功能性材料在药品包装中的应用及发展趋势

本文介绍了药品对包装材料的基本要求,分析了药品功能性包装材料的发展现状,并重点列举了高阻隔性包装材料、纳米包装材料、可降解包装材料等几种功能性包装材料的发展趋势及在药品包装上的应用现状,总结了药品功能性包装材料现阶段存在的一些问题及发展前景。     

生态包装的基本特征及其材料的发展趋势

生态包装的3个主要特征表现为：从生命周期全过程评价包装的环境性能,提高以节能为中心的资源利用率,采用不破坏生态的原材料.生态包装材料是发展生态包装的关键因素之一,生态包装材料将向6个方面发展,那就是：包装材料无毒化、包装材料回收利用化、包装材料减量化、包装材料的原生态化、包装材料可降解化、包装材料纳米化.     

中国绿色包装材料研究与应用现状

目的通过研究我国绿色包装材料的应用现状展望绿色包装材料的研发和应用前景,使更多新型绿色材料在包装中得到大量使用。方法分析我国绿色包装材料的应用现状及近几年的研究进展,并总结绿色包装材料研发和应用中存在的问题。结果对绿色包装材料的含义及我国绿色包装材料的实际研究和应用情况进行了基本论述。结论近几年,我国在可降解包装材料、新型纸质包装材料和可食性包装材料方面均取得了一定成果,随着大量研究工作的推进,这些新型绿色包装材料将被大量使用到包装产业中来。     

包装材料的环境协调性研究

从包装材料实际应用,分析了包装材料对环境的影响,介绍了包装材料的环境负荷计算方法,通过包装材料的环境负荷的计算,得出了不同包装材料对环境的影响程度.     

气调包装创新技术及应用研究

研究了气调包装材料和气调包装工艺的创新技术及其应用,分别对气调包装材料的性能要求,气调包装材料创新中的纸包装抗菌、塑料与复合包装材料抗菌、单质包装材料吸水、复合包装材料吸水,以及臭氧与真空速冷相结合处理的气调包装工艺进行了研究。     

绿色包装材料的研发进展和我国的发展对策(待续)

为使国内包装界了解绿色包装的发展动态,更好促进我国绿色包装的发展,本文从几个方面分类归述了绿包包装材料研发的进展情况,包括可回收再用或再生包装材料,轻量化、薄型化、无氟化、高性能化包装材料,可降解塑料,天然植物纤维包装材料,可食性包装材料,变形淀粉和农副产品高分子包装材料,转基因包装材料,绿色包装辅助材料和绿色包装材料助剂.并从今后的开发方向和应注重的问题上,提出了我国发展绿色包装材料应采取的5项对策.     

绿色缓冲包装材料的现状及发展

一、前言缓冲包装材料属于一种寿命周期短、"用过即扔"的一次性包装物,瞬间即可变成垃圾,对环境的负面影响是显而易见的。绿色缓冲包装材料是缓冲包装材料发展的必然趋势。绿色包装材料的基本准则可以概括为,包装材料的减量使用(Reduce);包装材料的再利用(Reuse);     

功能包装材料的发展现状与趋势

由于包装废弃物造成的环境污染以及食品质量安全问题频发等原因,具有基本力学性能的普通包装已经满足不了消费者对包装产品的需求,具有功能性的包装受到极大关注。包装具备的功能性不仅在于包装结构的设计,更重要在于包装材料的选用。随着新型材料和新技术的开发,包装具有的功能性趋向多元化,应用市场更为广泛。综合了近几年功能包装材料的相关研究,从包装材料的应用出发,按照包装的功能性将功能包装材料分为4大类:阻隔包装材料、绿色包装材料、保鲜包装材料以及智能包装材料,并分别概述了各类包装材料的特点、应用现状以及发展趋势。最后,综述了功能包装材料的发展现状,指出了功能包装材料在食品领域和医疗领域广阔的应用前景,同时提出未来功能包装材料应致力于向食品安全、绿色环保以及集成多功能化包装等方向研究。     

生物性包装材料的现状与发展前景

随着包装工业的迅速壮大,包装材料获得了长足的发展,各式各样的包装材料层出不穷。然而,基于可持续发展战略的考虑,人们对产品包装的要求越来越高,不仅要求包装外表新颖美观,还要求包装材料无污染,易分解。因此,生物性包装材料受到了越来越多业界人士的广泛关注。本文从生物性包装材料发展趋势出发,分析了生物性包装材料产生的必然性,明确了生物性包装材料的基本定义与分类,介绍了几种生物性包装材料的制作流程及在现实生活中的应用。     

绿色低碳包装材料应用和发展对策研究

目的使新型绿色低碳材料在将来实际产品包装中大量地投入应用,并展望我国绿色低碳包装材料的应用前景。方法根据绿色低碳包装材料的内涵,分析我国包装材料应用现状,及如何使包装材料做到绿色与低碳的标准,并重点剖析目前我国绿色低碳包装材料存在的问题,及与国外发达国家的差距。结果结合我国绿色包装材料实际应用情况,列出5点促进绿色低碳包装材料在产品实际应用中的对策。结论通过对绿色低碳包装材料内涵及实际应用现状的分析,提出了我国包装产业将要大量地使用新型绿色低碳包装材料。     

Capabilities evaluation of WSEM,milling and hobbing for meso-gear manufacturing

This paper describes manufacturing capabilities evaluation of wire spark erosion machining (WSEM), milling and hobbing to manufacture meso straight bevel gear (MSBG) and meso helical gear (MHG) made of SS 304 using microgeometry, macrogeometry, flank surface topology, surface finish, microstructure, microhardness, manufacturing time and cost, and gear material loss. Experiments were conducted using the parameters of WSEM, milling and hobbing processes optimized through trial experiments. This study reveals that WSEM manufactured MSBG and MHG possess better microgeometry (DIN 5-7), macrogeometry (29, 33, and 46?µm deviation in span, tooth thickness and outside diameter for MHG), topology, higher microhardness, superior microstructure, lower manufacturing time (25 and 20?min, respectively) and cost ($ 4 for both), smaller loss of gear material but poor surface finish (1.07 and 6.60?µm as average and maximum surface roughness for MHG and 1.04 and 6.16?µm for MSBG) than milled MSBG and hobbed MHG. Microstructure study showed presence of burrs and marks of the cutting tool on the flanks of the best quality hobbed MHG and milled MSBG. It proves that WSEM is a superior, economical, material efficient, and environment friendly process to manufacture meso-sized cylindrical and conical gears of higher accuracy and better quality with excellent repeatability.     

Increasing the wear resistance of stainless steels

The wear resistance of martensitic, austenitic and duplex stainless steels is increased by carbon and nitrogen in solid solution and in addition by carbides and nitrides, which are formed during conventional ingot metallurgy or by powder metallurgical processing. High temperature and low temperature nitriding provide a hard surface zone. Characteristic alloys and applications are discussed, which try to optimize the resistance to wear and corrosion.     

Processing of duplex stainless steel by WEDM

This study investigates the manufacturing process of 2205 duplex stainless steel by wire electrical discharge machining where the effects of pulse-on time (PONT), wire tension and pulse-off time (POFT) on surface finish, kerf width, and material removal rate (MRR). It was found that the kerf width was unchanged with the change of PONT at long pulse-of time and higher wire tension. However, it decreased initially and then increased due to the rise of PONT at low values of wire tension and POFT. Low wire tension and PONT, POFT and contributed towards widest kerf. Longer PONT increased MRR due to higher machining/processing speed. Lower wire tension and shorter POFT increased MRR more than that of higher wire tension and POFT. Craters and recast layer were on the machined surfaces at all machining conditions. Increased PONT raised surface roughness at the lower POFT and tension in the wire. The surface finish at high wire tension and longer PONT is always better than that at smaller PONT and lower tension in the wire. The microstructure underneath the recast layer remains unchanged and the failure of wire electrode occurred at higher wire tension, longer PONT and shorter POFT.     

Frontiers of research and future directions in information and communication technology

Information and communication technology (ICT), characterized by continual innovation and rapid technological change, is having a tremendous impact on society. Research and development in ICT are being conducted throughout the technology sector, and fundamental research is being carried out in many university departments of electronics, computer science, and engineering. This paper deals with frontiers of research and trends in selected areas of ICT, including computer hardware, microelectronics, and semiconductor devices and materials—areas that are leading the innovations in ICT. It briefly describes emerging technological developments, and concludes with advances in software engineering.     

论标志设计意象的妙合

标志的设计创意过程是概念的综合与创造的过程,在创意(意)与表现(象)、造型元素的提炼与组合、形式美法则的运用、继承与发展等方面进行综合创造,达到巧妙的融合.文中用孝感学院标志形象设计案例阐述了作者在标志设计创意方面的独特感悟--"意象的妙合",一个标志可以在形与意、具象与抽象、图与底、动与静、聚与散、新与旧等多方面同时形成"妙合"关系.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

A theoretical study on a novel combined power and ejector refrigeration cycle

A new combined power and refrigeration cycle is proposed for the cogeneration, which combines the Rankine cycle and the ejector refrigeration cycle by adding an extraction turbine between heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG) and ejector. This combined cycle could produce both power output and refrigeration output simultaneously, and could be driven by the flue gas from gas turbine or engine, solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heats. Parametric analysis and exergy analysis are conducted to examine the effects of thermodynamic parameters on the performance and exergy destruction in each component for the combined cycle. The results show that the condenser temperature, the evaporator temperature, the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine extraction pressure and extraction ratio have significant effects on the turbine power output, refrigeration output, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction in each component in the combined cycle. It is also shown that the biggest exergy destruction occurs in the heat recovery vapor generator, followed by the ejector and turbine.     

冷变形后不同回火温度对低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过在690℃高温回火后对15SiMn2Mo低碳贝氏体钢进行10％拉伸变形或不同变形量压缩变形，再进行不同温度回火，研究了冷变形（拉伸和压缩）和变形后不同温度回火对试验材料的组织和性能的影响。结果显示，随着回火温度增加，试验柯料的抗拉强度增加，300℃回火强度达到最大值，与热轧低温回火强度相当。超过300℃回火材料的强度下降，伸长率和断面收缩率增加。随着压缩变形量的提高，材料的硬度值升高，加工硬化效果显著，组织中出现铁素体形变带。压缩变形后随着回火温度的提高，材料组织发生回复与再结晶，形成细小等轴晶粒，组织细化，压缩变形量增加，细化效果增加。     

Influence of fungicide treatment and storage conditions on mould and yeast activity on “Satsuma” mandarin

The activity of mould and yeast population on the surface of ‘Satsuma’ mandarin was studied at four temperatures (2, 4, 10 and 20 °C) and two relative humidity (RH) levels (80 and 93%) on fruits washed and on fruits washed and treated with a fungicide mixture (1200 ppm thiabendazole + 800 guazatine + 400 ppm prochloraz), stored for 20 and 40 days. The lowest final microbial counts (CFU) were for the fruits treated and stored at 2 °C and 93% RH and the highest counts were for fruits stored at 20 °C and 93% RH regardless of fungicide treatment. Throughout the storage period, yeast and Cladosporium spp. were predominant in the microbial counts and generally showed reducing trends. The fungicide treatment was very efficient and persistent. The absence of antifungal treatment and the increase of RH levels caused a greater rise of CFU than the increase of the storage period or temperature. An increase in the CFU values with the increase of RH was observed in untreated fruits. The treatment of ‘Satsuma’ fruits with the fungicide mixture, followed by cold storage at 2 °C and 93% RH, extended the storage period at least 40 days.     

Evaluation of the column components size on the vapour enrichment and system performance in small power NH3–H2O absorption refrigeration machines

This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the distillation column components size on the vapour enrichment and system performance in small power NH₃–H₂O absorption machines with partial condensation. It is known that ammonia enrichment is required in this type of systems; otherwise water accumulates in the evaporator and strongly deteriorates the system performance and efficiency. The distillation column analysed consists of a stripping adiabatic section below the column feed point and an adiabatic rectifying packed section over it. The partial condensation of the vapour is produced at the top of the column by means of a heat integrated rectifier with the strong solution as coolant and a water cooled rectifier. Differential mathematical models based on mass and energy balances and heat and mass transfer equations have been developed for each one of the column sections and rectifiers, which allow defining their real dimensions. Results are shown for a given practical application. Specific geometric dimensions of the column components are considered. Different distillation column configurations are analysed by selecting and discarding the use of the possible components of the column and by changing their dimensions. The analysis and comparison of the different column arrangements has been based on the system COP and on the column dimensions.