹塑饮料瓶的生产

耐辐射聚丙烯吹塑饮料瓶的生产宋建民ＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＴＰＰＢＬＯＷＭＯＵＬＤＢＯＴＴＬＥＳＦＯＲＳＯＦＴＤＲＩＮＫＳ￥ＳｏｎｇＪｉａｎｍｉｎＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｎｏｔｃａｐａｂｌｅｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ...     

电子顺磁共振波谱仪

1　引　　言电子顺磁共振 (ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＰａｒａｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ,简称ＥＰＲ) ,亦称电子自旋共振 (ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎＳｐｉｎＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ ,简称ＥＳＲ)是直接检测和研究含有未成对电子的顺磁性物质的现代分析方法。自从物理学家柴伏依斯基 (Ｚａｖｏｉｓｋｙ)于 1945年首次提出了检测ＥＰＲ信号的实验方法 ,发表了ＭｎＣｌ2 、Ｍｎ ＳＯ4 、ＣｕＣｌ2 、ＣｕＳＯ4 ·5Ｈ2 Ｏ等顺磁性盐类的研究结果以来 ,电子顺磁共振已有五十多年的历史。在半个多世纪中 ,ＥＰＲ的理论、实验技术和仪器结构性能等诸方面都有…     

组成对R_2O-CaO-ZnO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统分相的影响

通过大量的配方实验和ＯＭ、ＴＥＭ观察,系统研究了Ｒ２Ｏ－ＣａＯ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统分相与组成间的相互关系．研究结果表明,Ｋ２Ｏ比Ｎａ２Ｏ更有利于系统的分相,用Ｎａ２Ｏ等摩尔取代Ｋ２Ｏ时,分相区向低铝高硅区收缩．此外,系统分相区大小还明显受到ＺｎＯ、ＣａＯ相对含量的影响,高锌系统具有更为宽广的分相区．Ａｌ２Ｏ３对Ｒ２Ｏ－ＣａＯ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统分相影响呈现出明显的反常现象．在ＺｎＯ含量为０．５５ｍｏｌ的系统中,当Ｒ２Ｏ由０．１０ｍｏｌＫ２Ｏ＋０．１０ｍｏｌ Ｎａ２Ｏ共同引入时,分相区大小和分相结构尺度都呈现出明显的铝反常现象,而Ｒ２Ｏ仅由 ０．２０ｍｏｌＫ２Ｏ引入时;仅分相结构尺度呈现出明显的铝反常现象,反常点的 Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量约为 ６．２０ｍｏｌ％．在一定的热处理条件下,适当增加 ＳｉＯ２的含量有利于系统分相,但当 ＳｉＯ２的含量过高时,分相将由连通结构逐渐转变为孤立相分布于连续基质相中的液滴状结构,甚至消失．     

高容量SiO2掺杂的（Ba,Pb）TiO3基高居里温度PTCR陶瓷

在制备高质量的（Ｂａ，Ｐｂ）ＴｉＯ＿３基高居里温度ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷时，一般采用铅气氛烧结方法。但是，这种烧结工艺制成的产品的相对成本是高的。作者的实验表明，高容量ＳｉＯ＿２掺杂烧结方法也可以用于制备高质量的（Ｂａ，Ｐｂ）ＴｉＯ＿３基高居里温度ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷。本文主要报道高容量ＳｉＯ＿２对（Ｂａ，Ｐｂ）ＴｉＯ＿３基高居里温度ＰＴＣＲ陶瓷烧结工艺和电特性的影响。     

天然气液化流程中的汽液相平衡计算

在天然气液化流程中，不可避免地涉及到天然气和制冷工质的相平衡计算。利用ＳＲＫ方程计算了烃类混合物的相平衡特性。计算结果与国外实验数据作了比较，计算值与实验值吻合得很好，说明用ＳＲＫ方程计算烃类混合物的相平衡特性是合理的。还计算了不同压力和温度下烃类混合物的相平衡。本计算程序能智能判别某一状态是处于两相区还是单相区。     

MgO—B2O3—SiO2—Al2O3—CaO中含硼组分析晶动力学

根据玻璃形成动力学理论，计算了ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ渣系中含硼组分２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３的成核速度（Ｉ）和晶体长大速度（Ｕ），获得了２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３晶体形成的最佳温度．采用化学分析、Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）和差热分析（ＤＴＡ）等方法研究了热处理温度对ＭｇＯ—Ｂ２Ｏ３—ＳｉＯ２—Ａｌ２Ｏ３—ＣａＯ渣系硼提取率的影响．结果表明：硼渣最佳热处理温度与２ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３晶体形成最佳温度一致。     

MSnO_3和MSn_（0．5）Zr_（0．5）O_3（M＝Sr，Ba）的水热合

本文利用水热合成方法对ＭＳｎＯ３和ＭＳｎ（０．５）Ｚｒ（０．５）Ｏ３（Ｍ＝Ｓｒ，Ｂａ）的合成进行了研究，并采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＩＣＰ等方法对产物进行了表征，结果表明：在Ｍ（ＯＨ）２－ＳｎＯ２（或ＳｎＯ２＋ＺｒＯ２）－ＫＯＨ体系中，当ＫＯＨ／Ｓｎ和ＫＯＨ／（Ｓｎ＋Ｚｒ）≥３０时，２６０℃下晶化５～７天，可获得ＭＳｎＯ３和ＭＳｎ（０．５）Ｚｒ（０．５）Ｏ３纯相，在Ｍ（ＯＨ）２－（ＳｎＯ２＋ＺｒＯ２）－ＫＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，可通过控制介质碱度来获得ＭＳｎＯ３＋ＭＺｒＯ３混合物和ＭＳｎ（０．５）Ｚｒ（０．５）Ｏ３，并根据合成规律初步探讨了反应过程．     

机械制造企业怎样选择数据库管理系统DBMS

根据济南二机床集团公司应用计算机建立信息管理系统十多年的经验，指出关系型ＤＭＢＳ系统必须有类似ＳＱＬ的第四代主同级语言来支持，ＯＲＡＣＬＥＲＤＢＭＳ是标准的关系型ＤＭＢＳ的数据操纵语言。介绍了济南二机床集团应用ＯＲＣＡＬＥＲＤＢＭＳ的实例。     

An Equation of State for Fluoroethane (R161)

Fluoroethane (R161, C₂H₅F, 353-36-6) is a potential alternative refrigerant with excellent cycle performance, with zero ozone-depletion potential and low global warming potential. In this study, the thermodynamic property formulation for fluoroethane has been developed with the use of available experimental thermodynamic property data. In determining the equation of state, multiproperty fitting methods were used including single-phase pressure–density–temperature (pρT), vapor pressure, and saturated liquid-density data. The equation of state has been developed to conform to the Maxwell criterion for two-phase liquid–vapor equilibrium states, and is valid for temperatures from 130 K to 450 K, and pressures to 5 MPa. The extrapolation behavior of the equation of state at high temperatures and high pressures is reasonable. As there are very few compressed liquid-density experimental data published, the uncertainties in density of the equation of state are estimated to be 2.0 % in the compressed-liquid region and 0.5 % in the gas and supercritical regions. Uncertainties in vapor pressure are 0.5 % above 200 K and increase at lower temperatures. The uncertainties for all properties are higher in the critical region, except vapor pressure. Detailed comparisons between experimental and calculated data have been performed in this study.     

PAN基ACF的孔结构表征

通过在７７．４Ｋ下的Ｎ２吸附对连续化工制备的聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维孔结构进行了考察,采用 Ｄｕｂｉｎｉｎ－Ｒａｄｕｓｈｋｅｖｉｃｈ方程,Ｈｏｒｖａｔｈ－Ｋａｗａｚｏｅ方程及密度函数理论对其孔结构参数诸如此表面积,微孔表面积,孔容及孔径分布者表征。     

ZSM-5沸石分子筛的高压吸附储氢特性

研究了ZSM-5沸石分子筛对氢的超临界吸附特性．结果表明，在77K／5MPa、195K／7MPa、293K／7MPa条件下，ZSM-5沸石分子筛的储氢质量分数分别为1．97％、0．65％和0．4％．用Clausius-Clapeyron方程求得的等量吸附热（3．8kJ／mol）与吸附量无关，表明该分子筛是一种表面势场均匀的吸附剂．将表面过剩吸附理论与描述Ⅰ型等温线的诸理论模型结合，分析了超临界吸附等温线，发现基于Toth方程的等温线模型在整个实验范围内与实验数据吻合较好，由该模型计算出的氢吸附相密度在77K达到55．6kg／m^3．根据回归参数讨论了超临界条件下氢在微孔沸石分子筛中的吸附机理，确认了氢在微孔沸石分子筛中的吸附为物理吸附．     

A New Simplified Local Density Model for Adsorption of Pure Gases and Binary Mixtures

Adsorption modeling is an important tool for process simulation and design. Many theoretical models have been developed to describe adsorption data for pure and multicomponent gases. The simplified local density (SLD) approach is a thermodynamic model that can be used with any equation of state and offers some predictive capability with adjustable parameters for modeling of slit-shaped pores. In previous studies, the SLD model has been utilized with the Lennard–Jones potential function for modeling of fluid–solid interactions. In this article, we have focused on application of the Sutherland potential function in an SLD–Peng–Robinson model. The advantages and disadvantages of using the new potential function for adsorption of methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and three binary mixtures on two types of activated carbon are illustrated. The results have been compared with previous models. It is shown that the new SLD model can correlate adsorption data for different pressures and temperatures with minimum error.     

Thermodynamic Properties for R-404A

An 18-coefficient modified Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state has been developed for R-404A, a ternary mixture of 44% by mass of pentafluoroethane (R-125), 52% by mass of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), and 4% by mass of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Correlations of bubble point pressures, dew point pressures, saturated liquid densities, and saturated vapor densities are also presented. This equation of state has been developed based on the reported experimental data of PVT properties, saturation properties, and isochoric heat capacities by using least-squares fitting. These correlations are valid in the temperature range from 250 K to the critical temperature. This equation of state is valid at pressures up to 19 MPa, densities to 1300 kg·m^–3, and temperatures from 250 to 400 K. The thermodynamic properties except for the saturation pressures are calculated from this equation of state.     

A fundamental equation of state for 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a)

A fundamental equation ofstale for HFC-152a ( 1,1-dilluorocthane) is presented covering temperatures between the triple-point temperature ( 154.56 K) and 435 K for pressures up to 311 M Pa. The equation is based on reliable (p, g, T) data in the range mentioned above. These are generally represented within ±0.1 % of density. Furthermore. experimental values of the vapor pressure, the saturated liquid density, and some isobaric heat capacities in the liquid were included during the correlation process. The new equation of state is compared with experimental data and also with the equation of state developed by Tamatsu et al. Differences between the two equations of state generally result from using different experimental input data. It is shown that the new equation of state allows an accurate calculation of various thermodynamic properties for most technical applications.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder. Colorado. U.S.A.     

A new equation of state for rubidium vapors at temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 4 MPa

Statistical matching is performed of a wide range of diverse experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of saturated and superheated rubidium vapors at temperatures up to 1650 K. The parametric models used in the matching of data include the equation of state in the virial form and equations in the form of group expansions in terms of degrees of activity. Values of the second virial and group coefficients are obtained using new spectroscopic data on the singlet potential of rubidium atoms in the ground electron state. The equation of state in the form of expansion of density in terms of degrees of activity is used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic functions and estimate their confidence errors at temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 4 MPa.     

A Rational Helmholtz Fundamental Equation of State for Difluoromethane with an Intermolecular Potential Background

A new fundamental thermodynamic equation of state for difluoromethane was developed by considering the intermolecular potential behavior for improving the reliability in the gaseous phase. Reliable second and third virial coefficients are introduced in accordance with the principle of a unified relation of the intermolecular potential energy and the fundamental equation of state. The fundamental equation of state is able to provide reliable thermodynamic properties even at low temperatures or in the region near saturation where precise and accurate experimental data are not available. The estimated uncertainties of calculated properties from the equation of state are 0.07% in density for the liquid phase, 0.1% in pressure for the gaseous phase, 0.35% in pressure for the supercritical region, 0.07% in vapor pressure, 0.2% in saturated-liquid density, 0.7% in saturated-vapor density, 0.01% in speed of sound for the gaseous phase, 0.7% in speed of sound for the liquid phase, and 0.6% in isochoric specific heat for the liquid phase. The equation is valid for temperatures from the triple point to 450 K and pressures up to 72 MPa.     

Cryogenic adsorption of nitrogen on activated carbon: Experiment and modeling

A cryo-sorption device was built based on a commercial gas sorption analyzer with its sample chamber connected to the 2nd stage of the Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler (by SUMITOMO Corporation), which could provide the operation temperature ranging from 4.5 K to 300 K; The nitrogen adsorption isotherms ranging from 95 to 160 K were obtained by volumetric method on the PICATIF activated carbon. Isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and was around 8 kJ/mol. Conventional isotherm models and the artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to analyze the adsorption data, the Dual-site Langmuir and the Toth equation turned out to be the most suitable empirical isotherm model; Adsorption equilibrium data at some temperature was used to train the neural network and the rest was used to validate and predict, it turned out that the accuracy of the prediction by the ANN increased with increasing hidden-layer, and it was within ±5% for the three-hidden-layer ANN, and it showed better performance than the conventional isotherm model; Considering large time consumption and complexity of the adsorption experiment, the ANN method can be applied to get more adsorption data based on the already known experimental data.