基于组合权重的灰色关联理想解法及其应用

引入灰色系统理论,对传统理想解法(TOPSIS)进行了拓展,提出了一种基于组合权重的灰色关联理想解法(GC-TOPSIS).利用AHP和熵值法对决策指标进行组合赋权,依据灰色关联分析理论,以灰色关联度为决策单元构造GC-TOPSIS模型,最后通过一个供应商选择的实例验证了方法的有效性和可行性.     

面向多维意象的产品设计方案评估研究

用户的感性诉求日益获得产品设计师和企业决策者的关注,为了使产品开发人员在开发新产品时能满足用户多维复合的感性诉求,提出一种结合熵处理、灰色关联分析和逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)的方法,用于产品设计方案的评估。首先,在运用K-mean聚类分析和因子分析方法分别获得符合用户感性认知的典型样本和典型感性意象的基础上,运用语意差异法获得用户-意象初始评价值;其次,应用信息熵计算评估指标的权重;最后,采用灰色关联分析与TOPSIS相结合的方法实现用户多维意象特定要求下对备选设计方案的排序优选。以3D打印机设计方案优选为例,验证了方法的可行性。研究结果表明,该方法符合用户实际的复杂认知,能有效客观地对产品设计方案进行评估和优选,具有实际应用价值和指导作用。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS模型的青少年解压玩具产品设计研究

目的 为改善青少年日常生活中产生的负面情绪,提出一种针对青少年基于AHP-TOPSIS混合模型设计解压玩具的方法。方法 首先,根据青少年对解压玩具的需求,基于情感化设计理论进行解压玩具需求要素分析,并构建AHP模型,从“本能层、行为层、反思层”3个方面确定子准则层的14个二级指标,计算各设计因素的综合权重;其次,基于高权重设计因素,设计了3款青少年解压玩具方案;最后,结合TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序法)对3款解压玩具方案进行评分,对初始评价矩阵进行加权标准化处理,计算评价对象的正负理想解及相对贴近度,对3个设计方案进行优选。结论 结合AHP(层次分析法)与TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序法)构建的评价模型,有助于排除主观性影响,从系统与层次等多个角度将设计思考过程进行定性与定量分析,使决策中的设计方案更加科学合理,所分析的产品评价体系、提出的设计策略和方案优选方法可以为青少年解压玩具设计提供清晰、客观的参考。     

基于模糊AHP和TOPSIS的企业知识吸收能力评价

建立了企业知识吸收能力的评价指标体系,并提出了基于模糊AHP和TOPSIS的评价方法。借助模糊AHP方法确定评价指标的三角模糊权重,并用重心法对模糊权重进行反模糊化;运用模糊TOPSIS方法构建模糊加权评价矩阵,计算各企业方案与理想解之间的相对贴近度,从而比较出各企业吸收能力强弱。通过实例分析验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

基于灰色关联的产品包装绿色评价的研究

首先给出了绿色包装的定义，然后构建了绿色包装评价体系。在对该评价体系中各指标量化模型的基础上，通过实例分析，运用灰色关联理论对产品包装绿色评价进行了研究。     

立式磨床横梁结构优选设计比较研究基于模糊综合评价法、TOPSIS法和灰色关联分析法

为了合理、高效地进行结构改进及优选设计,采用了模糊综合评价方法、TOPSIS法和灰关联法对多种备选方案进行综合分析．确定评价指标,建立原始数据矩阵;然后采用层次分析法得出各评价指标的权重系数,根据可适应设计原则建立多个评价目标基于上述3种方法的综合性能评价函数,总结3种方法的特点．以某大型立式磨床的横梁设计方案为例,将其12种变型作为评价目标,采用Ansys Workbench有限元分析,将其质量及动静热态特性作为评价指标,编程计算出前述3种方法下12种评价目标的评价结果向量并进行对比,并选出综合考虑3种方法评价结果下的最优方案．结果证明3种方法评选结果基本一致,并且与实际生产所选择方案吻合．比较研究得出,从对结果区分的明显程度来看,模糊综合法最优,其次是灰关联法,TOPSIS法最差．     

绿色产品的群灰色关联分析评价方法研究

分析了绿色产品评价的特点,建立了群灰色关联分析评价方法.绿色产品评价的方法应体现绿色产品功能性、均衡性、差异性和广泛性的特点.通过把属性指标权重和评价者权重引入灰色关联分析,建立了群灰色关联分析方法,不但充分利用了评价指标的客观数据,而且综合考虑了属性指标和评价者之间的相对重要性.实验研究表明,该方法完全适用于绿色产品的评价,为类似绿色产品评价需体现功能性、均衡性、差异性和广泛性特点的多属性综合评价问题提供了一种有效的方法.     

基于灰色关联分析法的线切割机床模块化设计评价研究

目的 为了客观地评价线切割机床外观设计的设计重点,提升实际操作的满意度、操作效率而展开研究。方法 采用灰色关联分析法（GRA）,通过一系列的设计调研、研究分析线切割机床的设计特点和操作存在的问题,得出机床功能模块区域的评价指标,并对各指标进行灰色关联度的定量计算和排序,从而找出机床外观设计的重点功能区域为人机交互的操控区域,在此基础上对操控区域进行重新规划和设计,同时也对机床的其他功能模块区域进行优化设计。最后利用灰色关联系数求得各评价指标的权重,通过模糊综合评价法（FCE）对最终的设计效果进行满意度评价。结论 采用模块化设计评价方法对机床进行设计,优化和重新设计的功能模块区域,可以提高用户体验的整体满意度,能有效解决在实际操作过程中的问题,为线切割机床的外观设计提供客观的数据支撑与参考。     

基于灰色关联TOPSIS法的科研项目评价研究

本文将灰色理论与TOPSIS方法相结合,提出了一种新的科研项目评价选优决策模型,并以实际数据为例进行了实证研究。     

无人机造型设计层次灰关联评价方法研究

目的 立足无人机造型设计市场现状,评价无人机造型设计的合理性,优化无人机造型设计。方法 通过调研构建了完善的层次指标体系,充分地保证了评价内容的全面性。根据指标体系具有一种灰色系统的特点,采用专家评价法确立评价指标以及权重值。选用李克特量计分法和层次分析理论,确立权重系数。运用层次分析法和灰色关联综合评价法针对无人机造型设计进行评价。结果 通过对三款无人机造型设计方案进行设计评价验证,并对方案的质量进行排序,针对评价结果提出意见,进而对方案设计进行优化。优化后的设计方案质量得到明显提升。结论 最终验证结果与评估结果表明,无人机造型设计层次灰关联评价方法具有较强的针对性、完整性和可操作性,可有效提高无人机设计方案的质量和工作效率。     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。     

Heat and Mass Transfer and Modeling and Prediction of Environmental Catastrophes

Basic definitions and concepts of the physicomathematical theory of natural catastrophes are given. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of natural and technogenic catastrophes are discussed in the context of the theory of heat and mass transfer and the mechanics of reacting media. The importance of taking into account conjugate heat and mass exchange in modeling catastrophes is emphasized. A formula for evaluating the probability of a collisional catastrophe is given.     

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.     

CellML and associated tools and techniques

We have, in the last few years, witnessed the development and availability of an ever increasing number of computer models that describe complex biological structures and processes. The multi-scale and multi-physics nature of these models makes their development particularly challenging, not only from a biological or biophysical viewpoint but also from a mathematical and computational perspective. In addition, the issue of sharing and reusing such models has proved to be particularly problematic, with the published models often lacking information that is required to accurately reproduce the published results. The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project was launched in 1997 with the aim of tackling the aforementioned issues by providing a framework for the modelling of the human body. As part of this initiative, the specifications of the CellML mark-up language were released in 2001. Now, more than 7 years later, the time has come to assess the situation, in particular with regard to the tools and techniques that are now available to the modelling community. Thus, after introducing CellML, we review and discuss existing editors, validators, online repository, code generators and simulation environments, as well as the CellML Application Program Interface. We also address possible future directions including the need for additional mark-up languages.     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates

We have synthesized a variety of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatometallates (titanates, zirconates, and hafnates). The alkali fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates have been shown to exhibit efficient roentgenoluminescence (RL) in the UV through visible spectral region, with a maximum at 390–440 nm. Their RL spectra depend significantly on their composition (cation, anion, and water content), coordination of KF and K₂SO₄, and relative amounts of fluorine and SO₄ groups. We have examined the effect of heat treatment on the RL of these compounds. The rubidium and cesium fluorosulfatozirconates Rb₃Zr₂F₉SO₄ · 2H₂O, Cs₂ZrF₂(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O, Cs₈Zr₄F₂(SO₄)₁₁ · 16H₂O, and Cs₂ZrF₄SO₄ offer the most efficient RL.     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

The shape and stability of wall-bound and wall-edge-bound drops and bubbles

The behavior of wall-bound drops and bubbles is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. Key characteristics of such capillary systems include interface shape and stability for a variety of gravity levels and orientations. Significant solutions are in hand for axisymmetric pendent drops for a variety of uniform boundary conditions along the contact line with gravity acting normal to a planar wall. The special case of a wall-bound drop or bubble that is also pinned at an edge (i.e. a ‘wall-edge-bound’ drop) is considered here where numerical solutions are obtained for interface shape and stability as functions of drop volume, contact angle, fluid properties, and uniform gravity vector. For a semi-infinite zero-thickness planar wall (plate), a critical contact angle is identified below which wall-edge-bound drops are always stable. The critical contact angle is computed as a function of the gravity vector. The numerical procedure, which makes no account for contact angle hysteresis, predicts that such wall-edge-bound drops are unconditionally unstable for any gravity field with a component that is tangent to the wall while inwardly normal to the edge. Select experiments are conducted that support the conclusions drawn from the numerical results.