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1.
我国工业固体废物资源化战略研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文针对我国工业固体废物产生量大、综合利用不足的突出问题,研究了我国资源开发、工业活动与工业固体废物产生的客观规律,以及未来发展趋势和资源化利用潜力。针对我国在工业固体废物资源化管理模式、法制体系建设、经济调节措施、技术及产业市场等方面存在的突出问题,结合我国生态文明建设中关于环境保护和资源循环利用的总体要求,提出了应将工业固体废物资源化战略作为我国资源、环境战略重要补充的总体战略目标,并提出了未来的发展路线图、阶段目标及重点任务。  相似文献   

2.
我国固体废物产生量大,如不进行妥善处理和利用,将对环境造成严重污染,对资源造成极大浪费,对社会造成恶劣影响。而固体废物是放错位置的资源,如能将其减量化、资源化,建设"无废社会",必将带来显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。本文通过分析我国建设"无废社会"的重大意义和存在的问题,结合可行性论证,提出要通过"无废城市"试点推动固体废物的资源化利用,逐步建设"无废社会",并从加强顶层设计、夯实基础、明确阶段目标、加大政策支持力度等方面提出了战略建议。  相似文献   

3.
固体废物的减量化和资源化利用水平是国家进步和现代化水平的标志。我国在长期生产和生活中产生的巨量固体废物还没有得到很好解决,且固体废物年产生量有逐年增长态势。本文丰富了"无废社会"的概念和内涵,认为"无废社会"不是全社会固体废物产生量为零,而是固体废物高度资源化利用。其内涵为:以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念为指导,通过推动形成绿色循环发展方式和生活方式,最大限度推进固体废物源头减量、资源化利用和无害化处理的社会发展模式。本文还进一步明确了"无废社会"的边界和范围,描绘了"无废社会"特征,提出了从"无废城市"走向"无废社会"的总体思路和方向。最后从充分协作、加强监管;倡导勤俭节约的生活理念;加强国际交流与互动,积极参与全球环境治理体系建设等方面提出了政策措施建议。  相似文献   

4.
铁尾矿作为大宗工业固体废物,随着资源化利用程度的提高,标准在资源化利用中正发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从国家宏观政策部署、标准制修订现状、标准化技术组织建设三方面总结了目前我国铁尾矿资源化利用标准化的现状,并从标准化推动高质量发展的角度提出了对策建议,对推动铁尾矿资源化利用向高效、集约和规范化发展具有重要现实意义。  相似文献   

5.
生态文明建设若干战略问题研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为全面深刻地研究我国生态文明建设的状况,围绕党和国家对生态文明建设的新要求,本文从绿色环境、绿色生产、绿色生活、绿色治理四个方面对全国337个地级及以上城市的生态文明状况进行评估,结果表明我国生态文明发展整体水平不容乐观;针对资源环境承载力与经济社会发展布局、固体废物分类资源化利用、农业发展方式转变与美丽乡村建设三个重点领域,进行了深入分析,提出了相应的发展战略与任务,可为国家生态文明建设的宏观决策提供支撑。  相似文献   

6.
我国农村废弃物分类资源化利用战略研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文围绕我国农村废弃物分类资源化利用问题,论述了农村废弃物的产生、危害以及资源化利用的重要意义,评估了我国农村废弃物的产生量、地区分布特征及资源化利用情况,深入分析了农村废弃物资源化利用存在的突出问题,结合美丽乡村建设及农村废弃物资源化利用的发展趋势,制定了农村废弃物资源化利用的发展战略及分阶段目标,提出了我国未来农村废弃物资源化开发利用的保障措施和政策建议。  相似文献   

7.
正生态环境部新闻发言人刘友宾6月30日在北京表示,自2021年起,中国全面禁止固体废物进口,生态环境部将不再受理和审批固体废物进口相关申请。2017年7月,国务院办公厅印发《禁止洋垃圾入境推进固体废物进口管理制度改革实施方案》,提出全面禁止洋垃圾入境,推进固体废物进口管理制度改革,促进国内固体废物无害化、资源化利用,保护生态环境安全和民众身体健康。  相似文献   

8.
正4月29日,十三届全国人大常委会第十七次会议通过了修订后的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》,自2020年9月1日起施行。新修订的固废法明确固体废物污染环境防治强化政府及其有关部门监督管理责任,完善了工业固体废物、生活垃圾、危险废物、建筑垃圾、农业固体废物等污染环境防治制度,健全了保障机制,严格了法律责任。此次修改的固废法,在立法目的上明确写入为了保护和改善生态环境、推进生态文明建设。提出国家推行绿色发展方式、推行生活垃圾分类制度。坚持固体废物污染环境防治减量化、资源化和无害化原则,  相似文献   

9.
污水厂在处理污水的同时会产生大量的剩余污泥,未经稳定处理的污泥将对环境产生严重的二次污染。根据世界各国污泥处理技术发展的趋势和我国相关政策的导向,污泥资源化是未来污泥处理的主流。文中介绍了国内外污泥资源化技术的发展近况,对现有的污泥资源化技术进行了分类,以期为今后污泥的资源化利用与污染防治提供借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
传统的城市建设和运行往往会产生大量废物,如不进行妥善处理,将对环境、资源和社会造成不利影响,而建设"无废社会"可实现能源、环境、经济和社会的共赢。"无废社会"是社会进步程度的重要标志,也是社会进步必然达到的目标。雄安新区建设是千年大计、国家大事,本文提出要率先以"无废"理念规划和开发雄安新区,打造典范和标杆,为全面建设"无废社会"打下基础。本文在分析了建设"无废雄安新区"重大意义的基础上,从优化能源和产业布局、构建固体废物分类资源化利用体系和建立社会治理制度等方面提出了建设思路,并对建设"无废雄安新区"提出了几点战略建议。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.  相似文献   

12.
13.
A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.  相似文献   

14.
A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.  相似文献   

15.
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……  相似文献   

16.
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……  相似文献   

17.
We associate a variety of innovations with the term "Industry 4.0". The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...  相似文献   

18.
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.  相似文献   

20.
The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...  相似文献   

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