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1.
安源  金光 《材料导报》2012,26(11):1-4
随着空间光学相机口径的增大,相机的质量也随之增加,要满足轻质量、高分辨的空间相机要求,碳纤维复合材料是一个很好的选择。根据空间光学相机的精度、稳定性要求,对比了空间相机中常用材料的性能,分析了碳纤维复合材料应用于空间光学相机的三大优势和两大劣势,介绍了国内外碳纤维复合材料在空间相机中的应用概况和水平,指出了碳纤维复合材料在空间光学相机中的广泛应用必然是未来空间光学相机的发展方向。  相似文献   

2.
空间制冷技术在星载红外遥感器中的应用与发展   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4  
介绍了星载红外遥感器对空间低温制冷技术的要求,综述了长寿命空间低温制冷技术在星载红外光学遥感器中的应用,分析了空间红外遥感器低温制冷技术的现状和发展趋势,指出我国的空间低温制冷技术正向大冷量、长寿命、高可靠性方向发展,并在此基础上讨论了中国空间低温制冷技术的发展方向和应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
空间光学遥感器在航天对地观测、太空探测等领域均具有重要的科学和军事意义.未来战争的显著特点是精确打击、电子战、信息战,首要的是战场侦察、空间监视与测量信息的获取.航天、陆地、海洋资源气象探测、环境及灾害监测等对国民经济现代化有极其重要影响的活动,也需要获取一般手段难以得到的信息.总之,所有这些都要靠新一代的空间光学遥感器,即高分辨率空间环境适应性强的空间相机.  相似文献   

4.
用自适应光学系统来校正由大气湍流等产生的波前畸变,能够得到很好的效果.通过对自适应光学系统的工作原理进行研究,提出了一种基于MEMS技术的微小型自适应光学系统校正波前畸变的方法,将MEMS技术应用于变形反射镜,并构建了具体的实验平台,用来校正一种人为产生的波前畸变,且阐述了具体的实验过程.实验结果表明,基于MEMS技术的自适应光学系统能够很好地闭环校正波前畸变,且其体积小、质量轻、校正性能稳定,为自适应光学技术在星载相机上的应用提供了依据.  相似文献   

5.
田富湘  何欣 《硅谷》2014,(16):40-41
热离焦是空间光学遥感器在轨运行时离焦的主要原因。基于y-nu光线追迹法,得某离轴三反空间光学系统后截距的数学表达式。结合反射镜半径及光学元件间隔随温度变化情况,推导出了某桁架式空间光学遥感器热离焦量的近似计算公式。热离焦计算公式表明,热离焦量与温度成线性关系。  相似文献   

6.
现代光学新分支学科——气动光学   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从气动光学学科发展历程出发,介绍了气动光学提出的背景,提出了气动光学的定义及内涵、研究对象和研究方法,描述了气动光学研究的主要内容:气动光学效应机理研究、气动光学效应校正方法研究、气动光学效应校正验证试验研究和高速飞行器光学窗口技术研究;详细阐述了国内开展气动光学学科理论基础、工程建模、试验原理及试验方法等研究途径,给出了一些典型的研究结果,指出了学科的应用前景和发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
光电技术研究所的自适应光学技术   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
姜文汉 《光电工程》1995,22(1):1-13
自适应光学是近二十年发展起来的光学新技术,它使光学系统具有能动地适应外界变化自动克服动态干扰的能力。十多年来光电技术研究所的自适应光学研究室建立了自适应光学技术的基础,研制成功多套自适应光学系统。带动了能动光学元件、微驱动技术和光束动态诊断技术等单元技术的发展。本文综合报导了这些技术进展。  相似文献   

8.
为了实现地球静止轨道高分辨率光学遥感,研究了在运载的动力学环境上与低轨的差异。分析了主动飞行段时间长、力学环境差、在成像方法上采用面阵成像、轨道高等原因使相机体积增大的问题。对静止轨道21.5m分辨率模拟相机进行了研究,开展了动力学模拟试验,得到了相机关键部位的测试参数,证明了地球静止轨道高分辨率光学遥感的核心环节即有效载荷研制的可行性。  相似文献   

9.
本文介绍测量专业《工程测量》课程光学经纬仪的检验和校正技术及教学措施。对光学经纬仪检校的必要性、水准管轴垂直于竖轴、十字丝竖丝垂直于横轴、视准轴垂直于横轴、横轴垂直于竖轴、竖盘指标差、光学对中器的检验和校正技术以及教学措施做了论述,并结合本课程内容的教学要求,提出了一些值得思考的问题。  相似文献   

10.
星上相对定标已成为在轨辐射定标链中的重要环节。星上相对定标系统采用LED作为定标光源,在完成LED空间适用性的研究基础上,对定标光源的老炼和筛选方法进行了描述,重点介绍了星上相对定标系统的组成、非均匀照明的定标工作原理,并针对宽视场空间光学相机开展了在轨定标测试与验证试验。对星地间定标图像数据进行比对,并给出了各像元的校正因子。该星上定标系统具有较强的空间适应性,综合不确定度为2.9%,能够满足宽视场空间光学相机星上相对辐射定标要求。  相似文献   

11.
Chen CB  Hegg RG  Johnson WT  King WB  Rock DF  Spande R 《Applied optics》1999,38(34):7105-7111
Raytheon has designed, fabricated, and tested a diffractive-optical-element-based (DOE-based) testbed projector for direct and indirect visual optical applications. By use of a low-cost replicated DOE surface from Rochester Photonics Corporation for color correction the projector optics bettered the modular transfer function of an equivalent commercial camera lens. The testbed demonstrates that a practical DOE-based optical system is suitable for both visual applications (e.g., head-mounted displays) and visual projection (e.g., tactical sensors). The need for and the proper application of DOE's in visual optical systems, the nature and the performance of the projector optical design, and test results are described.  相似文献   

12.
13.
We present a new wave-front sensing technique for adaptive optics based on use of several wave-front sensors dedicated to the sensing of a different range of spatial frequencies. We call it a hierarchical wave-front sensor. We present the concept of a hierarchical wave-front sensor and apply it to the Shack-Hartmann sensor. We show the gain that is expected with two Shack-Hartmann sensors. We obtain a gain that increases with the size of the largest sensor, and we detail the application of hierarchical wave-front sensing to extreme adaptive optics and extremely large telescopes.  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents results from an adaptive optics experiment in which an adaptive control loop augments a classical adaptive optics feedback loop. Closed-loop wavefront errors measured by a self-referencing interferometer are fed back to the control loops, which drive a membrane deformable mirror to correct the wavefront. The paper introduces new frequency-weighted deformable mirror modes used as the control channels and new wavefront sensor modes for analyzing the performance of the control loops. The corrected laser beam also is imaged by a diagnostic target camera. The experimental results show reduced closed-loop wavefront errors and correspondingly sharper diagnostic target images produced by the adaptive control loop as compared with the classical AO loop.  相似文献   

15.
The Layer-Oriented Simulation Tool (LOST) is a numerical simulation code developed for analysis of the performance of multiconjugate adaptive optics modules following a layer-oriented approach. The LOST code computes the atmospheric layers in terms of phase screens and then propagates the phase delays introduced in the natural guide stars' wave fronts by using geometrical optics approximations. These wave fronts are combined in an optical or numerical way, including the effects of wave-front sensors on measurements in terms of phase noise. The LOST code is described, and two applications to layer-oriented modules are briefly presented. We have focus on the Multiconjugate adaptive optics demonstrator to be mounted upon the Very Large Telescope and on the Near-IR-Visible Adaptive Interferometer for Astronomy (NIRVANA) interferometric system to be installed on the combined focus of the Large Binocular Telescope.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of an astronomical adaptive optics control system is to minimize the residual wave-front error remaining on the science-object wave fronts after being compensated for atmospheric turbulence and telescope aberrations. Minimizing the mean square wave-front residual maximizes the Strehl ratio and the encircled energy in pointlike images and maximizes the contrast and resolution of extended images. We prove the separation principle of optimal control for application to adaptive optics so as to minimize the mean square wave-front residual. This shows that the residual wave-front error attributable to the control system can be decomposed into three independent terms that can be treated separately in design. The first term depends on the geometry of the wave-front sensor(s), the second term depends on the geometry of the deformable mirror(s), and the third term is a stochastic term that depends on the signal-to-noise ratio. The geometric view comes from understanding that the underlying quantity of interest, the wave-front phase surface, is really an infinite-dimensional vector within a Hilbert space and that this vector space is projected into subspaces we can control and measure by the deformable mirrors and wave-front sensors, respectively. When the control and estimation algorithms are optimal, the residual wave front is in a subspace that is the union of subspaces orthogonal to both of these projections. The method is general in that it applies both to conventional (on-axis, ground-layer conjugate) adaptive optics architectures and to more complicated multi-guide-star- and multiconjugate-layer architectures envisaged for future giant telescopes. We illustrate the approach by using a simple example that has been worked out previously [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 73, 1171 (1983)] for a single-conjugate, static atmosphere case and follow up with a discussion of how it is extendable to general adaptive optics architectures.  相似文献   

17.
Adaptive optics (AO) has been recently used for the development of ophthalmic devices. Its main objective has been to obtain high-resolution images for diagnostic purposes or to estimate high-order eye aberrations. The core of every AO system is an optical device that is able to modify the wavefront shape of the light entering the system; if you know the shape of the incoming wavefront, it is possible to correct the aberrations introduced in the optical path from the source to the image. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility, although in a simulated system, of estimating and correcting an aberrated wavefront shape by means of an iterative gradient-descent-like software procedure, acting on a point source image, without expensive wavefront sensors or the burdensome computation of the point-spread-function (PSF) of the optical system. In such a way, it is possible to obtain a speed and repeatability advantage over classical stochastic algorithms. A hierarchy in the aberrations is introduced, in order to reduce the dimensionality of the state space to be searched. The proposed algorithm is tested on a simple optical system that has been simulated with ray-tracing software, with randomly generated aberrations, and compared with a recently proposed algorithm for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics.  相似文献   

18.
Adaptive optics and ground-to-space laser communications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Tyson RK 《Applied optics》1996,35(19):3640-3646
The relationships between laser communication system parameters and adaptive optics system parameters are addressed. Improvement in optical signal propagation between space-based receivers and ground-based transmitters is possible with adaptive optics systems that compensate for a few degrees of freedom. Beginning with the relationship between optical signal fade and surge and the atmospheric log-amplitude variance and coupling to expressions that combine adaptive optics systems performance with the reduction in log-amplitude variance, system level examinations of the effects of adaptive optics can be done. Examples are given that show the advantageous reduction in signal fade and surge when adaptive optics are built into the optical system.  相似文献   

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