建筑用聚酯玻纤复合材料的制备与性能分析

选择不饱和聚酯树脂为基体材料，以玻璃纤维为增强相，采用模压成型工艺制备了不同玻璃纤维掺杂量(0,5%,10%,15%和20%(质量分数))的聚酯玻纤复合材料，分析了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料的微观形貌、热稳定性、拉伸性能和弯曲性能的影响。结果表明，聚酯玻纤复合材料中玻璃纤维和不饱和聚酯主要以物理作用为主，适量的玻璃纤维掺杂后能与聚酯基材紧密结合，分布具有方向性。随着玻璃纤维掺杂量的增大，聚酯玻纤复合材料的分解温度先增大后减小，且耐热性能提高，当玻璃纤维的掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时，复合材料的T_50%达到最大值368.47℃。力学性能测试表明，随玻璃纤维掺杂量的增大，复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度先增大后减小，断裂延伸率和弯曲强度持续降低，当玻璃纤维的掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时，复合材料的力学性能最优，拉伸强度最大为26.1 MPa,断裂延伸率为2.6%,冲击强度达到最大值8.1 MPa,弯曲强度为30.5 MPa。     

偶联剂处理对玻璃纤维/ 尼龙复合材料力学性能的影响

采用KH-550 和KH-570 两种不同的偶联剂处理玻璃纤维, 得到的玻璃纤维增强铸型(MC) 尼龙复合材料( GFRMCN) 的力学性能差别很大。经过KH-570 处理GFRMCN 力学性能降低, 而经过KH₂550 处理能有效提高其力学性能; KH₂550 质量分数与处理的玻璃纤维质量分数之间符合定量关系式, 含量为0. 2 %时, GFRMCN的弯曲强度提高了35 % , 弯曲模量提高了72 % , 拉伸强度提高了46 % , 弹性模量提高了88 % , 冲击强度提高了41 %。KH-550 偶联剂在玻璃纤维与尼龙基体之间形成良好界面结合, 达到增强效果; 而未经处理的玻璃纤维断裂时从基体中拔出, 玻纤与尼龙界面相当于缺陷, 使MC 尼龙性能下降。      

硅烷偶联剂对玻璃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料性能的影响研究

采用硅烷偶联剂(KH550)对玻璃纤维进行表面处理,并对改性玻纤进行红外分析,结果证明硅烷偶联剂使玻璃纤维表面基团增加。用改性玻纤制备改性玻纤/聚氨酯复合材料,与原玻纤增强聚氨酯材料的力学性能及泡孔结构进行对比。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂处理能够提高玻璃纤维与聚氨酯基体的界面强度,改善玻璃纤维在聚氨酯基体中的分散情况,使玻璃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能提高,同时改善复合材料的泡孔结构。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的表面涂覆改性对其在树脂基体中分散特性的影响

以阴离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐(AEOPK)为处理剂对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维表面进行涂覆改性。通过接触角仪、法拉第筒、场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对碳纤维的表面性质进行了研究。测试结果表明,当处理剂的质量分数和吸附量分别为0.5%和3.5mg/g时,AEOPK可在纤维表面均匀分布,碳纤维在树脂基体中的分散性得到明显改善。分析了处理剂对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料弯曲性能的影响,发现经过涂覆处理后碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料弯曲强度和模量较未处理的试样分别提高了3.11倍和1.90倍。研究表明,碳纤维界面间的润湿力和电荷斥力的增加,是其分散性和复合材料弯曲性能增强的主要原因。     

玻璃纤维静电吸附粘土和成核剂增强聚酰胺66复合材料（英文）

通过静电吸附方法在玻璃纤维(GF)表面吸附粘土和成核剂,将改性玻璃纤维增强体与聚酰胺66(PA66)熔融共混制备高性能复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了粘土和成核剂在玻璃纤维表面的分散状态以及玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接。结果表明,在玻璃纤维表面静电吸附粘土和成核剂,不仅有助于粘土的分散,而且可以提高玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接。玻璃纤维表面吸附的粘土和成核剂可以诱导PA66分子链在纤维表面结晶,提高复合材料的力学性能。因此,与传统PA66/GF复合材料相比,在GF表面吸附少量的粘土(0.18wt%)和成核剂(0.07wt%)可以使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量分别提高12.2%和12.8%。     

陶瓷/树脂/纤维超混杂复合材料的界面控制

以具有不同表面状态的泡沫SiC陶瓷为基本骨架,以改性酚醛树脂为基体,加入短切高硅氧玻璃纤维制备了陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料,研究了界面控制对超混杂复合材料界面粘结强度的影响.结果表明,对于泡沫SiC陶瓷骨架,在表面生长多孔过渡层或表面堆积SiC颗粒等方法可提高树脂陶瓷之间界面的粘结强度.通过良好的界面控制,可显著提高复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,模量的提高比强度的提高幅度更大.偶联剂处理使高硅氧纤维与树脂基体的粘结强度增加,从而提高复合材料的弯曲强度.     

纳米增韧三维正交玻璃纤维机织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

为研究纳米改性对复合材料力学性能的影响,以纳米黏土改性环氧树脂与固化剂混合胶液为基体,以三维正交机织玻璃纤维织物为增强体,利用真空辅助树脂传递模压工艺（Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding,VARTM）,制备纳米增韧三维正交玻璃纤维机织物增强环氧树脂复合材料。分别测试不同质量分数（1wt%、2wt%、3wt%、4wt%）纳米黏土改性复合材料沿0°和90°方向的弯曲和拉伸性能。结果表明:当纳米黏土质量分数为1wt%时,复合材料弯曲强度最大,沿0°和90°方向的弯曲强度分别增大了约7.21%和13.71%,弯曲模量分别增大了约5.69%和16.64%。当纳米黏土质量分数为3wt%时,复合材料拉伸强度最大,沿0°和90°方向的拉伸强度分别增大了约24.96%和27.93%,拉伸模量分别增加了约21.35%和13.26%。这是由于纳米黏土呈纳米尺度以片层状分散于环氧树脂中,增加了两相间的接触面积,提高纤维/树脂界面的结合力,进而增强了复合材料的力学性能。      

玻璃纤维静电吸附粘土和成核剂增强聚酰胺66复合材料

通过静电吸附方法在玻璃纤维(GF)表面吸附粘土和成核剂,将改性玻璃纤维增强体与聚酰胺66(PA66)熔融共混制备高性能复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜观察了粘土和成核剂在玻璃纤维表面的分散状态以及玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接.结果表明,在玻璃纤维表面静电吸附粘土和成核剂,不仅有助于粘土的分散,而且可以提高玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接.玻璃纤维表面吸附的粘土和成核剂可以诱导PA66分子链在纤维表面结晶,提高复合材料的力学性能.因此,与传统PA66/GF复合材料相比,在GF表面吸附少量的粘土(0.18wt％)和成核剂(0.07wt％)可以使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量分别提高12.2％和12.8％.     

玻璃纤维表面纳米SiO_2改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响

为研究玻璃纤维(GF)表面纳米SiO2改性对GF增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,利用真空辅助模压(VAMP)工艺制备了不同含量的纳米SiO2表面改性GF增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。分析了GF表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了纤维表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料抗湿热老化性能的影响规律。纤维拔出试验结果表明:经表面处理的GF/PCBT复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了1.16倍;采用含量为0.5wt%和2wt%(与树脂质量比)的纳米SiO2处理GF表面后,复合材料的三点弯曲强度分别提高1.5倍和1.67倍,弯曲模量分别提高1.03倍和1.17倍。SEM结果显示:当纳米SiO2用量为2wt%时,破坏后的纤维表面被树脂完全覆盖,树脂与纤维粘结良好。在湿热条件下,由于纳米SiO2颗粒的存在,水分子很难通过界面相扩散到改性后的材料内部,其抗湿热性能提高。     

建筑节能用玻纤复合材料的制备及其性能研究

选择以环氧树脂E51为基体，玻璃纤维为增强相，间苯二胺为固化剂，玻璃纤维掺杂量为环氧树脂和固化剂总质量的0,5%,10%,15%和20%,制备出了玻纤复合材料。研究了不同玻璃纤维掺杂量对玻纤复合材料微观形貌、孔径分布、力学性能及导热性能的影响。结果表明，掺入适量的玻璃纤维后提高了环氧树脂各部分与纤维之间的结合强度，从而改善了玻纤复合材料的致密性，减小了平均孔径、孔体积和孔隙。当玻璃纤维的掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时，玻纤复合材料的孔洞和缺陷数量最少，结合强度和致密性最佳，孔体积最小为0.95 cm³/g,平均孔径最小为26.3 nm,孔隙率最低为0.93%。随着玻璃纤维掺杂量的增加，玻纤复合材料的抗拉强度、断裂延伸率和抗折强度均先增高后降低，导热系数先降低后增大。当玻璃纤维的掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时，抗拉强度、断裂延伸率和抗折强度均达到最大值，分别为45.10 MPa, 1.61%和39.60 MPa;导热系数最低为0.021 W/(m·K),保温性能最佳，在建筑节能材料的开发与应用方面具有广阔的前景。     

Surface modification of fiber reinforced polymer composites and their attachment to bone simulating material

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fiber orientation of a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) made of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and E-glass to the surface fabrication process by solvent dissolution. Intention of the dissolution process was to expose the fibers and create a macroporous surface onto the FRC to enhance bone bonding of the material. The effect of dissolution and fiber direction to the bone bonding capability of the FRC material was also tested. Three groups of FRC specimens (n = 18/group) were made of PMMA and E-glass fiber reinforcement: (a) group with continuous fibers parallel to the surface of the specimen, (b) continuous fibers oriented perpendicularly to the surface, (c) randomly oriented short (discontinuous) fibers. Fourth specimen group (n = 18) made of plain PMMA served as controls. The specimens were subjected to a solvent treatment by tetrahydrofuran (THF) of either 5, 15 or 30 min of time (n = 6/time point), and the advancement of the dissolution (front) was measured. The solvent treatment also exposed the fibers and created a surface roughness on to the specimens. The solvent treated specimens were embedded into plaster of Paris to simulate bone bonding by mechanical locking and a pull-out test was undertaken to determine the strength of the attachment. All the FRC specimens dissolved as function of time, as the control group showed no marked dissolution during the study period. The specimens with fibers along the direction of long axis of specimen began to dissolve significantly faster than specimens in other groups, but the test specimens with randomly oriented short fibers showed the greatest depth of dissolution after 30 min. The pull-out test showed that the PMMA specimens with fibers were retained better by the plaster of Paris than specimens without fibers. However, direction of the fibers considerably influenced the force of attachment. The fiber reinforcement increases significantly the dissolution speed, and the orientation of the glass fibers has great effect on the dissolving depth of the polymer matrix of the composite, and thus on the exposure of fibers. The glass fibers exposed by the solvent treatment enhanced effectively the attachment of the specimen to the bone modeling material.     

Controlling of the interfacial shear strength between thermoplastic resin and carbon fiber by adsorbing polymer particles on carbon fiber using electrophoresis

In order to control the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and thermoplastic resins, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles have been adsorbed on the carbon fiber surfaces using an electrophoresis process. The amount of PMMA particles adsorbed on the modified carbon fibers was varied using the electrophoresis technique performed in polymer colloids for a short time. Additionally, the interfacial shear strength between the modified carbon fiber and the resin was controlled by a modification of the present process. An improved interaction and a strengthened surface adhesion between the carbon fiber coated with particles and the PMMA resin were observed.     

芳纶纤维的磷酸表面处理及其树脂基复合材料界面性能

采取不同浓度的磷酸水溶液对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 并对不同处理条件下芳纶纤维的单丝强度、表面性质及其环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明: 20 wt %磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维, 纤维表面含氧官能团含量最高; 继续提高磷酸溶液的浓度, 含氧官能团含量下降, 纤维表面趋于平整, 单丝强度上升。用20 wt %磷酸溶液处理芳纶纤维, 纤维/ 环氧树脂基复合材料的层间剪切强度达到62 MPa , 界面剪切强度提高18 % , 是一种简单有效的表面处理方法。纤维表面粗糙度和纤维表面含氧官能团的数量是影响芳纶纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料界面结合性能的关键因素。      

Plasma surface treatment and modification of glass fibers

New helical coupling plasma system for continuous surface treatment and modification (surface processing) of fiber bundles has been developed and tested for glass fibers. The system enables surface processing of single filaments and flat substrates as well. Surface processed glass fibers and their bundles were examined as reinforcements for glass fiber/polyester composite systems. Processing of fibers comprised a surface treatment using argon gas and a surface modification using hexamethyldisiloxane and vinyltriethoxysilane monomers. Interfacial and interlaminar shear strengths of plasma processed glass fiber/polyester systems were compared with those of untreated and commercially sized fibers.     

Improved mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement with short titanium fiber reinforcement

Acrylic bone cements are widely used in total joint arthroplasties to grout the prosthesis to bone. The changes in the tensile properties and fracture toughness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cements obtained by the addition of control and heat treated short titanium fibers are studied. Heat treatment of titanium fibers is conducted to precipitate titania particles on the fiber surface, which may improve the biocompatibility of the metal. Control (non-heat treated) and heat treated short titanium fibers (250 μm long and 20μm diameter) were used as reinforcements at 3 volume %. X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of a rutile form of titania due to the heat treatments. Results indicate that the tensile and fracture properties of unfilled bone cement were improved by the addition of control and heat-treated fibers. The fracture properties of bone cements reinforced with control titanium fibers were at least 10% higher than those reinforced with heat treated titanium fibers. Therefore, we recommend further studies on the use of non-heat treated titanium fibers to reinforce acrylic bone cement.     

Carbon and glass hierarchical fibers: Influence of carbon nanotubes on tensile,flexural and impact properties of short fiber reinforced composites

Dense carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown uniformly on the surface of carbon fibers and glass fibers to create hierarchical fibers by use of floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. Morphologies of the CNTs were investigated using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Larger diameter dimension and distinct growing mechanism of nanotubes on glass fiber were revealed. Short carbon and glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated using the hierarchical fibers and compared with composites made using neat fibers. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composites were measured, which showed evident enhancement in all mechanical properties compared to neat short fiber composites. SEM micrographs of composite fracture surface demonstrated improved adhesion between CNT-coated fiber and the matrix. The enhanced mechanical properties of short fiber composites was attributed to the synergistic effects of CNTs in improving fiber–matrix interfacial properties as well as the CNTs acting as supplemental reinforcement in short fiber-composites.     

Mechanical properties of acrylate-grafted henequen cellulose fibers and their application in composites

The properties of cellulose fiber and PMMA- or PBA-grafted cellulose fibers are investigated as a function of the initiator (ceric-ammonium nitrate) concentration and the amount of grafted polymer onto cellulose fiber. The molecular weight of cellulose decreases while the crystallinity increases with an increment of initiator concentration because of the partial degradation of the amorphous zone of the fibers exposed to the oxidation by the initiator. This results in a reduction of the elastic modulus and tensile strength at high initiator concentrations. Degradation of cellulose is partially inhibited during the grafting process and, therefore, the effect of initiator on the mechanical properties is less notorious in the grafted cellulose fiber. The grafting of PMMA or PBA on the fiber results in lower mechanical properties than those of the ungrafted cellulose fiber. The reduction of the elastic modulus is independent of the amount of grafted PMMA or PBA, but the tensile strength decreases with the PBA content on the PBA-grafted fiber. Either the grafted or the ungrafted cellulose fibers improve the mechanical properties of plasticized PVC composites, and the best results are obtained for PMMA-grafted cellulose fibers because of the better fiber–matrix adhesion. The Halpin–Tsai equation seems to better agree with the experimental data when there is a good fiber–matrix adhesion. In contrast, for poor fiber–matrix adhesion the experimental data has a better agreement with the parallel arrangement equation.     

Effects of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with glass fabric

In this study, effects of fiber surface treatments on mechanical behavior and fracture mechanism of glass fiber/epoxy composites were investigated experimentally. To change the composition of the glass and regenerate to the hydroxyl groups, activation pretreatment of heat cleaned woven glass fabric was performed using (v/v) HCl aqueous solution at different concentrations before silane treatment. The treatment of silanization of heat cleaned and acid activated glass fibers with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane were performed. In this work, short beam shear test has been conducted to determine the performance of the acid treatment and the silane treatment in terms of the interlaminar shear strength. The silane coating on the heat cleaned glass fibers increased the interlaminar shear strength of the composite. However, the silane coating on the acid activated glass fibers did not improve the interlaminar shear strength of the composite. In addition, the strengths of the glass fabric specimens in tension and flexure were investigated. When the glass fibers are first treated with HCl solution and then with silane coupling agent, the tensile strengths of the composites decreased significantly. Scanning electron photomicrographs of fractured surfaces of composites were performed to explain the failure mechanisms in the composite laminates broken in tension.     

玻璃纤维表面化学处理对其浸润性能的影响

本文应用单丝接触角测定仪测定了不同偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维临界表面张力。结果表明:由于固体临界表面张力是描述固体表面性质的物化数据,因此它仅与表面复盖物的性质有关,而与内部的玻璃纤维的成份无关。不同偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维具有不同的表面张力,依次为7114>KH550>A151。沉积在玻璃纤维表面的偶联剂各级分对浸润性能的贡献是不相同的。     

改性椰纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料力学性能

目的添加适量椰纤维(CF)改善聚乳酸(PLA)的力学性能,以适应产品的包装。方法采用熔融共混法制备不同CF含量的CF/PLA复合材料。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和动态热力学性能测试,探讨添加不同含量的碱洗CF对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果与纯PLA相比,复合材料的拉伸强度降低,冲击强度增大,储能模量增大,玻璃化转变温度降低。当碱洗CF质量分数为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度比纯PLA增加了24%。结论添加CF有利于提高复合材料的力学性能,碱液浸泡更有利于改善CF和PLA基体的界面相容性。