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高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)消融实体肿瘤已在临床治疗中展示出良好的应用前景。HIFU消融肿瘤技术由于其使靶区肿瘤组织瞬时升温至60℃以上,产生不可逆性凝固性坏死,同时不影响靶区外正常组织而被广泛应用。目前治疗用超声主要使用单频率高强度聚焦超声,但其临床应用的主要限制是靶区组织消融时间较长,靶区外正常组织损伤风险较大。缩短靶区组织消融时间,对于提高HIFU治疗效率,更好地应用于临床较为关键。在总结HIFU换能器的特性和影响HIFU治疗因素的基础上,综述了应用不同类型的双频HIFU换能器强空化和缩短靶区组织消融时间等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)的医学应用研究和临床实践,经过20多年的发展,不断提高,逐步完善,取得长足进步。各种高强度治疗超声(HITU)设备产品纷纷涌现。促成了2005年我国国家标准《GB/T19890—2005高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)声功率和声场特性的测量》的制定,也引起了国际电工委员会(IEC)87技术委员会(TC87:超声学)第六工作组(WG6:聚焦换能器)和第八工作组(WG8:超声场测量)以及国际同行专家的重视。 相似文献
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目的初步探讨高强度聚焦超声对裸鼠卵巢癌皮下移植瘤治疗前后的超声和磁共振变化.方法HIFU治疗裸鼠卵巢癌模型12例,高强度聚焦超声治疗肿瘤外侧1/2,治疗前后进行超声和磁共振检查.结果(1)治疗前肿瘤组织超声表现为低回声,彩色和能量多普勒检测肿瘤内部及周边均有少许血流信号;治疗后肿瘤组织回声增强,彩色和能量多普勒检测肿瘤治疗区域内部及周边均无血流信号.(2)磁共振检查治疗区域肿瘤组织增强后未见明显强化.结论HIFU能准确破坏卵巢肿瘤,治疗过程中超声定位准确、方便,治疗后磁共振有助于评价其疗效,为临床应用提供实验依据. 相似文献
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目的:观察兔VX2移植性骨肿瘤经高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)治疗前后超声造影的图像变化,以评价高强度聚焦超声治疗骨肿瘤的疗效。方法:将VX2瘤块植入20只兔的右侧胫骨髓腔内,三周后进行HIFU治疗。治疗前后均推注超声微泡造影剂,对肿瘤治疗前后的超声造影图像进行比较。结果:治疗前超声造影显示,右侧胫骨髓内肿瘤快速、明显强化,与周边组织分界清楚,测得病灶平均大小为,上下径(17.614±0.955)mm,前后径(10.414±1.142)mm。治疗后造影,治疗区域显示为造影剂灌注缺损区,平均范围为上下径(8.010±0.584)mm,前后径(7.540±0.499)mm,未经治疗的肿瘤组织仍有超声造影剂灌注。结论:超声造影成像清楚地显示肿瘤范围以及治疗后灌注缺损区的大小,通过反映治疗后肿瘤的血供改变来评价HIFU治疗肿瘤的疗效。 相似文献
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高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗肿瘤过程中,根据组织损伤程度调整HIFU治疗剂量非常重要.本文从信号处理的角度出发,提出基于超声散射回波能量和声衰减系数并结合BP神经网络监测生物组织损伤程度的方法.将高强度聚焦超声打击新鲜猪肉组织前后获得的散射回波通过A/D转换输入到计算机,对接收到的组织散射回波信号进行预处理,再从中提取出超声散射回波能量和声衰减系数参量信息,比较不同参量对损伤程度的辨识效果.实验结果表明:综合超声散射回波能量和声衰减系数特征并输入BP神经网络,相对于仅使用某种特征参数而言能更好地监测HIFU治疗中生物组织的损伤程度,尤其在组织损伤严重时优势更加明显. 相似文献
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子宫肌瘤是育龄期女性最常见的良性肿瘤,高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)作为一种微创治疗技术,已经广泛运用于子宫肌瘤的治疗,但是对于某些特殊类型的肌瘤消融效率较低,并导致很多严重的并发症。这类肌瘤在二维灰阶超声、多普勒超声、超声造影方面有特殊的表现。对上述超声影像方法在预测HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤疗效中的作用进行了综述。但各种超声影像学技术存在一定误差,提供子宫肌瘤内部微血管灌注信息仍不完全,在未来研究中可使用包括微血管成像技术(Superb Micro-vascular Imaging,SMI)、造影剂微血管灌注成像(Contrast Micro-Imaging,CMI)、磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)多种技术在内的多模态分析,为HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤疗效预测提供更多参考和信息。 相似文献
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研究了低场永磁磁共振(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)导引的高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)系统,使两者融合为一体。把磁共振的磁体设计为U字形,这样HIFU治疗头就可以放置于磁共振开口的上方;同时,在磁兼容、磁共振的快速成像、磁共振的测温、相控阵换能器、HIFU的治疗计划等方面做了一些研究。研究结果表明,在低场永磁的磁共振导引下,可以实现系统的所有设计功能,系统定位的图像比上一代B超导引的HIFU清晰,提高了实用性。 相似文献
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为研究高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)作用下组织温度上升规律,建立了高强度聚焦声场和组织温度场有限元仿真模型,并通过体外辐照实验对仿真模型进行了验证。通过仿真对水和组织域中的聚焦声场进行建模,计算吸收声能并将其用作热源以计算组织内的温升。进一步制备仿生物组织凝胶体模,利用热电偶进行HIFU作用下体模组织焦点处的测温。结果表明:该模型可有效预测HIFU治疗时的温度上升,与实验所得温度误差不超过 3℃;体模组织受到超声辐照时温度会立即升高,起初温升速率较快,随着辐照时间延长,温升速率逐渐降低,停止辐照后温度立即下降。 相似文献
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生物分层组织是高强度聚焦超声治疗中最常见的声通道组织。通过研究生物组织对声学焦域的影响,可以为高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)治疗安全性和可靠性提供理论依据。基于Westervelt方程,利用频域和时域有限元算法仿真HIFU治疗过程中超声透过分层组织后的焦域变化,并用新鲜离体猪肉组织进行实验验证。结果表明:生物组织声学特性的差异性和结构的不均一性使HIFU的声学焦域位置发生改变,尤其在声焦平面内,相对2.5mm的焦域宽度,1mm的偏移量将会对HIFU治疗精准性产生影响;声通道中存在生物组织,超声声束不会发生扩散,没有散焦现象,焦域宽度维持在2.38~2.79mm范围内;HIFU透射生物组织,声学焦域的非线性有明显的减弱,谐波次数越高,衰减程度越大,实验中基波声衰减值为9.97dB,二次谐波声衰减值为22.33dB,三次谐波声衰减值为28.05dB,四次谐波声衰减值为31.06dB,五次谐波已衰减消失。 相似文献
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Hosseini SH Zheng X Vaezy S 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2011,58(6):1203-1210
The paper describes experimental and numerical studies of the effects of gas pockets on a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) field. Air bubbles ranging from 0.8 to 2.4 mm in radius were produced in transparent polyacrylamide tissue-mimicking gels. A single-element 3.5-MHz HIFU transducer was used to sonicate the gel phantoms. The changes in the HIFU beam pattern for air bubbles at different positions were visualized by the Schlieren method. Quantitative measurements of pressure at the HIFU focus by a calibrated needle hydrophone showed considerable reduction in the focal pressure with the presence of an air pocket. The presence of a single 1.2-mm-radius air bubble, at a 5 mm axial pre-focal position, reduced the focal intensity by 50% and increased the lateral focal dimension by 50%. For air bubbles at pre-focal position close to the focus, lesion formation was observed not at the theoretical focus, but in front of the air bubble and the air bubble became a barrier for the post-focal ultrasound propagation. The effects of reflection were simulated numerically and were compared with the experiments. The results can be used as guidelines for evaluation of potential safety concerns produced by trapped gas-pockets in various HIFU therapies. 相似文献
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Kohei Okita Ryuta Narumi Takashi Azuma Shu Takagi Yoichiro Matumoto 《Computational Mechanics》2014,54(4):1023-1033
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used clinically and is under clinical trials to treat various diseases. An advanced HIFU system employs ultrasound techniques for guidance during HIFU treatment instead of magnetic resonance imaging in current HIFU systems. A HIFU beam imaging for monitoring the HIFU beam and a localized motion imaging for treatment validation of tissue are introduced briefly as the real-time ultrasound monitoring techniques. Numerical simulations have a great impact on the development of real-time ultrasound monitoring as well as the improvement of the safety and efficacy of treatment in advanced HIFU systems. A HIFU simulator was developed to reproduce ultrasound propagation through the body in consideration of the elasticity of tissue, and was validated by comparison with in vitro experiments in which the ultrasound emitted from the phased-array transducer propagates through the acrylic plate acting as a bone phantom. As the result, the defocus and distortion of the ultrasound propagating through the acrylic plate in the simulation quantitatively agree with that in the experimental results. Therefore, the HIFU simulator accurately reproduces the ultrasound propagation through the medium whose shape and physical properties are well known. In addition, it is experimentally confirmed that simulation-assisted focus control of the phased-array transducer enables efficient assignment of the focus to the target. Simulation-assisted focus control can contribute to design of transducers and treatment planning. 相似文献
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C. J. Shaw G. R. ter Haar I. H. Rivens D. A. Giussani C. C. Lees 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(95)
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive technology, which can be used occlude blood vessels in the body. Both the theory underlying and practical process of blood vessel occlusion are still under development and relatively sparse in vivo experimental and therapeutic data exist. HIFU would however provide an alternative to surgery, particularly in circumstances where serious complications inherent to surgery outweigh the potential benefits. Accordingly, the HIFU technique would be of particular utility for fetal and placental interventions, where open or endoscopic surgery is fraught with difficulty and likelihood of complications including premature delivery. This assumes that HIFU could be shown to safely and effectively occlude blood vessels in utero. To understand these mechanisms more fully, we present a review of relevant cross-specialty literature on the topic of vascular HIFU and suggest an integrative mechanism taking into account clinical, physical and engineering considerations through which HIFU may produce vascular occlusion. This model may aid in the design of HIFU protocols to further develop this area, and might be adapted to provide a non-invasive therapy for conditions in fetal medicine where vascular occlusion is beneficial. 相似文献
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目的:探讨高强度聚焦超声消融滋养动脉治疗子宫肌瘤的可行性及有效性。方法:47例直径4~10cm肌壁间肌瘤,高强度聚焦超声治疗前通过彩色多普勒及超声造影确定肌瘤滋养动脉的蒂,对该区域进行消融,观察治疗前后肌瘤内部彩色多普勒及超声造影等影像学变化、随访临床症状及并发症。结果:治疗后肌瘤体积有不同程度的缩小,瘤体假包膜环状血流信号消失,肌瘤内部处于持续无灌注状态,部分患者临床症状消失或明显改善。结论:HIFU消融滋养动脉治疗子宫肌瘤能够缩短治疗时间,减少并发症,是一种微创和有效的方法。 相似文献