静电纺工艺参数对含银PA6纳米纤维直径的影响

为了研究静电纺工艺参数对含银PA6纳米纤维直径分布的影响,采用静电纺丝技术,在不同含银量、纺丝液质量分数、纺丝电压、接收距离(C-SD)、喷嘴直径条件下制备出含银PA6纳米纤维膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)及相关软件分析纳米纤维直径分布及形态,在银溶胶质量分数0.2%～0.4%、纺丝液质量分数10%～16%、纺丝电压12～21kV、接收距离9～18cm、喷嘴直径0.5～1.2mm的实验范围内,纳米纤维的平均直径为70～90nm;纳米纤维直径随银溶胶质量分数的增加而减小,随纺丝液质量分数的增加而增大,随喷嘴直径的增大而增大;电压和接收距离对纳米纤维直径的影响较小.     

溶液静电纺丝制备热塑性聚酰亚胺超细纤维无纺布

为实现热塑性聚酰亚胺(LPI)无纺布的宏量制备奠定基础,以N-N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术成功制备了平均直径范围为0.36~1.47μm的LPI超细纤维,系统探讨了纺丝液浓度、流速以及纺丝电压等工艺条件对LPI纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果表明:随着浓度从22%(质量分数,下同)增加到30%,LPI纤维的平均直径显著增大,同时直径分布逐渐变宽,并且在纺丝溶液浓度较低时,有纺锤状纤维存在,随着溶液浓度上升,纺锤状纤维消失,随浓度继续上升,纤维开始产生粘连。纺丝电压的改变对纤维的形貌和平均直径变化不显著;随着流速增加,纤维平均直径随之增大,当流速大于1.5mL/h时,开始出现纤维粘连,大于1.8mL/h时,出现纺锤状纤维。通过优化工艺条件,在LPI浓度28%,电压15kV,流速1.2mL/h,温度30℃,接收距离25cm条件下,制备了平均直径为1.18μm的纤维。     

静电纺丝制备聚合物超细纤维的研究及应用

静电纺丝是一种制备聚合物超细纤维的有效方法,并可直接获得直径达5～500nm的超细纤维膜.综述了静电纺丝的发展过程、基本原理和研究现状,介绍了静电纺丝超细纤维膜微观形貌的影响因素及其应用前景.     

静电纺丝制备竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维及应用

利用氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(LiCl/DMAc)溶剂体系先后溶解竹纤维素和聚丙烯腈(PAN),配成纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术成功制备出直径为130 nm~450 nm的竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维。通过研究竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维平均直径与纺丝参数关系发现,该超细纤维的平均直径随着竹纤维素浓度的增大而增大,随纺丝电压的增大而减小,随纺丝距离的增大而减小,且最佳纺丝参数是竹纤维素质量分数为0.8%,纺丝电压为16 kV,接收距离为14 cm。采用该复合纤维制成夹心净化材料并做过滤测试发现,其过滤效率随着夹心层中超细纤维的膜密度和浊液的起始浊度值增加而增大,最大过滤效率可达99.5%。     

静电纺丝制备竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维及应用EI北大核心CSCD

利用氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(LiCl/DMAc)溶剂体系先后溶解竹纤维素和聚丙烯腈(PAN),配成纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术成功制备出直径为130 nm^450 nm的竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维。通过研究竹纤维素/PAN超细纤维平均直径与纺丝参数关系发现,该超细纤维的平均直径随着竹纤维素浓度的增大而增大,随纺丝电压的增大而减小,随纺丝距离的增大而减小,且最佳纺丝参数是竹纤维素质量分数为0.8%,纺丝电压为16 kV,接收距离为14 cm。采用该复合纤维制成夹心净化材料并做过滤测试发现,其过滤效率随着夹心层中超细纤维的膜密度和浊液的起始浊度值增加而增大,最大过滤效率可达99.5%。     

电纺聚丙烯腈纤维毡的制备与性能表征

以聚丙烯腈为原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为有机溶剂,用静电纺丝方法纺制聚丙烯腈纤维毡,并测试了纤维毡的平均孔径和直径,研究了纺丝液浓度、施加电压、接收距离对孔径和纤维直径的影响,实验表明:施加电压、接收距离对平均孔径影响较大,纺丝液浓度对其的影响次之;纺丝液浓度是影响纤维直径的一个重要参数。正交试验得出的最佳工艺:纺丝液浓度12%(wt,质量分数)、施加电压15kV、接收距离165mm;此工艺下纺制的纤维毡中,孔径和纤维直径小且集中,纤维毡均匀度好。     

二醋酸(SCA)纳米纤维的制备与性能表征

为了研究二醋酸纳米纤维的制备方法和性能,采用静电纺丝技术,选择丙酮和二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,制备出直径分布均匀的SCA纳米纤维膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)及相关软件,分析纳米纤维直径分布及形态;在静电纺电压为16kV、纺丝液质量分数为11%、接收距离(C-SD)为12cm的条件下,纺出连续均匀的纳米纤维,其直径分布在200～300nm之间;对二醋酸纳米纤维膜进行透气性测试发现,纳米纤维膜的透气性与中性定性滤纸的透气性相当.     

静电纺多孔/无孔二醋纤复合膜的制备及过滤性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术,借助高挥发溶剂的制孔性,制备了多孔超细二醋酸纤维。通过调控纺丝过程中多孔超细二醋酸纤维和无孔纳米二醋酸纤维的比例,制备了不同交叉结构的多孔超细/无孔纳米二醋纤复合膜。通过扫描电镜观察纤维膜的形貌,利用电导率仪测试纺丝液电导率,运用黏度计测试纺丝液的黏度,利用多孔材料孔径分析仪测试复合膜的孔径分布,通过滤料综合性能测试台测试不同空气流量下复合膜的过滤性能。结果表明:随着无孔纳米纤维在复合膜中比例的增加,复合膜的孔径分布范围变窄,孔径减小,堆积密度增加;过滤效率和过滤阻力都呈增大的趋势;当纺丝过程中,多孔超细纤维与无孔纳米纤维纺丝针管数目比例为1∶2时,所制备的复合膜具有最好的品质因数,在空气流量为80L/min时,其过滤阻力仅为280Pa,过滤效率可达99.472%。     

静电纺聚醚砜纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

配制不同浓度的聚醚砜(PES)纺丝液,在不同纺丝温度和进液速度下,采用静电纺丝技术制备PES纳米纤维膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察膜表面的微观形貌,探究纺丝液浓度、进液速度和纺丝温度等条件对纤维的形貌、直径和孔径分布等的影响。结果表明:当纺丝液浓度为28%(质量分数),推进速度为1mL/h,纺丝温度为45℃时,纺丝效果最佳。分别采用电子万能试验机和泡压法滤膜孔径分析仪对优化条件下制得的PES纳米纤维膜的力学性能、通孔孔径及孔径分布进行测试,发现该条件下所得PES纳米纤维膜的弹性模量为33.4MPa,断裂伸长率为38.63%,拉伸屈服应力为3.47MPa;纤维平均直径为0.723μm,平均孔径为3.5689μm,最可几孔径为3.5655μm。静电纺PES纳米纤维膜有望作为高精度滤膜材料使用。     

电纺丝技术制备纳米/亚微米级取向纤维

静电纺丝是一种制备直径在纳米级到微米级超细纤维的新技术。普通的静电纺丝装置制备出的是无纺布状超细纤维,但有些场合需要使用取向纤维,因此文中介绍了制备取向纤维的方法,并成功地采用自制装置制备出取向的纳米/亚微米纤维,研究了电纺丝参数,如纺丝电压、溶液浓度、接收距离等对纤维取向的影响,最后对取向原理进行了简单分析。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.