泡沫铝的孔隙率对压缩性能的影响

本文采用粉末冶金复合加热新方法，研究了泡沫铝制备工艺参数TiH2与Al2O3对孔隙率的影响、孔隙率及孔结构均匀性对泡沫侣屈服强度的影响以及泡沫铝压缩变形的基本特征。研究结果表明：该方法可以制备孔隙率与结构均匀性可控的泡沫铝；当WTiH2=1％，WAl2O3=1～2％可获得较高的孔隙率和均匀的孔结构；泡沫铝的屈服强度随孔隙率的增加而减小，塑性平台区的变形范围随之增加，应力变化范围减小，力学稳定性增加，能量吸收性能和抗冲击性能变好；泡孔结构均匀的泡沫铝，其应力-应变曲线的塑性平台区较不均匀的要平缓、稳定。     

纯Al及亚共晶Al-Si合金基体对吹气法泡沫铝泡孔结构的影响

采用吹气法制备工艺,研究了纯Al及亚共晶Al-Si合金基体对泡沫铝平均泡孔尺寸、相对密度,平均泡壁厚度等泡孔结构参数的影响。结果显示,亚共晶Al-Si合金基体泡沫铝较纯Al基体泡沫铝具备更佳的泡孔结构,并且平均泡孔尺寸更小,相对密度更低,平均泡壁厚度更薄。而Si含量不同的亚共晶AlSi合金基体泡沫铝之间的差别较小,泡孔结构参数基本一致。分别从合金相图、熔体表面张力,熔体粘度、液膜破裂的平均厚度等角度分析了造成上述结果的原因。研究表明基体金属的种类也会对吹气法泡沫铝的产品质量产生显著影响,是生产中值得重视的一个因素。     

真空渗流法制备的通孔泡沫铝的吸声性能

研究了真空渗流法制备的通孔泡沫铝的吸声性能、通孔泡沫铝的孔结构参数及厚度对通孔泡沫铝吸声性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,真空渗流法制备的通孔泡沫铝具有较大的吸声系数 ,而且随孔径减小或孔隙率、厚度增加 ,所制备通孔泡沫铝的吸声性能提高     

非常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能研究

以渗流法制备的宽孔径孔结构、周期孔结构及梯度孔结构三类非常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫为芯材,制作了Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器,对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,宽孔径孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声效果明显优于常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器;梯度孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能比宽孔径孔结构泡沫铝芯消声器优越;周期孔结构的泡沫铝芯消声器与宽孔径孔结构泡沫铝芯吸声性能相当;Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能与扩张室结构及流阻有关;与传统吸声材料芯消声器相比,宽孔径孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能介于离心玻璃棉芯消声器及聚氨酯泡沫芯消声器之间。     

发泡法制备泡沫铝

介绍了发泡法制备泡沫铝的工艺过程，论述了增粘、混合、发泡和冷却４个过程对泡沫铝孔结构的影响。采用ＴｉＨ２的缓释技术，可大大延缓ＴｉＨ２的反应时间，使ＴｉＨ２均匀混入铝熔体，从而制得孔结构均匀、吸声性能优良的泡沫铝。     

泡沫铝吸声性能的研究进展

泡沫铝的孔结构和金属特性使其具有优异的吸声性能。介绍了泡沫铝吸声性能的研究进展,并分析了当前研究中存在的问题,对未来泡沫铝在吸声领域的研究做出展望。未来需进一步研究泡沫铝材料的吸声机理,尝试将结构参数对吸声系数值的影响定量化,系统研究组合结构的吸声性能;探索建立闭孔泡沫铝材料吸声的理论模型,实现对吸声的理论预测、分析与计算,为实际应用提供指导。     

开孔与闭孔泡沫铝的压缩力学行为

研究了开孔与闭孔两种胞孔结构不同、制备工艺不同的泡沫铝在准静态压缩载荷下的压缩响应曲线.结果表明:开孔与闭孔泡沫铝压缩应力-应变曲线均具有多孔泡沫材料明显的三阶段特征,即线弹性段、塑性屈服平台段及致密段;相对密度对泡沫材料的力学性能(如杨氏模量、屈服强度)有很大影响;在准静态下,开孔泡沫铝表现出明显的应变率效应,而闭孔泡沫不如开孔敏感;泡沫铝材料表现为弱的各向异性;胞孔结构影响两种泡沫材料的压缩响应曲线.     

石膏型渗流制备泡沫铝填充圆管压缩行为研究

采用石膏型渗流制备开孔泡沫铝并填充到薄壁圆管,制成泡沫铝夹心管.通过准静态压缩试验研究了泡沫铝夹心管的压缩行为.结果表明:采用石膏型渗流法制备的泡沫铝孔隙率在85％左右,其压缩变形阶段可分为弹性段、塑性平台段和致密化段;空心圆管的压缩行为与其本身的结构参数有关;泡沫铝夹心管的力学性能与吸能能力比空心圆管和泡沫铝有了一定...     

泡沫铝合金阻尼性能的研究

本文采用渗流工艺制备具有开孔结构的泡沫工业纯铝、泡沫铝—锌合金(Al—28wt％Zn)及泡沫铝—镁合金(Al—10wt％Mg)，在多功能内耗仅上对这三种具有相同结构和相对密度的泡沫铝合金的阻尼性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，铸态下的泡沫铝—镁合金的阻尼性能高于泡沫纯铝，而泡沫铝—锌合金在室温下的阻尼性能比泡沫纯铝及泡沫铝—镁合金高3～4倍，分析认为泡沫铝—锌合金的高阻尼机制主要是由于在振动时其基体中较软的α相与较硬的富锌η相界面产生粘滞流动消耗能量的结果。     

SiCp增强泡沫铝制备工艺研究

对熔体发泡法制备SiCp增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备工艺进行了探索，通过正交试验研究了SiC的粒度、发泡剂TiH2的加入量、发泡温度、保温时间等工艺参数对泡沫铝孔隙率及孔结构的影响，确定了制备SiCp增强泡沫铝基复合材料的最佳工艺参数：掺入10％（质量分数）1000目的SiC颗粒增粘，在发泡剂TiH2加入量为2％（质量分数），搅拌时间2min，保温温度700℃以及保温时间3min的工艺条件下，制得的泡沫铝的孔隙率达到80％，平均密度达到了0．5g／cm^3，且基本没有无泡层。最后对泡沫铝的产业化生产的可行性作了讨论。     

金属泡沫材料研究进展

综述了金属泡沫材料的各种制备方法。液相法制备金属泡沫材料包括气体吹入法、固体发泡剂法和固体—气体共晶凝固法、熔模铸造法、渗流铸造法、喷射沉积法以及粉末加压熔化法等制备方法。采用金属粉末烧结法、浆料发泡法等制备工艺可以从固相制备金属泡沫材料。电沉积法以及气相沉积法可用于制备高孔隙率的金属泡沫材料。最后简要总结了金属泡沫材料的应用。     

熔体发泡法制备工艺的发展与展望

论述了国内外泡沫金属生产中熔体发泡法制备工艺的发展形势，并对熔体发泡法中不同种发泡工艺在生产中的应用情况进行了全面的概述。介绍了国内外对采用熔体发泡法生产泡沫金属所做的各种试探性研究，总结了其应用于生产实践中所存在的不足，对不同种发泡工艺的优缺点以及关键技术作了进一步的探讨。最后对熔体发泡法生产泡沫金属的发展前景做了前瞻性展望。     

开孔金属泡沫的传热分析

主要从开孔金属泡沫微观组织的基本结构出发对开孔金属泡沫内的固体热传导、气体热传导和热辐射进行了分析,根据以上的分析利用能量方程和两热流法建立了开孔金属泡沫的传热模型,并利用试验对泡沫镍的有效导热系数进行了测量,泡沫镍的有效导热系数实验值验证了开孔金属泡沫传热模型的正确性.     

The effects of manufacturing parameters on geometrical and mechanical properties of copper foams produced by space holder technique

We describe a powder metallurgical space holder method to produce open-cell metallic foams. By changing the values of the main manufacturing parameters such as volume percentage and the particle size of the space holder agent, we produce different copper foam samples which cover a wide range of solid fraction, pore size and cell wall thickness. All the specimens were synthesized based on a series of designed experiments. We demonstrate how the foams’ density, cell size and specific surface area can be accurately controlled using two easily adjustable manufacturing parameters. The three-dimensional structure of these foams was investigated using X-ray micro tomography. The image quality is sufficient to measure local structure and connectivity of the foamed material, and the field of view large enough to calculate material properties. By combining the finite element method with the tomographic images, we calculate the mechanical response of the foams. We show that the foams’ bulk and shear moduli are strongly correlated to their cell size, cell wall thickness and specific surface area. These parameters can be easily controlled during manufacturing.     

Effect of composition and processing parameters on the characteristics of tannin-based rigid foams. Part I: Cell structure

Tannin-based rigid foams and derived glasslike carbon foams are new, lightweight, cellular materials, prepared from 95% natural precursors. They are mainly based on bark extracts that are cross-linked with a little of formaldehyde, in the presence of furfuryl alcohol, blowing agent and acid catalyst. Their carbonaceous counterparts are obtained by pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. Various processing and composition parameters were varied, in order to observe the resultant effects on the pore structure, i.e., cell morphology, apparent density, homogeneity, and surface area. Especially, the amounts of foaming agent, strengthener and additives (nanoclay filler) were changed, and the influences of mould diameter and compression stress during foaming were investigated as well. The foams are found to be slightly orthotropic materials whose pore structure is mainly controlled by the amount of blowing agent, leading to an easily tuneable linear cell density that typically ranges from 50 to 250 pores per inch. All the other parameters have much lower influence.     

Influence of cell aspect ratio on architecture and compressive strength of titanium foams

Titanium foams have been of interest in dental and orthopedic implants over the past few decades on account of their excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. A powerful tool, X-ray computed microtomography was used to measure quantitatively the effect of pore morphology on foam architecture. Mechanical properties of titanium foams with varying pore structure were investigated. Aspect ratio of the pores was quantitatively demonstrated to affect strength, degree of anisotropy and strain-rate sensitivity of the produced titanium foams. Needle-like pored foams showed 30-55% lower strength when compared to the foams having lower aspect ratio pores. Lower aspect ratio pored foams were 3-11%, higher aspect ratio pored foams were 17-34% weaker in the direction parallel to the compaction direction when compared to the perpendicular one. High aspect ratio pores also resulted in more pronounced strain-rate sensitivity.     

Production of Metallic Foams From Ceramic Foam Precursors

A process has been developed for obtaining closed cell metallic foams using a ceramic foam precursor. In this approach, the major constituent of the ceramic foam precursor is iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), which is mixed with various foaming/setting additives. The mixture sets rapidly at room temperature to stabilize the foam generated by hydrogen release. The oxide foam is then reduced in a non‐flammable hydrogen/inert gas mixture to obtain a metallic foam with a cell diameter of 0.5–2 mm. Iron foams with a relative density of 0.23 were tested in compression and yielded an average compressive strength of ～ 34 MPa. The compressive stress‐strain curves obtained were typical of cellular metals. The normalized strengths of the metal foams obtained in the present study compare very favorably with that of steel foams produced by other techniques.     

泡沫金属中池沸腾传热的研究进展

介绍了泡沫金属的结构特性,总结了泡沫金属中池沸腾的气泡生长速度、气泡直径和气泡生长现象等传热特点,以及泡沫金属的孔隙率、孔密度等参数对池沸腾传热的影响,并指出了泡沫金属中沸腾传热的研究方向。     

Tensile Behaviour of Replicated Aluminium Foams

The replication process is used to produce open‐cell 99.99 % pure aluminium foams of controlled pore diameter and solid volume fraction; each parameter is varied respectively from 40 to 400 μm and 10 to 30 vol. pct. The foam tensile behaviour is consistent with the small‐strain compressive behaviour and shows a significant dependence on pore size.     

Elaboration and characterization of metallic foams based on tin–lead

This study is devoted to the fabrication of metallic foams based on tin–lead of various relative densities and pore sizes by means of the liquid alloy infiltration process and its characterization (mechanical behavior and microstructure). Room temperature uniaxial compression tests were carried out in order to study the influence of the size of cell and of the relative density on the behavior in compression and to interpret these relations within a framework. A characterization on a microscopic scale (metallography and hardness) is achieved in order to link the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the constitutive phases, the parameters of the process and the macroscopic mechanical behavior.